HEAVY METAL CONTENT OFHEAVY METAL CONTENT OFEUROPEAN SOILSEUROPEAN SOILS

A RESEARCH PROJECTA RESEARCH PROJECT

Europe-wide evaluation of existing databases fortrace element (heavy metal) and organic matter

contents in soils

Heinrich Langenkamp JRC IspraHeinrich Langenkamp JRC IspraHeinrich Langenkamp JRC IspraHeinrich Langenkamp JRC Ispra

HEAVY METAL IN EUROPEAN SOILSHEAVY METAL IN EUROPEAN SOILSIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working groupIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working groupIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working groupIn collaboration with the European Soil Bureau working group

The document was elaborated with the following partners:The document was elaborated with the following partners:The document was elaborated with the following partners:The document was elaborated with the following partners:

�Denmark Henrik Breuning-Madsen�France Denise Baize�Germany Jens Utermann�United Kingdom Peter J. Loveland

Project co-ordination: Soil and Waste UnitEuropean Soil BureauH. Langenkamp

Standards to be developed forStandards to be developed forSoil, sludge and treated Bio-wasteSoil, sludge and treated Bio-waste

AOX Halogenated compoundsLAS Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (detergents)DEHP Phthalate (plastisizers)NPE Nonylphenols (detergents)PCDD/F Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxine/Furane

also research into pathogens will be needed:

Salmonella senftenberg W775Escherichia coliClostridium perfringensGerminating weed seeds

Heavy Metal and organic Matter Contents inHeavy Metal and organic Matter Contents inEuropean Soils in the 15 Member StatesEuropean Soils in the 15 Member States

Progress reportProgress reportData elaborationand Reporting: BGR

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

O. DüwelJ. Utermann

Project co-ordination: Soil and Waste UnitEuropean Soil Bureau

H. Langenkamp

Use of Spatial information about Trace ElementUse of Spatial information about Trace ElementContents Contents in European Soils European Soils

�Identify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanIdentify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanIdentify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanIdentify the current status of trace elements in EuropeanSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeSoils in the context of the revision of the sewage SludgeDirective 86/278/CEEDirective 86/278/CEEDirective 86/278/CEEDirective 86/278/CEE

�Compile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilCompile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilCompile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilCompile a data base of trace elements in support of a soilprotection policy for Europeprotection policy for Europeprotection policy for Europeprotection policy for Europe

Objectives of the studyObjectives of the study

- to make available the best information on heavy metal and organic matter contents in European agricultural soils

➨ data request + documentation sheet- to evaluate and provide an overview of heavy metal and

organic matter contents in European agricultural soils ➨ set of outline maps, identify areas or regions with

data gaps - to establish a basis for discussion how to evaluate data on heavy

metals in agricultural soils ➨ classes of reference: soil pH; soil texture; land use; soil

parent material

Concept for a �Concept for a �Concept for a �Concept for a �ShortShortShortShort Term Action� Term Action� Term Action� Term Action�

1. Improve the knowledge about suitable databases, use of existingdatabases2. Standardization of data to be analyzed� Sampling methods� Digestion methods3. Map of soil parent material (Geographical database)4. Map of main land use5. Illustration of data sets by individual countries6. Comparison between different countries

Heavy Metal (Trace Elements) and Organic Carbon Contents in European SoilsDetails of the person who filled in the documentation sheet:

Institute/Country:Name:Position in the Institute:Address:Phone: Fax: e-mail:

Description of the data setLand use

Arable (cultivated ) land (managed) grassland forest other (urban etc.)

Please give a brief definition of the respective land use units:

General characteristic ofthe soil samples

Geographical locations deliverable: Yes No Accuracy:

Kind of samplingSampling strategy

RandomGridgrid distance:Nested Sampling

Otherplease specify:

Soil horizon please specify:

Depth increment please specify:

Single coreMixed coreNumber of cores:

Soil type/Soil parent material

Soil type:Information available please specify nomenclature:

Source of information:

Map (kind of map, scale)

Profile description

Soil parent material:Information available please specify nomenclature:

Source of information:

Map (kind of map, scale)

Profile description

Additional soil parameter Soil pHpH (H2O) pH (KCl) pH (CaCl2)

Analytical resultplease specify analytical method (standard, solid : liquid ratio):

Estimationplease specify (e.g. target pH-values, maps):

Soil textureAnalytical results

Profile description

Please specify the nomenclature for classifying soil texture:

(If soil texture is classified according to national nomenclature pleaseattach a soil texture diagram or give information about the ranges of masscontents for the three main components sand, silt and clay)

Additional soil parameter Soil organic matter

Analytical results

please specify analytical method (standard, digestion method):

Profile description

International standard please specify:

National standard or other

please describe in detail:

Digestion method(s) fordetermination of traceelements

Please give information of the detection limits in [mg/kg dry mass]; As: Cd: Cr:

Cu: Hg: Mo: Ni: Pb: Se:

Zn:

Statistical Evaluation of the data setsHarmonisation of the data

setsIf individual data sets refer to different analytical methods, does the evaluation take into account these differences (e.g. by correction factors orfunctions)

Yes NoIf Yes, please specify:

Do the data sets include samples from contaminated sites?

