Participants

Kiepenheuer Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS),

Freiburg, Germany

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC),

La Laguna, España

Department of Applied Mathematics (UoS),

Sheffield, U. K.

Institut for Fysik og Astronomi (IFA),

Århus, Denmark

Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP),

Porto, Portugal

Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS),

Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF),

Roma, Italy

Instituut voor Sterrenkunde (IvS),

Leuven, Belgium

Instytut Astronomiczny Uniwersytet Wroclawski (IAUWr),

Wroclaw, Poland

Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA),

Nice, France

A European Helio- and Asteroseismology Network

HELAS

Funded as a Coordination Action by the European Commission

HELASHELAS Project OfficeKiepenheuer-Institut für SonnenphysikSchöneckstr. 679104 FreiburgGermany

Tel: +49-761-3198-182 | Fax: +49-761-3198-111E-mail: helas@kis.uni-freiburg.deUrl: http://www.helas-eu.org

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HELASA European Helio- and AsteroseismologyNetwork

Funded as a Coordination Actionby the European Commission

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PREFACE

It is a great pleasure to introduce a new Europeaninitiative, the European Helio- and AsteroseismologyNetwork HELAS, with this brochure.

Astronomers have only very few tools to probe the interiorof stars – the truly “enlightening” constituents of theUniverse, which are also the source of chemical elementsheavier than lithium. The entire complex chemistry in ourenvironment, including life on Earth, originates from thestellar evolution in our Milky Way. Naturally, understandingstars means understanding our origins. Stars appear to bedeceptively simple physical bodies; however, a quitecomplex set of mathematical equations and materialproperties describes what we believe the physics of theirinterior to be. It is impossible to look directly at the centreof a star, except with the help of the elusive neutrino, toverify our understanding of the relevant laws of physics.However, sound waves propagate through the stellar body,carrying minute signatures of its internal state with theirfrequencies. It is the careful analysis of the sound wavesobserved at the stellar surfaces – helioseismology for thecase of the Sun and asteroseismology for other stars –which has become the prime technique probing theinterior of stars during the past 30 years.

HELAS is a stroke of luck for helio- and asteroseis-mology in Europe. For the first time, a project devoted tothe investigation of the solar interior and generally to theseismic probing of the structure of stars receivessubstantial funding from the European Commission for aperiod of four years. Based on this funding and theestablished work programme, HELAS offers a unique

Oskar von der Lühe, coordinator

HELAS ORGANIZATION

The HELAS management structure consists of the HELASBoard, the Coordinator, the Project Scientist and theNetwork Activity Chairs. The Coordinator is assisted by theNetwork Coordination Team and a Project Office.

The HELAS Board is responsible for making top-levelstrategic decisions regarding the execution anddevelopment of the Coordination Action. The Board iscomposed of one member from each of the participatinginstitutions. Each institution appoints its representative tothe Board. The members of the Board annually elect aChairperson from among its members. The Board meetsat least once a year to decide, review and update thestrategic plan for HELAS, including proposals for newmembers and the financial issues. The presentmembership of the Board is listed below.

The HELAS Coordinator, Oskar von der Lühe (KIS), carriesout the responsibilities of the coordinator as set out in theEC Contract. These responsibilities include, among others,signature of the Contract with the European Commissionafter authorization by the participating institutions,collection of all required statements for submission to theEuropean Commission from all Contractors, preparing therequired reports and project documents and ensuringprompt delivery of all deliverables. The Coordinator isresponsible for the proper execution of the CoordinatedAction and for the implementation of the strategicdecisions of the Board. He implements the strategicdecisions and recommendations of the Board and decideson all issues concerning the implementation of the ProjectPlan. He monitors the Project progress with particularregard to budget and schedule, and receives progress andfinancial reports from the Network Chairs. In accordancewith the strategic priorities set by the Board hedetermines the distribution of resources, reviews the

chance to advance helio- and asteroseismology further,and to proceed with the future steps in a well preparedmanner. HELAS comes quite timely. Exciting projects andspace missions are about to become operational,delivering overwhelming amounts of data on the Sun andthe stars. Researchers in Europe must be in a positionwell prepared to process the data with high efficiency.

