HANDBOOKTOTHE

SITEINVENTORYRECORD

(68‐1Rev.15)

June30,2015

SouthCarolinaInstituteofArchaeologyandAnthropologyUniversityofSouthCarolina

Columbia,SC29208

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Introduction

Welcometothe2015revisionoftheSiteInventoryForm!Thoughthe1985revisionhasserveduswellfor30yearsnow,theArchSiteSteeringCommittee(http://www.scarchsite.org/about.aspx)feltsomekeychangeswereinorder.

Onlyonesubstantivechangehasbeenmade,anditinvolvestheterminologyusedfortheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacerecommendation(A.10.).Wehavereplaced“PotentiallyEligible”with“Eligible”and“ProbablyNotEligible”with“NotEligible.”Thischangealignsthesiteformwithexistingguidelinesformakingeligibilitydeterminations.Anothersetofchangesrelatestomakingtheformreadablebyacomputerthroughopticalcharacterrecognition(OCR).So,forexample,checkboxeshavebeenreplacedwithopentextfields.Pleaserefertotheguidelinesbelowforanappropriatelistoftermsforagivenfield.WealsohavepreparedtheformtobefillableinAdobepdf.

Asalways,pleaseconsiderthefollowingwhensubmittinginformationtotheSiteFilesoffice:

(A) SiteInventoryFormsmustbetypedorcompletedusingthefillablePDFprovidedonline.

(B) Photographs,diagrams,detailedmapsand/ordrawings

submittedwithacompletedSiteInventoryFormshouldbelabeledproperlywith permanentsitenumber,date,andobserver.

(C) SiteInventoryFormsshouldbecompletedandsubmittedas

quicklyaspossible.Formsshouldnotbewithheldpendingresultsofextensive testing,partialand/orfullscaleexcavation.Rememberthatasite inventoryformistheinitialdocumentationofthesite'slocationand generaldescription,notafinalreport.

(D) TheSouthCarolinaInstituteofArchaeologyandAnthropologywill

no longerassignblocksofsitenumbersinanticipationofsitediscoveryduringafieldproject. Sitenumberswillbeassignedonlyifandwhen actualsiteshavebeenidentified.

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FormCompletionNotesState: SouthCarolina,abbreviatedSC

County:self‐explanatory

SiteNumber: permanent,SCIAAassignedsitenumber

RecordedBy: self‐explanatory

Affiliation: nameofagencyand/ororganizationinvestigatorisemployedbyoraffiliatedwith.

Date: self‐explanatory

A. GENERALINFORMATION1. SiteName: self‐explanatory Project: name/titleofsurveyand/orprojectthroughwhichsitewaslocated.

2. USGSQuad:nameofquadmap Date: datemapwaspublishedorupdated/revised Scale: 7.5or15minute3. UTMZone:17(inSouthCarolina) Easting:preferablytheGPSEasting Northing:preferablytheGPSNorthing ReferenceDatum/Year:forexample,NAD27orWGS844. Othermapreferences:listanyotherspecialprojectmaps,historical

maps, o r countyroadmapsusedaslocationalreferences.5. Descriptivesitetype: ageneralstatementofthenatureofthesite.

Typicalcategorieswouldinclude:

Prehistoric Historic

lithicscatter historicscatterceramicscatter homesitequarrysite plantationshellring tradingpostmound industrial/manufacturingrockshelter milldamfishweir cemeteryisolatedfind roadother(specify) bridge‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ fort/palisadeIncludeknown earthworks/embankmenttribalaffiliation isolatedstructureremnant(Catawba,Cherokee,etc.) other(specify)

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐Includeknownaffiliation(Spanish,German,Dutch,etc)

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6. Archaeologicalinvestigation:Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate,forthehighestlevelof archaeologicalinvestigationundertakenatthetimeofformcompletion:survey,testing,orexcavation.