YesNo

If Yes, are these samples eliminated before data evaluation?

YesNo

If Yes, please specify how contaminated samples were identified:

Short Term Action - Phase II:Documentation Sheet

Description of the data set -General characteristic of the soil samples

Sampling strategy; Soil type/Soil parent material; Additional soil parameter

Digestion method(s) fordetermination of trace elements

Statistical Evaluation of the data sets -Harmonisation of the data sets

Current status

Preliminary evaluations for 4member states (phase I)

Distribution of �data availabilityrequest� to 15 EU states

Evaluation of returnedquestionnaires:

Currently general information(varying quality and quantity)for 11 + 1 European countries http://europa.eu.int

✔

✔

Short Term Action - Phase II:

Finland

Irish Republic

Belgium (Flanders)

<10 mg /kg10-20 mg /kg20-30 mg /kg

40-50 mg /kg>50 mg /kg

30-40 mg /kg

Classes of Cu content(mg/kg)

No EU countries

Map legend:

Towards a geographical coverage - A set of outline maps

Short Term Action - Phase II:

Part II:Heavy metal contentsreferred to soil units of theEuropean Soil Data Base(exemplary visualisationof Cu (mg/kg),50. percentile value (median))

Czech Republic<10 mg /kg10-20 mg /kg20-30 mg /kg

40-50 mg /kg>50 mg /kg

30-40 mg /kg

Classes of Cu content(mg/kg)

No EU countries

Map legend:

Germany

Towards a geographical coverage - A set of outline maps

Short Term Action - Phase II:

Part III:Heavy metal contentsreferred to parent material(Mat units of the EuropeanSoil Data Base)(exemplary visualisationof Cu (mg/kg),50. percentile value (median))

Short Term Action - Phase II:

Example Austria

Evaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pHEvaluation related to Soil pH

� England/Wales and France pH based on water(gives higher pH values)

�Germany and Denmark pH based solutions of 0.01 mol/l CaCl2 or 1mol/l KCl (gives lower pH values)

Summary of the Country-wide available DataSummary of the Country-wide available Datain the 4 Member Statesin the 4 Member States

Country All Data Land use Soil parentMaterial

Soil pHClasses

Soil textureclasses

Denmark Yes Yes No Yes Yes

England/Wales

Yes No No Yes Yes

France Yes No data forgrassland

No Yes Yes

Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes/No datafor grassland

Yes

Characterization of the data setsCharacterization of the data setsCountry Sampling

strategy(small scale)

Georeferencedsampling

Elimination ofcontaminated

samples

Digestionprocedure

Denmark Grid sampling Yes No 50 % HNO3

France Randomsampling

Not all No Aqua RegiaHF/HCLO4

Germany Random/GridSampling

Yes Yes Aqua RegiaHF/HCLO4

England/Wales

Grid Sampling Yes No Aqua Regia

Summary of the preliminary EvaluationSummary of the preliminary EvaluationSummary of the preliminary EvaluationSummary of the preliminary Evaluation

1. From the results obtained it is obvious that at thepresent stage of data harmonization, a qualifiedcomparison of data in Europe is not yet possible.

2. Country specific evaluations are possible to a certainextent.

3. Europe-wide data collection about heavy metal andorganic matter content for all 15 Member States and theaccession countries is under way.

Conclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workEurope-wide harmonization is requested in:Europe-wide harmonization is requested in:Europe-wide harmonization is requested in:Europe-wide harmonization is requested in:�to find an agreement on a common measurement procedurefor pH�to find an agreement on common analytical methods for heavymetal analysis and digestion�to find an agreement to apply Europe-wide sampling strategy�to find an agreement for the elimination of contaminated soilsamples�to find an agreement on criteria to ensure a minimum level ofspatial coverage

Conclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation workConclusions and further evaluation work

Europe-wide evaluation in:Europe-wide evaluation in:Europe-wide evaluation in:Europe-wide evaluation in:

�Soil parent material, using Geographical data in Europe

�Land use units, based on CORINE land cover

�Soil texture classes, based on FAO reference data base

Workshop: Harmonization of sampling and analysis for heavy metalsorganic pollutants and pathogens in soil and sludge

Working groups on current ISO, CEN and national standardsA1) Sampling methods for soil S. Nortcliff ISO/TC 190A2) Sampling methods for Sludge T. White ISO/TC 147B1) Methods for pH, dry matter P. Jennische ISO/TC 190organic matter, nutrientsB2) Methods for pathogens M. De Roubin CEN/TC 308 and micro-organismsC1) Sample preparation ,extraction, P. Gomez ISO/TC 190methods for heavy metals and nutrientsC2) Sample preparation, extraction, R. Leschber CEN/TC 308organic compounds

Overall Conclusions of the workshopOverall Conclusions of the workshopOverall Conclusions of the workshopOverall Conclusions of the workshop

Horizontal approach in standardisation work in Europe

is urgently required

Development of horizontal standards forimplementation of EU Directives on sludge,

soil and treated biowasteResearch & Development Project

within the 5th Framework ProgrammeQuality of Life and Management of Living Resources

Action 5.4: �Support for Common policies � Development of methods of control and surveillance and protection. Pre-

legislative research designed to provide a scientificbasis for Community legislation�

Prepared by ECN (NL), Vivendi (F), DHI (DK),University of Reading (UK), JRC Ispra

TUHH (D), DIN (D)

In close co-ordination with CEN TC 308, CEN TC 223,CEN TC 230, CEN TC 260, CEN TC 292, ISO TC 190,

ISO TC 147, CEN TC 335 and CEN CMC.

With support from UBA (D), ADEME (F), ESART (UK),VROM (NL), BMLWU (A), DHI (DK..

Main Objective of the WorkDevelopment of horizontal and harmonizedEuropean standards in the fields of sewage sludge,soil, contaminated soil and treated bio-wastes tofacilitate regulation of these major streams in thelight of the differing uses and disposal options thatare governed by EU Directives.

PROJECT TEAM

WP 2 Sampling/Pretreatment

WP 4 Biological Parameters

WP 3 Hygienic Parameters

WP 5 OrganicContaminants

Steering Committee

EU DGResearch

CENTC 230 CEN TC260 CEN TC 292 CEN TC308

ISO TC 190

MC�sCo-financing

CEN CS

TC = CEN Technical Committee

MC = Member Country (EU)

EU DG Research ISOTC147 CEN TC 223

Project organisation

Technical andstrategic issues

Financial / contractual issues

MC�sCo-financing

ENV TCChairman &secr. Coord.

Draft EN�s

WP 6 Inorganic parameters

WP 7 MechanicalProperties

WP 8 Leaching tests

WP 9 Data handling and interpretation

WP 1 Sample collection

and preparation

WP 10 Project Management

CEN TC335

Proposed Materials to be studied� Sludge material:

� Wet sewage sludge, part a) de-watered sludge, part b) liquid fraction� Air-dried sewage sludge (same plant as the wet sewage sludge)� Wet water works sludge from the drinking water industry� De-watered water works sludge (same plant as 3)� Sludge from the paper and pulp industry� Lime-stabilised sludge� Synthetic Sludge (specification will be given by work package 6)

� Compost material:� Mixed biowaste including gardening and household-derived biowaste

� Sewage sludge treated soils:� Organic rich, low clay content soil� Calcareous, low organic content soil� Clay rich, low organic and high iron content soil� Coarse textured (low clay content) low organic content soil

Parameter Soil Sludge Treated Biowaste Waste Fertilizers1)Sampling ISO/DIS 10381-1

ISO/DIS 10381-4EN/ISO5667-13

EN 12579 5 WICEN TC 292292001/002/017/18/19

EN 1482

pH ISO 10390 EN 12176 EN 13037 ENV12506:2000(EN)

Dry matter ISO 11465:1993ISO/WD 16720

EN 12880* EN 13039 WI 292014

Organic matter ISO 10694ISO 14235:1998

EN 12879* EN 13039 prEN 13137

Pseudo-total nitrogen(Kjeldahl, Dumas, etc)

ISO 11261ISO 13878

EN 13342* prEN 13654 parts 1& 2

Ammonium-nitrogen ISO 14255ISO/DIS 14256-1,2

WI 308012 prEN 13654 parts 1& 2

prEN 13370

Aqua regia extractionof trace elements

ISO 11466 EN 13346 prEN 13650 prEN 13657

Determination of traceelements

ISO 11047,ISO/CD 16772EN ISO 11885EN 1483EN ISO 11969

ENV 12506(EN)