Many researchers in Europe will have the opportunity toexchange their knowledge and their experience withinthe frame offered by HELAS. They will be able tocoordinate efforts and to share resources. We considerHELAS a unique opportunity for helio- and asteroseis-mology research groups all over Europe to achieve aleading position in the seismology of the stars.

The Network Coordination Team assists the Coordinatorin day-to-day matters of the Project on an ad-hoc basis, inthe times between meetings of the Board. The teamprovides advice to the Coordinator and supports thedecision making process. The team consists of the ProjectScientist, the Chair of the Board, and two additionalmembers appointed by the Board.

Each Network Activity is directed by a Network Chair. TheBoard appoints the Network Chairs who are responsible forthe execution of the planned activities within the Networkaccording to schedule and within allocated resources. Theyassure proper information flow between the participatinginstitutions and provide to the Coordinator all informationand documents required in order for the Coordinator andthe Board to fulfil their obligations to this Project.

balance of the Project as required by the EC, and preparesreports for approval by the Board.

The Project Office carries out the day-to-day managementof the Project under the direction of the Coordinator. Anadministrative officer assists the Coordinator and theHELAS Board. The Project Office provides the management,financial and administrative expertise and full EU accounta-bility across all HELAS activities, servicing and supportingthe top level decision-making and oversight bodies andsupporting the various elements of the Project.

The Project Scientist, Markus Roth (MPS), assists theCoordinator and takes over his responsibilities in case ofabsence. He carries out immediate actions, organises andattends all HELAS Board meetings, defining their agenda,and assures proper information flow between the ProjectOffice and the Network Chairs.

Project office members.Oskar von der Lühe, Coordinator; Ute Rynarzewski, Administrative Officer; Cornelia Betz, Administrative Assistant; Markus Roth, Project Scientist

NETWORK ACTIVITIES

Global HelioseismologyHelioseismology has opened a new window on the interiorof the Sun, enabling solar physicists to investigate thestructure and dynamics of the previously inaccessiblesolar interior, from the central core to the surface. Globalhelioseismology uses observations of motions of the solarsurface to measure very precisely the frequencies ofnormal modes of oscillation of the whole Sun. These areanalogous the resonant frequencies of a musicalinstrument. The frequencies depend on the interiorproperties of the Sun, and so from the measuredfrequencies inferences can be drawn about the solarinterior, such as its stratification with depth and how therotation rate of the interior varies with position. Globalhelioseismology can also make use of other measurableproperties of the resonant modes, such as their lifetimes.The inferences from global helioseismology arecomplementary to those from local helioseismology.

The Global Helioseismology Network Activity aims tocoordinate the methods and software developments forglobal helioseismology across the various Europeangroups working in this field. It aims to distribute dataanalysis tools and solar models in the HELAScommunity. Finally, and importantly, it aims to shareexpertise and techniques with asteroseismology (seealso the Asteroseismology Network Activity).

Local HelioseismologyLocal helioseismology uses measurements of wavemotions on the Sun’s surface to make three dimensionalimages of the solar interior. It is quite similar to ultrasoniccomputed tomography, used in medicine to image thehuman body. The basic idea is to measure the time it takesfor solar waves to propagate through the interior betweenany two locations on the surface: wave travel times contain

HELAS Board members

Oskar von der Lühe (Coordinator, KIS)Pere Pallé (IAC)Michael J. Thompson (UoS)Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard (IFA)Mário J. P. F. G. Monteiro (CAUP)Laurent Gizon (MPS)Maria Pia Di Mauro (INAF)Conny Aerts (IvS)Jadwiga Daszynska-Daszkiewicz (IAUWr)Thierry Corbard (OCA)Markus Roth (Project Scientist, MPS)

HELAS Board guests

Annie Baglin (CoRoT)Yvonne Elsworth (BiSON)Don Kurtz (UCLAN)

Project Office

Ute Rynarzewski (Administrative Officer, KIS)Cornelia Betz (Administrative Assistant, KIS)

The Asteroseismology Network Activity aims atintegrating and documenting existing analysis tools forthe interpretation of seismic data of stars and atdelivering these tools, as well as data and models, to thewhole European community. This delivery will beachieved through a flexible and efficient internet gateway,which will also serve the purpose of a toolbox forgraduate training. An important aspect is to assist thecommunity in the optimal exploitation of the space datafrom the European space mission CoRoT and to prepareEurope for future large-scale ground-based and spaceprojects for solar and stellar physics.

