harmonization of methods and measurements (gsp pillar 5) · harmonization of methods and...
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Harmonization of methods and measurements (GSP Pillar 5)
ESP, Rome, 17-18 March 2015
Rainer Baritz
2 ESP, Rome, 17-18 March 2015
Pillar 5 writing team:
Chair: Rainer Baritz o Asia: Hakki Erdogan, Kazumichi Fujii and Yusuke Takata o Europe: Marco Nocita, Bernd Bussian and Niels Batjes o North America: Jon Hempel o South West Pacific: Peter Wilson o GSP Secretariat: Ronald Vargas
− Compiled after expert registration through GSP web site; 2 experts dropped out; 4 additional external reviewers participated
− Chair: also Pillar 4 writing team; cross-link
− PoA proposes the development of an over-arching system for harmonized soil characterization
− Back-up for Pillar 1 (indicators) and Pillar 4 (data products) − 6 recommendations:
Context Pillar 5 PoA
Plan of Action (PoA)
Harmonization provides the ability to describe, sample, classify, and analyze the soil in a way that allows the combined use of the resulting data on a scientifically sound basis. Soil data and information derives from many sources, across time, projects, agencies, and countries.
Definition
Overview Pillar 5 PoA: easy structure
1. Harmonization concept
2. Products in support of Harmonization
Principles for harmonization Recommendation 1 Recommendation 2
Definitions
Key areas
Recommendation 3, 4, 5, 6
3. Governance as closely as possible to Pillar 5
Implementation procedures in the regional partnerships
Develop an over-arching system for harmonized soil characterization as the central objective of Pillar 5. The system builds on and merges existing approaches to describe, classify, map, analyse and interpret soils.
Recommendations
Recommendation 1
GSP Harmonization
Concept
Definitions
Key areas of harmonization
Principles for harmonization
Recommendation 2
Recommendations
Key areas of harmonization
soil profiles, soil classification and soil maps Recommendation 3
Soil sampling and analysis
Interoperability - Exchange of digital soil information
Interpretation and evaluation
Recommendation 4
Recommendation 5
• Reference system for soil profile description
• Reference system for soil classification
• Reference system for soil mapping
Global Implementation Report
Good Practice field sampling, sample preparation and measurement
Global soil information model
Recommendation 6 Catalogue of soil health indicators
Method data base of pedo-transfer rules and functions
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Aim of the Implementation Plan at global level
Develop a framework for uniting the regional harmonization activities: reference material, good practice examples, pathway for partnering, sharing of facilities, global guidance for harmonization principles
Why global? − to facilitate the fitting together of the regional efforts
and products (…Pillar 4-products) − To develop and implement some global-level rules
and procedures: extended and improved ISO-standards and cook-book-style support, e.g. soil information model
Context European Regional Partnership
General background
− Much involvement of European experts in standardization
IUSS WGs
− Experiences from national and European harmonization projects
− Experiences from European and other international networks
⇒ Significant basis and progress on harmonization in Europe
ESBN Forest Soil Expert Panel
TC 190 Soil Quality
- Soil
− European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) and European Environment Agency (EEA) with expert networks
1.a Soil Description
European Soil Bureau Network: Transforming of nationally defined properties from local data bases into „European format“ 1,897 complete soil profiles, which are linked to 1,077
STUs (35 % of EU-15)
Status
Challenges Pillar 5 Many coding issues not solved due to lack of measured
and harmonized soil profile data sets (e.g. texture)
Target: FAO Soil Profile Description (tbd)
JRC/ESBN 1: 1Mio soil map
Belgium Finland
etc.
Status: several countries have conversion methods/reference tables
Challenge: adapt to possibly new targets; many countries lack such methods
1.a Soil Description: Example soil texture
1.b Soil Classification – WRB in Europe
Target: International soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB)
Austria Belgium Bulgaria CZ Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Portugal Scotland/N. Ireland/
Rep. Ireland Slovakia Slovenia
[GS Soil test cases]
Status: Many countries have transformation-/ conversion-procedures developed
Challenges: − prototypes: hardly applied to large
national data bases − national approaches are at a fairly
low classification level
1.c Soil mapping
Target: Harmonized Pillar 4 mapping scheme Status:
Challenges: − Content-related and geometric
impurities − Higher resolutions: not
harmonized/national gaps − “Harmonize” national
maps for new global soil map
− European soil map 1:1 Mio − Vast amounts of national maps
(differ for scales and content) − INSPIRE, but not related to content − Manual 1:250k soil mapping
2. Soil analysis
Status: ICP Forests/FSEP: MANUAL on soil sampling and analysis (mostly ISO)
Intercalibration exercises 1992, 1993, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009 (2007: 42 Parameters, 5 samples; 51 labs registered)
National correlations: Few examples: − Wet oxidation – dry combustion (various countries) − different extractions (BaCl2 vs. NH4Cl) − Comparisons of acid extractions (e.g. Aqua regia vs. HF) − particle-size analysis: Koehn pipette vs. X-ray granulometry
National handbooks: Few examples: VDLUFA 1991, GAFA 2005/2009, Van Ranst et al. (1999)
Calibration exercises ...
Challenges: − European representation of harmonized analytical data sets is
extremely patchy/lack of comparable monitoring results − Application of „central methods“ to new and older data sets is
difficult − Network of reference labs needed/capacity building offers − Reference samples/Reference data sets/method libraries
ISO tested via network
Multiple ways to store data
3. Interoperability – exchange of digital soil data
Status: INSPIRE, ISO 28258 (lead: Europe) National experiences exist (GS Soil)
Challenges: − Ensure compatability of standards with national
approaches − Ensure routine applications − Develop soil thesaurus − Build distributed system
4. Indicators (and applied methods)
− Many national and European initiatives, e.g. EEA/EIONET-Soil/European research: ENVASSO
− Various extensions of existing indicator sets ongoing: Sustainable Development, Climate Change
Status:
Challenges: − Compile and harmonize indicators − Develop criteria, baselines „good
status“, thresholds − Improve information about national
systems in place
4. (Indicators and) applied methods
-95 soil types -1777 soil profiles
Hypres Database of Hydraulic Properties of European Soils
Models are needed to estimate parameters difficult to measure, to convert between analy. methods, and to extrapolate into areas with scarce data: pedo-transfer functions (PTF) pedotransfer rules (PTR)
Catalogue of agreed and coordinated methods (requires testing and validation with representative harmonized data sets…)
Background:
Status: Various national methods are in place; coordination in place for soil hydrology; all other fields not coordinated (national results are not comparable!)
Challenges:
A European implementation plan is needed (e.g. incl. ideas for a network of reference labs)
Existing efforts and project results are under-utilized due to lack of financed follow-up
Involvement in standards-development is often voluntary
Subsequently, active ESP partners are needed to success-fully implement; very active and well-staffed European data centre/node with coordination and support tasks needed
Positive side effects:
GSP provides opportunity to fill long-existing data and knowledge gaps
Harmonized information allows boost for innovation and cross-border understanding, especially in rural areas
Conclusions