7. Propertyowner:self‐explanatory

Phonenumber:self‐explanatory

8. Address:self‐explanatory

9. Othersitedescriptions:assignedprovisionalnumbers,temporaryfieldnumbers,and/orothernamesassociatedwiththesite.

10. NationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesstatus(eligible,noteligible,

additionalwork):Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.

11. Levelofsignificance(national,state,orlocal):Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.

12. Justification:usedinconjunctionwithNRHPstatusandlevelof

significance. Thisshouldincludeabriefstatementofthesite'sstatusrelativetoNRHPeligiblity.

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B. ENVIRONMENTANDLOCATION

1. GeneralPhysiographicProvince:informationconcerningthegeneral locationofthesiteisrequestedinthissection. Thesearemostreadily interpretedusingthestandardgeologicaldivisionswithinSouthCarolina(seeFig.2).

a. LowerCoastalPlain:TheLowerCoastalPlainexpressesasurface thatisdominantlyoneofprimarytopography. Effectsoffluvialandeolianerosionsubsequenttooriginalemplacementaremostapparent landward,wherelargerlandformssuchasbarrierislandchainsandmarshsurfacescanbenoted,andleastapparentseaward,where individualstormbeachridgesarepresent. Sixterraceshavebeen recognizedontheLowerCoastalPlain:theWicomico(100ft.),the Penholoway(70ft.),theTalbot(40ft.),thePamlico(25ft.),thePrincessAnne(17ft.),andtheSilverBluff(8ft.)(Colquhoun1969:4)

Figure2. ProvincialmapofSouthCarolina(adaptedfromSouthCarolinaWaterResourcesCommission)

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b. MiddleCoastalPlain:TheMiddleCoastalPlainsurfaceisoneinwhichfluvialandeolianerosionhasproceededtothepointthatprimary topographyisconfusing. Relicitsurfaceswhichregionallydepictalluvialfanordeltaic‐shapedlandformscanbevisualizedinexamining thetopography;butminorlandformscannotbeseenwithcertainty. At leastfourterraceslyinginbeltsroughlyparallelingtheAtlanticocean canbenoted: theHazelhurst(250ft.),theCoharie(215ft.),theSunderland(170ft.),andtheOkefenokee(140ft.)(Colquhoun1969:3‐4).

c. UpperCoastalPlain:TheUpperCoastalPlainliesbetweenapproximately550feetmaximumwhereitoverliesthePiedmontatthe FallLineandapproximately250feetminimumelevationseawardattheOrangeburgScarpwhereitliesincontactwiththeMiddleCoastal Plain. MiddleandLowerCoastalPlainterracesintrudeintotheUpper CoastalPlainalongmajorrivervalleys.

d. Piedmont:ThePiedmontisasub‐maturelydissectedplateaulyingbetweentheBlueRidgeMountainstothewestandtheUpperCoastal Plaintotheeast. Elevationsrangefrom200feetinrivervalleysnear theUpperCoastalPlainto700‐1500feetneartheBlueRidge. Althoughlowerandupperdesignationscanbemadeonthebasisof elevation,itisbesttoconsiderthePiedmontasasingleunitconsistingofbroadinterfluvesandlargerivervalleysdrainingtheBlueRidge Mountains(Trimble1974).

e. BlueRidgeMountains:TheBlueRidgeProvinceinSouthCarolina liesonthewesternextremeofthePiedmontandrangesinelevation from1500toover3000feet. Theprovinceischaracterizedbysteepmountainousterraindissectedbydeeplyentrenchedvalleys. Reliefin thisprovinceisextreme.

2. LandformLocation:Landformlocationreferstothephysiographyof

the immediatevicinityofthesite. Forthepurposesofthecurrentinventoryformrevision,theclassificationofsitelocationsisdividedin ataxonomicschemebasedonGeneralPhysiographicProvinces.Withineachprovincelandformsarepresentedwhichmostcommonly occur. Ifaspecificsitesettingdoesnotconformtoacertainclass,then indicateusingaverbaldescriptionofthenatureofthesetting.