Public OutreachHelio- and asteroseismology cover broad areas of solarand stellar physics, from the structure and evolution ofall types of star over the details of solar evolution to thedynamics of solar activity. Thus HELAS provides anexcellent platform for coordinating outreach in theseareas, presenting the fascinating aspects of the dynamiclife of the stars. The goal of these activities is to makeavailable material for outreach in the broadest sense,addressing the general public, schools at all levels anduniversity education. In addition, we shall inform ourastrophysical colleagues about the activities of HELAS atinternational conferences and similar occasions. Thepresent brochure is an example of the material producedas part of the HELAS outreach activities for this purpose.

All HELAS nodes have extensive outreach programmeswith high-quality material. Through the HELAS outreachactivities we shall organize this material and make itavailable to the HELAS, and the broader, community in aconvenient form. This will include images, animationsand sound files, as well as complete presentations whichmay serve as inspiration to others. In addition, we shallmake available lecture notes in the areas covered byHELAS. We may also coordinate the production of new

the seismic signature of buried inhomogeneities and massmotions situated along the propagation paths. Internalflows also leave a signature in the frequencies of solaroscillations extracted from time-series of local areas onthe Sun. Local helioseismology has been used to probe thesubsurface structure of sunspots, internal flows and theirtemporal evolution, and even magnetic activity on the farside of the Sun. It is believed that local helioseismologywill provide important clues in our quest to understand themechanism of the eleven-year solar magnetic cycle.The Local Helioseismology Network Activity aims atconsolidating this field of research in Europe, to organizescientific meetings, and to facilitate the distribution ofsolar oscillation data and the tools for their analysis. Animportant goal is to provide Europe with the means toanalyze data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory(SOHO) and the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG),as well as to prepare for upcoming space missions – theSolar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Solar Orbiter.

AsteroseismologyAsteroseismology uses measurements of wave motionson the surface of stars to derive their interior properties.The tiny stellar surface motions reveal themselves inobserved time series of brightness or velocity variationsfrom which the wave frequencies can be deduced. Thegoal is to unravel the way in which stellar wavespropagate through the star. The travel time of the wavesdepends on the properties of the stellar gas, inparticular on its density, temperature, rotation, mixingand chemical composition. Both smooth and sharpchanges in these quantities imprint specific signaturesin the wave propagation and thus in the observedfrequencies. Modelling of the wave properties thusallows astrophysicists to disentangle the details of thegas properties which in their turn determine the life andevolution of the stars.

ParticipatingInstitutions

material at the HELAS nodes. Another relevant activitywill be to coordinate the production and distribution ofpress releases on special occasions, such as the launchof the CoRoT satellite. Finally, we plan to produce a web-based ‘Who is Who’ of the HELAS community, withpictures, contact information and brief descriptions ofresearch interests. This may later be extended to thebroader helio- and asteroseismic communities.

HELAS ForumIn order to promote and to ensure a proper disseminationof the knowledge, an effective degree of coordination and acorrect and easy access to the information – primarilyinside the helio- and asteroseismology community but alsoto other scientific communities and to the general public –it was considered necessary to develop a specific networkactivity to address the above goals: the “HELAS Forum”.

