methods for sampling emissions of dioxins, mercury and heavy metals
TRANSCRIPT
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Methods for sampling emissions ofDioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Outline of the session:
• Sampling using the Standard Reference Method
• Continuous sampling
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Dioxins
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
Furans
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• PCDDs 7 of the 75 PCDDs are specifically toxic• PCDFs 10 of 135 congeners have “dioxin-like”
properties• PCBs 12 have “dioxin-like” properties• The reference congener is the most toxic dioxin
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) whichper definition has a Toxic Equivalence Factor of one.
• The group does NOT include 1,4 dioxin C4H4O2
What are dioxins and dioxin-likecompounds?
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• EN1948 Standard reference method for emissionsmonitoring
Sampling according to EN1948-1:2006Determination of the Mass Concentrationof PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs.Sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Modified method for PCBs
Sampling according to EN1948-4:2007Determination of the Mass Concentrationof PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs.Sampling and analysis of dioxin-like PCBs
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• May be produced in emissions from– Waste incinerators– Cement plants– Steel mills– Forest fires, burning cars
• Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants (POPs)– A suspect human carcinogens (US-EPA)– Long lifetime in the environment– Are difficult to break down
Why monitor dioxin emissions?
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
EN1948-1 Sample train diagram
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
EN1948-1 sample train using Isostack G4
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
EN14385 sample train with Isostack G4
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Isostack G4 automatic isokinetic samplerwith heated probe and box
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Duct survey - suggests nozzle size based upon gasvelocity and temperature profile
• Calculates probe insertion depths based upon stackdimensions
• During sampling - maintains isokinetic velocity at thenozzle
• Alters the operator when the probe must be moved• Logs sampling data
Features of an automatic isokineticsampler
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Time/date• Stack i.d• Stack Diameter• Gas composition• Water content• Nozzle diameter• # of ports and points• Insertion depths
Stored data – about the stack
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Stored data – at each point
• Stack temperature –max, min, average
• Probe temperature• Heated box
temperature• Condenser temperature• Ice box temperature• DGM temperature
• Stack gas velocity– max,min, average
• Stack pressure• Sample line pressure• Sample flow rate• Isokinetic deviation• Stack flow rate (actual)• Stack flow rate (ref)
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Stored data – in summary
• Sample volume at STP• Sample volume at DGM
conditions• Stack differential
pressure• Ambient pressure• DGM encoder impulses• DGM pressure
• Dry and wet actual ductflow rate
• Dry and wet standardflow rate
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Report transferred as XML file that can bedisplayed in a spreadsheetsample of data displayed here
AVERAGE VALUESTotal Points [#] 13
Velocity v'a [m/sec] 21.089[9.766;22.983]
Stack temperature ta [°C] 57.651[42.755;70.292]
Stack Static Pressure Pastatic [kPa] 102.07[102.027;102.123]
Isokinetic Deviation DI [%] 0.064[-1.000;0.866]
Probe temperature tprobe [°C] 28.122[-72.414;111.067]
Box temperature tbox [°C] 24.057[7.290;40.922]
Aux1 temperature taux1 [°C] 147.142[135.334;156.379]
Aux2 temperature taux2 [°C] 201.133[181.497;217.734]
Stack Differential Pitot Pressure dPpitot [Pa] 314.017[134.667;385.312]
Ambient Pressure Pamb [kPa] 102.142[102.142;102.142]
DUCT FLOW RATE
Dry actual QVa [m3/h] 115705[53579;126089]
Moist actual Q'Va [m3/h] 116874[113257;119747]
Moist standard [Tnorm Pnorm] Q'Vn [m3/h] 97285[93952;102860]
Dry standard [Tnorm Pnorm] QVn [m3/h] 96312[93013;101831]
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Uncertainty of data from sampling and analysis hashigh uncertainty. Control of sensors in samplingsystems is crucial
• Each instrument has UKAS traceable annual checksof DGM, pressure and temperature sensors
• In-house checks of sensors periodically• G4 will store these corrections and recalibrations.• Calibration report is exported in XML format
Quality control of sampling systems
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• DECS systems manufactured by Tecora• Dozens supplied in Europe in the last 5 years• Several plants with multiple units installed• France, Italy, Finland, USA• Incinerators, Steel Plants, Cement Plants
Proposed EN1948-5A standard for long-term sampling ofPCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs.
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Dioxin Emissions Continuous SamplerControl Unit Sampling Unit
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Parallel Sampling – two CU and two SU
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Display to program settings
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Set sampling duration or volume
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Display during operation
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Sidestream sampling for Hg and heavymetals
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Automatic sampler used by stack team for QAL2checks
• Comprehensive report of all sampling parameters
• Long term sampling of dioxins• Same high standards of monitoring and reporting of
sampling parameters
Summary of Tecora capabilities
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Stefano Alberti – Tecora– [email protected]
• Dominic Duggan – Quantitech– [email protected]
• Visit our stand 40 and 41 to discuss your applications
Our thanks – Your questions
AQE workshop 13 March 2013