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LowerCoastalPlaina. BarrierIsland

1. Duneridges2. Isolateddunes3. Interior4. Pondedge5. Interiormarshedge

Figure3.LowerCoastalPlain

b. SaltMarsh1. Marshplain2. Marshislands

c. Interior‐Riverine1. Island2. Floodplain/Bottomlan

d/Riverswamp3. Riverterrace

Figure5.Interior‐Riverine

Figure 4. Salt Marsh

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d. Interior‐Inter‐Riverine1. Plains2. Ridges3. Hills4. Backswamps

Figure6.Interior‐Inter‐Riverine

MiddleandUpperCoastalPlaina. Riverine

1. Island2. Riverlevee3. Floodplain/Bottomlan

d/Riverswamp4. Meanderscars(in

modernfloodplains)

5. Riverterraces6. Backswamp7. Carolinabayedges

Figure 7. Riverine

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b. Inter‐Riverine1. Ridgetop2. Ridge

sideslope

3. Ridgenose4. Ridgesaddle5. Carolina

bayedge

Piedmont

Figure8.Inter‐Riverine

1. Floodplain/Bottomland/Riverswamp

2. Ridgetop3. Ridgesideslope4. Hollow5. Saddle6. Ridgenose7. Island

Figure9.Piedmont

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BlueRidgeMountains1. Mountain

top(isolated)

2. Mountainslope3. Mountainridgetop4. Mountainridgeslope5. Mountainridgenose6. Stream

floodplainandcove

7. Mountainridgesaddle

Figure10. BlueRidge

MountainsSiteelevation(aboveMeanSeaLevel): self‐explanatory.

3. On‐sitesoiltype: descriptionofsoilbasedonin‐fieldobservation.The followingstandardsoildescriptionsarerecommended:

clay sand loamclay/loam silt loam/sansilty/clay silty/loam gravelsandy/clay/loam sandy/clay organicsandy/loam silty/clay/loam other

Soilclassification:basedonU.S.D.A.SoilConservationServiceSoilSurveyStudies

4. MajorRiverSystem(PeeDee,Santee,Ashley‐Combahee‐Edisto,Savannah): basedontheSouthCarolinaWaterResourcesCommissionmajordrainagebasinclassification(S.C.WaterResourcesCommission1983:51‐53).

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Figure11. MajordrainagebasinsofSouthCarolina(adaptedfromS.

C.Water ResourcesCommission).

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Nearestriver/stream: recordnearestnamedbodyofwater(stream,river, lake,pond,etc.). Ifthesiteislocatedonanunnamedstream,givethenameofthenearestnamedbodyofwaterintowhichitflows.

5. Currentvegetation: Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.

6. Descriptionofgroundcover: self‐explanatory

C. SITE CHARACTERISTICS

1. Estimatedsitedimensions: self‐explanatory

2. Sitedepth: self‐explanatory

3. Culturalfeatures(typeandnumber): shouldincludesuchfeaturesas abovegroundstructures,structuralremains,hearths,pits,postmolds,burials,wells,priviesandsoforth.

4. Presenceof(middenfloralremains,faunalremains,shell,

charcoal): Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate.

5. Humanskeletalremains: self‐explanatory

6. Generalsitedescription: verbaldescriptionofsitetoincludecommentson intrasitepatterningofartifactsandfeatures,specificon‐sitelandform descriptions,environmental/ecologicalobservations,andanyotherinformationpertinenttositecharacterization.

7. Verbaldescriptionoflocation:localarea‐specificdirectionsfor

locatingsite. This shouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththesketchmap.

ATTACH SITE MAP TO END OF FORM

D. ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS

Typeyesorleaveblank.

E. DATA RECOVERED

Totalnumberofartifacts: self‐explanatory.

ATTACH ARTIFACT INVENTORY TO END OF FORM

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F. DATA RECOVERY METHODS

1. Groundsurfacevisibility: Typeyesorleaveblank,asappropriate.2. Numberofpersonhoursspentcollecting: calculatedbymultiplying

numberofpersonscollectingbytotalnumberofhoursspentcollecting.