The HELAS Forum network activities will be focused inthree main aspects: a) To develop, maintain and operate anIT platform (www.helas-eu.org), aimed to be “the”reference site and also the reference gateway, for thehelio- and asteroseismology community. The IT tool shallprovide information (who is who in the community, wherethey are and what are their activities and skills, projects,programs, initiatives, meetings and related events,publications, job opportunities, locations and description ofavailable data sets and the specific HELAS activities andtheir progress), products (basic helio- and asteroseismicobservational data, software packages, theoreticalfrequencies, models, inversion tools and multimediaoutreach and educational material) and an open IT forumtool to exchange information and ideas. b) To increasevisibility and coordination of the existing initiatives in thesefields and to encourage incipient or new ones. c) Tomaximize the attendance and the scientific output of theannual HELAS International Conferences.

The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is a highlyinternationalized research centre comprising theInstituto de Astrofísica, as the Headquarters in LaLaguna; the La Palma Centre of Astrophysics and Teideand Roque de los Muchachos Observatories. The IACHelio- and Asteroseimology Group consists of 12members (6 staff, 2 postdocs and 4 PhD students) and isresponsible for the “SolarLab” at the Observatorio delTeide, the only site hosting devoted instrumentationbelonging to all existing ground-based helioseismologynetworks (GONG, BiSON, TON, ECHO), some majorcoordinated asteroseismology experiments (STARE) andmulti-site campaigns (STEPHI). The team has beeninvolved in those projects at observing, interpretationand scientific exploitation levels, and therefore acquireda unique expertise. Furthermore, the IAC Team has beeninvolved as partner consortium in the construction,operation, and scientific exploitation of two Europeanexperiments aboard SOHO (GOLF and LOI/VIRGO) and itis involved in the CoRoT mission.

The Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS), amember of the Leibniz association, is the largestGerman institute specialized in solar physics. Theinstitute operates the German solar telescopes at theObservatorio del Teide, Tenerife, and leads theconstruction of the 1.5m solar telescope GREGOR. Itparticipates in several international instrumentationprojects for the ground and space. The number ofemployees (scientific, technical and administrative) isabout 55. The research at the KIS is focused on theobservational and theoretical description of themagnetic solar activity. The KIS has a long-standinghistory in helioseismology, dating back to the pioneeringwork of Franz-Ludwig Deubner, who detected thestanding-wave character of the “five-minuteoscillations”. Currently, the helioseismic research at theKIS is concentrated on the development of newtechniques for inferring information on the origin of thesolar activity. This includes studies of the solar interiordynamics and their temporal variation.

KIS IAC

Kiepenheuer-Institut für SonnenphysikSchöneckstr. 6-7D-79104 Freiburg i. BreisgauGermany

Instituto de Astrofísica de CanariasC/ Vía Láctea, s/nE38200 - La Laguna (Tenerife).España

http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/Contact: Oskar von der LüheTel.: +49 761 3198 0 | Fax: +49 761 3198 111E-mail: ovdluhe@kis.uni-freiburg.de

http://www.iac.es/Contact: Pere L. PalléTel: +34 / 922 605 200 | Fax: +34 / 922 605 210E-mail: pere.l.palle@iac.es

The Aarhus team is part of the Department of Physicsand Astronomy, with a total scientific staff of around 59,and consists of three permanent staff members, twopostdocs and one PhD student. The Aarhus group has along history in the use of helioseismic techniques todetermine solar internal structure and rotation,including investigations of the equation of state andopacity. Great emphasis has been placed on thedevelopment of reliable techniques for computing stellarmodels. The team has been leading in ground-basedobservations of solar-like oscillations in other stars. Arecent important contribution has been the study ofoscillations in the A and B components of the alphaCentauri binary system. The theoretical activities of theteam now also emphasize asteroseismology, includingthe development of techniques for fitting or invertingstellar oscillation data. The team will take part in theCoRoT and the NASA Kepler missions, in the latter casewith prime responsibility for the interpretation of theasteroseismic data. The IFA team has made substantialcontributions to public outreach, including theorganization of planetarium shows in collaboration withthe local planetaria.

