halden loca test series trial runs-ifa-650 · 2012-11-18 · g m r w institutt for energiteknikk...

Instttutt for energiteknlkkOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

HALDEN LOCA TEST SERIES

HALDEN LOCA TEST SERIESTRIAL RUNS-IFA-650.1

Erik Kolstad

Review meeting. Argonne. July, 2003

File:

g m r w InstItutt for energiteknikk

a;" XOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

LOCA TRIAL RUNS - IFA-650.1

Content* Background / Objectives* Test facility / Instr umtation

Test rig / rodOuter loop

• Pre-test code calculations* Trial runs / results

800 OC 2 runs1100 C - 4 ru

v Summaryjiay I/ Woad 7

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s . 1 ;Institutt for energfteknikk. OECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

Loss of Coolant Studies

The move to high bumup and the introduction ofnew cladding materials have generated a need tore-examine the safety criteria for loss-of-coolantaccidents and to verify their continued validity, Theintegral in-pile tests in the Hafden reactor I1address LOCA issues using ex-L WR high burnumpfuel segments. The Halden experiment will focus oneffects that are different from thosee obtained in ottof-reactor tests.

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INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK

HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

Halden LOCA Experiment (IFA-650)

(USNRC/EPRI/EDF/FRAMATOM-ANP/GNF aIRS N)

Primary objectives

1) Measure the extent of fuel (fragment) relocation into the ballooned regionand evaluate its possible effect on cladding temperature and oxidatfon

2) Investigate the extent (if any) of - "secondary transient hydng" - on theinner side of the cladding above and below the burst region

LOCA (1)* Loss Of Coolant Acciden-t

* 3 Phases:* Slowdown (fuel/core uncovered), decompression* Refill (ECCS systems start)* Reflood (water level above core top)

* Timing: uncovery, quenching, long-term cooling

* Fuel temp. rises -- > cladding oxidation and hydriding:embfittlement (melting) of cladding s fragmentation

a. Safety criteria:* Max. fuel temp. (PCT) not to exceed 2200 F (1i44 C)+ Oxidation of cladding not to exceed 17% of totl clad thickness

* Rod swellingballooning may endanger core metry!coolability

4 Safety requirement: calculated gometry changes stillwarrant core cooling

WvD / Slide 37 HALDEN, August 2000 Lr

TcladLossof

CoolantAccidents

t (minutes)

Al

1 .

Oxidation Temperature (C)1400 1300 1200 1100 1000

OxidationTime (min.)

. . , v w

I I I ITime(s)

-10000

5000

2000

1000

500

200

-100

t -. I, 1Total Oxidation Calculatedwith Baker-Just Eq.H. Uetsuka et al.

J. Nucl. Sci. Tech.20 (1983) 941-950 40%

/

* 20% 15%

-

100

60

30_

20

10

.5

Time

a Failed on Quench0 Survived Ouench

I I_ * -0_- - I - ' %

6.0 7.0 8.0

l/T x 10000 (inverse K) (min.)

Figure X, Failure versus non-failure boundary for unconstrained,

r

10

> jw Inst tutt for energiteknikkOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

Conditions and Schedule* Fresh rods for practicing

-Low pressure for studying of required LHGR, flow and powercontrol, spray, control of PCT, tst termination etc.

- Rod with overpressure to assess ballooning capabilities- More cladding TCs-Fuel TC

e Two high burnup PWR rods- Ca. 150 bar pressure at operating con-ditos

Possibly two temperature levels (800 / 1 Q)* Two high burnup IBWR rods

O One medium bumup BWR rod

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I

1.1!

I T..