3. Descriptionofsurfacecollectionmethods:Typeyesorleaveblank,asappropriate.

Typegrid‐‐collectingfromwithingridcoordinatenetworkgrab‐‐expedient,non‐systematiccontrolledsampling‐‐leash,"skirmishline,"etc.other(specify)‐‐anyothermethodofsurfacecollection

Extent‐‐self‐explanatory

4. Descriptionoftestingmethods:MethodSystematic‐‐Unitplacedbygrid,measureddistance,etc. Non‐systematic‐‐Randomplacementoftestunits

TypeShovel,auger,posthole,etc.Givenumberofunitspereachsize(i.e.

number16,size40cmsq). Maximumdepthreferstomaximumdepthofdeepesttestunitpereach sizecategory.

5. Descriptionofexcavationunits:

Number,size,maximumdepthsameasaboveComments‐‐Includeoverallconfigurationofexcavationunits,orientation,andsoforth.

G. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

1. Presentlanduse:(Typeyes,orleaveblank,asappropriate)

Agricultural‐‐toincludeallrowcrops,non‐rowcrops(grain),pasture,orchards,etc.

Forest‐‐self‐explanatoryFallow‐‐abandoned/oldfield

Residential,lowdensity‐‐ruralsettlement,"sparse"suburbansettlementResidential,highdensity‐‐highlypopulated,suburban,"centralcity"

Commercial‐‐toincludeshoppingcenters/malls,merchandising

establishments, storage,warehousing,etc.

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Industrial‐‐self‐explanatory

Other(specify)‐‐toincluderecreational(suchasparks,golfcourses,playgrounds),transportationsupportfacilities(airports,trainstations),government‐ownedreservations,mine/resourceextractionsites,andso forth.

2. Presentcondition/integrityofsite:

TypeIntact‐‐showsminimaldisturbance Damaged‐‐self‐explanatory

Extentofdamage‐‐Light,Moderate,Heavy Natureofdamage—(typeyesorleaveblank)self‐explanatory

3. Potentialimpactsandthreatstosite:

Potentialthreat‐‐self‐explanatoryNatureofthreat—(typeyesorleaveblank)

self‐explanatorywithexceptionofconstruction/development. Ifthreatisbyconstruction/development indicatesite'slocationwithrespecttopotentialdisturbance,i.e.

ImpactZone

directimpactzone‐sitewillbeimpactedbyconstruction/developmentindirectimpactzone‐susceptibletosecondaryimpactor impactrelatedtoconstructionactivities

outsideimpactzone‐withingeneralprojectareabutnot likelytosuffermajorimpacts

indeterminate‐self‐explanatory

4. Recommendationsforfurtherwork(survey,testing,excavations,archival): Typeyesorleaveblank.

5. References:Historic/archivaldocumentation—Typeyes,orleaveblank.Describe.Archaeologicaldocumentation‐—Typeyes,orleaveblank.Describe.

6. Additionalmanagementinformation/comments: othercommentsonsite status,ownership,impactstatus,etc.

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7. Locationofexistingcollections: self‐explanatory8. Locationofphotographs:self‐explanatory

9. Locationofspecialsamples:self‐explanatory

Typespecialsamples: shouldincludecarbon14,geological,pollen,floral,faunal,sedimentological,andsoforth.

Signatureofobserver/Date: self‐explanatory

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Colquhoun,Donald1969 GeomorphologyoftheLowerCoastalPlainofSouthCarolina.

SouthCarolinaStateDevelopmentBoard,DivisionofGeology15.

SouthCarolinaWaterResourcesCommission1983 SouthCarolinaStateWaterAssessment. SCWRCReportNo.

140,Columbia,SouthCarolina.

SouthCarolinaInstituteofArchaeologyandAnthropology1980 HandbooktotheSiteInventoryRecord. Notebook12(1&2).

Trimble,StanleyWayne1974 Man‐inducedsoilerosiononthesouthernPiedmont1700‐1790.

SoilConservationSocietyofAmerica,Ankeny,Iowa.