The Sheffield team is part of the Solar Physics andupper-Atmosphere Research Group in the Department ofApplied Mathematics. The team has extensiveexperience in inversion of global and local helioseismicdata to study the internal structure and dynamics of theSun. It is currently developing inverse techniques forasteroseismic data and grid-based technologies forexploiting the forthcoming helioseismic observationsfrom the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite. It has astrong track record of training research students andpostdoctoral researchers. The team’s particularstrengths are in helioseismic and asteroseismicmodelling and inversion, and in modelling the effects ofmagnetic fields on solar oscillations.

UoS IFA

Department of Applied MathematicsUniversity of SheffieldHicks BuildingHounsfield RoadSheffield S3 7RHU.K.

Institut for Fysik og AstronomiAarhus UniversitetNy Munkegade, Bygn. 1520DK-8000 Århus CDenmark

http://www.shef.ac.uk/Contact: Michael J. ThompsonTel.: +44 (0)114 222 3733 | Fax: +44 (0)114 222 3739E-mail: Michael.Thompson@sheffield.ac.uk

http://astro.phys.au.dk/Contact: Jørgen Christensen-DalsgaardTel: +45 8942 3614 | Fax: +45 8612 0740E-mail: jcd@phys.au.dk

The Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research(MPS) is one of 78 institutes and research facilitiesmaintained by the Max Planck Society across Germany.Scientific work at the MPS can be split into three majorfields of research: The Sun and heliosphere, planets andcomets, and magnetospheres. The solar research grouphas extensive experience in observations of photosphericmagnetism, studies of solar variability and climate,numerical modelling of solar convection, and dynamotheory. A new independent research group in solar andstellar seismology was created in 2005. An essential partof the Institute’s activities is the development andconstruction of instrumentation for space missions. Theinstitute has played a leading role in about 80 successfulspace missions since 1965, including Helios, Giotto,Cluster, SOHO, Mars Pathfinder, Cassini, and Rosetta, tomention a few of the most significant.

CAUP is the largest institute for astronomy in Portugalwith a team of about 20 researchers and over 40postgraduate students working on two broad areas:stellar astrophysics, extragalactic astronomy andcosmology. It hosts several postgraduate programmes inastronomy and provides support to the undergraduatedegree in Astronomy in the University of Porto. CAUPparticipates in several European Consortia funded by theEuropean Commission. The Stellar Structure andEvolution team at CAUP includes four senior researchersand several PhD students that participate in asteroseis-mology (CoRoT and MOST) and helioseismology (SOHO)missions.

The team’s expertise centres on the seismic analysis ofthe Sun and other solar-type and intermediate massstars, from the pre-main sequence up to more advancedstages of evolution. The research focuses on the seismicstudy of convection and overshoot, chemicalcomposition, stellar modelling and magnetic effects onthe frequencies of the oscillations.

CAUP MPS

Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do PortoRua das EstrelasP-4150-762 Porto,Portugal

Max-Planck-Institut für SonnensystemforschungMax-Planck-Strasse 2D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau,Germany

http://www.astro.up.pt/Contact: Mario J. P. F. G. MonteiroTel: +351 - 226 089 830/857 | Fax: +351 - 226 089 831E-mail: mjm@astro.up.pt

http://www.mps.mpg.de/en/index.htmlContact: Laurent GizonTel: +49 (0)5556 979-439 (Office) / -299 (Secr.) | Fax: +49 (0)5556 979-240E-mail: gizon@mps.mpg.de

The Institute of Astronomy of Leuven University containsa large gender-balanced and diverse team in asteroseis-mology, composed of 8 PhD students, 6 postdocs, 1software engineer and 1 staff member. This team has along tradition in observational studies of heat-drivenoscillation modes of main sequence stars, from the coolF-type Gamma Doradus stars up to the hot massive B-type Beta Cephei stars. It has recently also been heavilyinvolved in the discovery of stochastically-excitedoscillation modes in solar-like stars and in red giants.Specific expertise includes development and applicationof methodology for empirical mode identification frommulticolour photometry and from high-resolution line-profile variations. Two of the team members are co-Investigator of the CoRoT space mission, with responsi-bilities on B-type pulsators and red giants respectively.The team is also involved in the automated classificationof variable stars from light curves in the framework ofthe CoRoT and Gaia space missions.

