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A presentation on vocational training

HEAVY WATER PLANT

Submitted to:- Mr. prateek sir(Asst. professor of EE dept.)

Submitted by :-Mohit navriyaK-10778 , EE-2

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INTRODUCTION

• Heavy water plant, kota (Rajasthan) India's first indigenous �plant based on girdler sulphide process, is located on the eastern bank of Chambal River 70 km from kota adjacent to Rajasthan atomic power station (raps). The plant was commissioned in 1982, with a capital cost of rs. 100 crore and having capacity of produce 85 metric tones of d2o annually.

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• This plant is committed for pollution free and complete safe operation

• The plant is operating commercially at high capacity utilization and excellent stream factor with a team of 800 well-trained employees maintaining harmonious industrial relations

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PLANT LOCATION AND SITE CONDITIONS

• HEAVY WATER PLANT (KOTA) is located on the eastern bank of Rana Pratap Sagar Lake (R.P.S.) upstream of the R.P.S.Dam across the Chambal River at an elevation of 388 mt.above mean sea level with a latitude of 24º53 North and a longitude of 75º36 east. � �

• The plant site is about 64 km by road from KOTA city• The only nearby major industrial installation is RAJASTHAN

ATOMIC POWER STATION (R.A.P.S.).

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HEAVY WATER• It is a compound of deuterium and oxygen • Heavy water, which looks ordinary water, is not radioactive and

hence dose not pose any problem of radioactivity• Heavy water is used in the field of the nuclear energy as an

effective moderator and coolant in natural uranium based atomic reactor meant for power generation or research purposes

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India has Following Eight Heavy Water Plant (HWP)

S.NO

Name Place State Process Employed

1 HWP (K) Anushakti Rajasthan H2S-H2O Exchange

2 HWP (M) Manu guru Andhra Pradesh H2S-H2O Exchange

3 HWP (B) Vadodara Gujarat NH3-H2 Exchange

4 HWP (H) Hazira Gujarat NH3-H2 Exchange

5 HWP (TA) Talcher Orissa NH3-H2 Exchange

6 HWP (TH) Thal Maharashtra NH3-H2 Exchange

7 HWP (TU) Tuticorin Tamil Nadu NH3-H2 Exchange

8 HWP (N) Nangal Punjab Hydrogen Distillation

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN HEAVY WATER PLANT

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• Electrical power to the Heavy Water Plant is supplied from the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station situated nearby

• The power is received at the switchyard in the main receiving station with a supply voltage of 220 KV

• The supply is carried up to the power transformers with the help of Isolators & Circuit Breakers

• The power transformers step down the voltage to a level of 6.6 KV

• This 6.6 KV from the LV side of the transformers is connected to the 6.6 KV main bus From here the power is distributed to various loads through the 6.6 KV rating Lochs

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• This 6.6 KV from the LV side of the transformers is connected to the 6.6 KV main bus From here the power is distributed to various loads through the 6.6 KV rating Lochs

• All the H.T. motors (6.6 KV motors) in the plant are fed from the MRS. The protective schemes for these motors are also provided in the MRS

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CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN THE PLANT

1. Class – IV system: - 6.6 KV from the grid via power transformer 2. Class – III system: - 415 V, 3 supply from the DG sets. 3. Class – II system: - 110 V , 1 A.C. from UPS. 4. Class – I system: - 110V , D.C. from Batteries

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MAJOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN THE SWITCHYARD

1. POWER TRANSFORMERS 2. CIRCUIT BREAKERS 3. LIGHTNING ARRESTORS 4. ISOLATORS 5. EARTHING SWITCHES 6. INSULATORS.

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POWER TRANSFORMERS

• A power transformer is a device that consists of a coil wrapped around an electromagnet that transfers electricity from one circuit to another without changing the frequency of the electric energy. Although the frequency of the electrical energy isn't changed, the voltage and current commonly change when passing through

• A transformer is a static machine used for transforming power from one circuit to another without changing frequency

• Transformer operates on ac supply• Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction

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Types of Transformer

• Step Up Transformer & Step Down Transformer • Three Phase Transformer & Single Phase Transformer• Electrical Power Transformer, Distribution Transformer &

Instrument Transformer• Two Winding Transformer & Auto Transformer• Outdoor Transformer & Indoor Transformer• Oil Cooled & Dry Type Transforme• Core type, Shell type & Berry type transformer

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CIRCUIT BREAKERS• automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric

circuit as a safety measure• As the modern power system deals with huge currents, the

spacial attention should be given during designing of circuit breaker to safe interruption of arc produced during the operation of circuit breaker

• Circuit breaker is basically a mechanical device used to make or break an electrical circuit under normal & abnormal conditions

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Types of Circuit Breaker

• Oil circuit breaker

• Air circuit breaker

• SF6 circuit breaker

• Vacuum circuit breaker

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SF6 Circuit Breaker• A circuit breaker in which the current carrying contacts operate in

slphur hexafluoride or SF6 gas is known as an SF6 circuit breaker• SF6 has excellent insulating property• SF6 has high electro-negativity• it has high affinity of absorbing free electron

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How is it work ?

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LIGHTNING ARRESTORS

• A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning.

• The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal

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EARTHING SWITCHES• Earthing switch connect the live parts and line conductors and

earth• Earthing switch is used to earth the live parts during

maintenance and during testing• During maintenance although circuit is open still there are some

voltages on line due to which capacitance between line and earth is charged. Before proceeding to maintenance work the voltage s discharged to earth, by closing the earth switch.

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INSULATORS• Electrical Insulator must be used in electrical system to prevent

unwanted flow of current to the earth from its supporting points• The insulator plays a vital role in electrical system. Electrical

Insulator is a very high resistive path through which practically no current can flow. In transmission and distribution system, the overhead conductors are generally supported by supporting towers or poles

• The towers and poles both are properly grounded. So there must be insulator between tower or pole body and current carrying conductors to prevent the flow of current from conductor to earth through the grounded supporting towers or poles.

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Properties of Insulating Material

• It must be mechanically strong enough to carry tension and weight of conductors

• It must have very high dielectric strength to withstand the voltage stresses in High Voltage system

• It must possesses high Insulation Resistance to prevent leakage current to the earth

• The insulating material must be free from unwanted impurities• There physical as well as electrical properties must be less

effected by changing temperature

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MAJOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS IN PLANT

1. D.G. SETS 2. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS 3. H.T. MOTOR 4. L.T. MOTORS 5. UPS 6. ACVR

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D.G. SETS (Diesel Generator) • A Diesel Generator (DG) is a combination of diesel engine with

electrical generator (often called an alternator) to generate electricity. DG sets are used in places that have no connection to power grid, and as emergency power-supply if the grid fails.

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ELECTRIC MOTER

• Anything that turns electricity into motion, meaning electrical energy into mechanical energy, is called an electric motor

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Induction Motors• Induction Motor is perhaps the most common type of electric

motor• It does not have a commutator or brushes• It is used in newer diesel trains, industrial applications,

pumps, compressors, fans, dishwashers, and countless other things

• An asynchronous motor type of an induction motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding

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How it works:

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U.P.S (Uninterruptible power supply)• uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery and flywheel

backup• electrical apparatus that provides emergency• power to a load when the input power source or mains power

fails UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries

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"NO THEORY IS COMPLETE WITHOUT PRACTICAL,AND NO PRACTICAL CAN COMPLETE THE THEORY."

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