I 4

1i

li

Cookn $

~X X Fuel Rod Pressure Transducer

Fuel rod elonqation detecor

X X

I 4 Outlet flow Tube

oolnt l rn spray te~X h 1

> f t | fPressure FskExtra Free Volume i 4 Ote / 16

Flow Separator C1.~ H- oa V1442

xu V1433 j:l; ,,El. Heater 1 4-.5

V 1313 Fue. Fud uitiie T/C V 1306

N| T/ U}818E T l p. V 1322

>) V222. z||9 u w {< ZeterT/: UJp. V1188-5V 1222.5

]119 Ig cbin. T Cedl 12

V 1Q@775 ill

Claddina T/C Lo. V 1017

U " He-3 Coil V858

w Inlet TC R859

Schematic of LCA Test ig

-with Instrument levels



LOCA Trial Runs - IFA-6501

Power calibrations (17 MW & 18 MW)

QA= KG ND ND = (ND1+ND2+ND3)/3KG = QA/ND (kW/nA)

LHGR = QA/LF LF = Fuel length = 50 cm(Gamma heat -5 - 6%)KG (no He3) = 0.90 KG (40 bar He3)

Most runs without He3

File: m:/users/kolstad/overh-landrc.doc

INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKKOECD Halden Reactor Project

LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.1

25. .. 25

-F-L EL UEAR HEAT RATE

E 20o :20

w15 C15

a:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c

4_ _ . .. I.. i.. 6

4-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.l

gZit~ 1o0

.5

0 ~~~~~~~~~~12 6 284 ~ ~ ~ ~ -.

~E- CLADDING ELONGATION (mm)- PSURE SENSOR bar)

3.75 . --J z

03.5 -. 2 Z

UJz

CL 3.25-

LINEAR HEAT RATE (kW/m)


LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.1,800 goo

-F- Fuel Temperature-0- Cladding Temperature

-C- Coolant-Temperature

by 7 P7r;,p 3 coe 00- -600

wcc

W400: 400ccw0.

I-~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~-U> ' LU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~-- F _ _ _ =. - I

LINEAR HEAT RATE (Wm)

Gas Uentral 1 1He b~Van

He|_.VAU4 A-6VA136S VA135~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~87 ;SAl V94

HeV A 636 9 V A t3B t t 2 3 2 83 A 3 ,

VAOS |T 602 ; tVA36 3 5 8

< tVA 0 V~dt~m61 a FVA

t | X 1+1l 62%J7 W WFt be<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"A5 2837 ff, 2306 YA34 X I0 A33

830230S 1 Ln2S 73 rvs > rvA lVAO.ofl VA63, 15kN JM31 VA3302

VA __________~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A

1352 VA1319 VA6381~~~~~~~6146 5 37 Td600a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

VA~~~~~~~~34V

6318~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5

1317 ~ ~ 63

V A 5 V A 0P r8353 6306 VA1302 W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1A301 VA6371

VA

p V~~~~~a H5 V3 8327~~~~~~~~~~~~~lk A8 326

IDl 010110 Ap INr F 021203 RSk |OR EHEReavyIKK W tseOMI R5k C 313 hkOl t&E CoNPEM

0f*r. MM mmwRw -a0311R~ c Loop13, Hevy Water High Press. D-20

-



LOCA Trial Runs - IFA-650.1

Test rig instrumentation

* 3 neutron detector (Va)

* 2 Co-flux detectors

* 2 inlet TCs

* 2 outlet TCs

* 1 He3 coil

* Heated flow separator (w/TCs)

* Flow meter (outer circuit)

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8

l lliE EInstItutt for enerqiteknikk_ f XOECD HALDEN REACTOR PlOJECT

Design Fec#

.

)tures, cont.0

19

Instrumentation -

- claddingsurfaoe therrmocovles- cladding extensometer- pressure sensor- fuel thermocoupt (esh fuel only)

fast response neutron detector

Rod pressure will be close to the normal operatingcoolant pressureThe free volume should be large, representative of theremaining volume in a full-scale fuel rod (<15 cm3)No axial constraint will be provided, but the design mayinclude a grid piece to assess the effect on cooling

Instltutt for energiteknikkXOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

LOCA-TE$T IFA-650.1

PF

EC

TFAxial powerdistribution

TCs

RedIL in~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UJ9- t- i dInS~fumantajtion-gn HI I 1./.3-200 MA . s 'I . .'I .. . .. ... .1 ) , I .. . I. . ... .. , ,

Ten Haw 312O Ms*W"eWt1.S pg*

INSI1TUTT FOR EERGITEKNIKK



Test rod/instrumentation

Rod (Zr4)Length:O.DI1.D:Gap s"Ize:Enrichment:Fill pressure:Free volume:Dished pellets