The asteroseismology group of the INAF (IstitutoNazionale di Astrofisica - National Institute forAstrophysics) consists of several institutes ofastrophysics in Italy. The team was established in 2001with the idea to gather people with complementary skillsin studies of helio and astero-seismology. The group isinvolved in the study of stellar variability with regards tophotometric and spectroscopic observations and dataanalysis, particularly of solar-type, delta Scuti, gammaDoradus, sdB stars and white dwarfs. The theoreticalwork focuses on expertise in the interpretation of theoscillation spectrum of the Sun and solar-like stars, byincluding effects such as rotation and overshoot fromconvective zones. The group is involved in the applicationand development of helioseismic inversions techniquesuseful to unveil solar and stellar internal regions. Theteam has developed a stellar evolution code with the aimto study the internal structure of the stars in variousphases of their evolution.

INAF IvS

Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaViale del Parco Mellini, 84I-00136 RomaItaly

Instituut voor Sterrenkunde Departement Natuurkunde en SterrenkundeKatholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 B B - 3001 Leuven Belgium

http://www.inaf.it/Contact: Maria Pia Di MauroTel.: +39 06 4993 ext 4658 | Fax: +39 06 20660188E-mail: mariapia.dimauro@iasf-roma.inaf.it

http://www.ster.kuleuven.beContact: Conny AertsTel: +32/16/32 70 28 | Fax: +32/16/32 79 99E-mail:conny@ster.kuleuven.be

The Côte d’Azur Observatory (OCA) is ruled under theFrench education ministry in partnership with CNRS(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and hasclose relationship with Nice University where severalresearchers are also teaching. It is made of about 200people working in three scientific departments. Thesolar and stellar physic group of OCA has been leadersin the earliest development of ground based and spatialhelioseismology. They are now involved as co-investigators in the CNES PICARD micro-satellitemission for solar shape measurements and in theCNES/ESA asteroseismic mission CoRoT. They are alsocontributing in developing local helioseismologymethods for studying notably the meridional circulationand the correlation between sub-surface dynamics andmagnetic activity. Theoretical studies include models ofstellar evolution, stellar structure and pulsation, solarturbulence, MHD, dynamo theories and photosphericmagnetism.

The Wroclaw Institute hosts experts in observations aswell as in the theory of pulsating stars, in a strongcollaboration with astronomers from Warsaw. The groupconsists of nine permanent staff members and two PhDstudents. The research concentrates on the search forB-type variables in young open clusters, particularly forbeta Cep, SPB, Be and sdB stars. To this end,multicolour photometry is carried out, and data from theMACHO and OGLE projects are analyzed. One of the mainresult of these studies is the discovery of the first betaCep and SPB stars in Magellanic Clouds. Stellarparameters and metallicities are determined usingspectra from the ground-based observations and fromspace missions. The theoretical work focuses onmodelling of stellar evolution and non-adiabaticpulsations. The Warsaw-Wroclaw team developed themethod of non-adiabatic photometric observables for themode identification. Moreover, the team inventedanother method, which, besides the mode identification,yields a new asteroseismic probe giving constraints onstellar parameters, convection, chemical compositionand atomic data (opacity).

IAUWr OCA

Instytut Astronomiczny, Uniwersytet Wroclawskiul. Kopernika 11,Pl-51-622 WroclawPoland

Observatoire de la Côte d’AzurBd. de l’ObservatoireB.P. 4229F-06304 Nice Cedex 04France

http://www.astro.uni.wroc.plContact: Jadwiga Daszynska-DaszkiewiczTel: +48 71 37 29 373 | Fax: +48 71 37 29 378E-mail: daszynska@astro.uni.wroc.pl

http://www.obs-nice.fr/Contact: Thierry CorbardTel: +33 (0)492003011 | Fax: +33 (0)492003033E-mail: Thierry.CORBARD@obs-nice.fr

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