EN 13366EN 13368-1EN 13368-2

PAH ISO 13877ISO/WD 18287

[ISO13877]

[ISO 13877]

PCB ISO/DIS 10382 [CD10382]WI 308046

[CD 10382] WI 292028

List 1 Horizontal standards for subjects where several standards already exist

Parameter Soil Sludge Treated Biowaste Waste Fertilizers1)

Bulk density ISO 11272:1998 EN 12580 EN 1236EN 1237EN ISO 7837

Electrical conductivity ISO 1126:1994 EN 13038 prEN 13370

Nitrate-nitrogen ISO 14255ISO 14256 -1,2

WI 308013

Pseudo-totalphosphorus

EN 13346 prEN 13650

Bicarbonateextractable P

ISO 11263:1994

Potassium prEN 13650

Secondary nutrients &micro-nutrients

EN 13346 prEN 13650 ??WI 292007 EN 12946EN 12947prEN 13475

C:N ratio

Impurities (plastic,glass, etc.)Dynamic respirationindex

[ASTM D 5975-96]

Respiration activityafter 4 days

List 2 Horizontal standards for subjects where standards have not yet been published

Parameter Soil Sludge Treated Biowaste Waste Fertilizers1)

Salmonellasenftenberg W775

WI 308049

Salmonella spp. WI 308049

Escherichia coliWI 308048

ClostridiumperfringensGerminating weedseeds

[ÖNORM S 2023]

AOX [ISO15009]WI 308047

prEN 13370(EN)

LAS

DEHP

NPE

PCCD/F

LeachingCompliance

ISO/WI xxxxx PrEN 12457Parts 1-4

LeachingCharacterization

ISO/WI xxxxxx WI 292032WI 292034WI 292033WI 292035

List 2 Horizontal standards for subjects where standards have not yet been published

NAME Country ROLE IN CEN OR ISO TC, SC OR WG

Hans van der Sloot NL Convenor of CEN/TC 292 WG 6 BasicCharacterization of LeachingCEN TC 292 WG 2 Leaching testsCEN TC 292 Characterization of WasteConvenor of ISO TC 190 SC7 WG 6 Leaching

Heinrich Langenkamp I

Marie - Renee de Roubin F CEN TC 308 WG 1 TG5

Tim Evans UK Chairman of CEN TC 223 Soil improvers &growing mediaConvenor CEN TC 308 WG3 Characterisationof sludges

Reimar Leschber D Convenor CEN/TC/W G1 �sludgecharacterization methodsConvenor CEN/TC/W/TG 4: �Organic micropollutantsChairman ISO/TC/90/SC 3: �Soil quality,chemical analysisConvenor ISO/TC/90/SC3/WG 9: �Pre-treatment�Liaison officer CEN/TC 308-ISO/TC 190 viceversaLiaison officer CEN/TC 308-TC 292Liaison officer CEN/TC 308-ISO/TC 147/SC 6(Water quality, sampling).

Bill Keevil UK CEN TC 308/WG1/TG5

Knut Wichmann D CEN TC 308 WG2

NAME Country ROLE IN CEN OR ISO TC, SC OR WG

Clive Thompson UK CEN TC308/WG1 and TG1, TG2 and TG5CEN TC230/WG1 and TG7, TG8 TG9and TG 12ISO TC147/SC2 and WG1, WG10(Convenor),WG32, WG33 WG38, WG41ISO TC190/SC3 and WG1 WG4(Convenor),WG6, WG7, WG9ISO TC190/SC7/WG3

David Benanou F CEN TC308/WG1/TG4

Tin Win D ISO/TC 190 SC3/WG 6 and WG 7

Norbert Thomas Litz D ISO TC 190 SC 7 WG 2CEN TC 308 WG 1CEN TC 308 WG 1 TG 2CEN TC 308 WG 1 TG 4

Nis Hansen DK CEN/TC 308/WG 1 and ISO/TC 190

Per Jennische S ISO/TC 190 SC 3

Monica Kisser A Convenor CEN TC 292 WG 3

O. Hjelmar DK CEN TC 292 WG 6 Basic characterizationCEN TC 292 WG 2 Leaching testsCEN TC 292ISO TC 190 SC7 WG6 Leaching

B Cooper UK CEN TC 308

Paolo Battistoni I CEN TC 308 WG 2

CEN CMC, Brussels 1-10-2001

Participation of Consortium Members in CEN and ISO Bodies

CEN TC �..