500 mm9.50/8.36 mm70gmm4 w/o U-2352 bar He15 cc

. . v 9 . .WI

3 Cd TO$1 Clad extensometer1 Fuel thermocoupleI Rod pressure sensor2 Heater thetocoiupiles

XI ..1 X . .3 ,

Institutt for energlteknikkOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

LOCA TESTER-IFA-650.1 OG IFA-650.2

Attachment of clad O.D. thermocouples

Strip Thermocouple

Clad

N e );Miy 125-03 KolWOad.ppt

V

Document ID: EP-1650.1 Issue No.: I1 Confidential grade: HRP only Page 11 of 21

034 Flask Heater Cable

09.5 .,5 / 020 Heater

Figure 3. Cross sectional geometry of the fuel pin, flow separator and pressure tube.

Institutt for energiteknikkOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

3

LOCA TRIAL RUNS - IFA-650,1

In-pile Rig Dump Tank

1 liter70 barNaturalcirculation D20

(1 530 wlom)

Gamma monitor

i / * Shlelded tw4

* Cooled

* Slight ovrpressure (2-3 bar)

* Level gauge

Blow-down line

e 16 m long

* 6-9 mm .D.

* Gamma monitor

* 84a.wdown rate control"M IP I .- _ .. .. . ._ _ .

File: Hill i3d JW i 7I



LOCA Trial Runs - IFA-6501

Pretest code-calculations

* TRAC - BF1 code (PSI)* FRAPTRAN - GENFLOW (VTT)

SCTEMP and ALGOR (Halden)

-.

I Document ID: Title: I Issue No.: IConfidential grade: | Page 7 of 37 |

C TEH PCooe

-v--H V= 2E-4, TSurr= 700 C

A-H Hcn=25E-4. Tsurr= 7 0 C

-*-H. = 2E-4, T. = 500 C

-u- H = 25E-4, Tsrr= 50001

1200

10.

:

IJJ900

700

10 20 30 40

LINEAR HEAT RATE (WIcm)50

Figure 4. Maximum surfixe cladding temperature as afunction of LHR using for differentconvective het transfer coefcients and surroundings temperatures

LOCA-Tests-IFA-650. 1

Cladding temperature transient control by:

- Linear heat rate ( LHR) (10 -40 W/cm)

w Spray system

- Heated flow separator ( up to 20 W/em)

LOCA-Tests-IFA-650. 1

Test scheme for the first rod.

1 - Steady-state operation (10-50 W/cm) withloop 13 connected

2 - Disconnection of loop 13.Natural convection flow3 - Blow-down (< 30 secs) (to dump tank)4 - Heat-up (< 2 mins)5-6-

Peak clad temperatures (PCT) 800-1100 degr.CQuench by spray. Disconnect dump tank

7 - Re-establishment of state 28 - Repeat and re-run

(and 1)

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Institutt for energiteknikkOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

LOCA TRIAL RUNS - IFA-6501

* Blow-down tests at zero power* Power calibrations (-1 8 MW)* Trial runs (5m6 MW)800 0C ( runs)

- 14 W/cm (rod) + 6 W/cn (heater)-1 4 W/cm + 6 W/cm

1100 0C (4 runs)-20- 25

-25- 30

W/cmW/cmW/cmW/cm

+

+

+

+

12 W/cm6 W/em

1 8 W/cm20 Wcm

(heater)

(F

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830830

900930

10301120

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oc)0C)0C)0C)

File: HSoaf 1116-0 WSW 7

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INSTITUlT FOR ENERGITEKMKK

U1200

11501100

1050

1000950

900

850

800

750

700

650

600

:(- 550-50

450

400

350--


IFA-650.1 CLADDING SURFACE TEMPERATURES

From: 2003/0W20 1iQ0To : 2/0W28 28!59

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LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.11 st Run, Ord = 14 W/cm, Qheater = 6 W/cm, TFmax = 8500C

in 11.I I I II 9J

90- -P- CHANNEL PRESSURE- T- COOLANTTEMPERATURE

80-

.0n

cn:

(0CCEL

70-

60-

50-

40-

30-

20-

.9

350

325

300

275

250

225200

175

150

125

*100.75

5025

0~

LJ

a.

10

I-- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~ ~~- -[U--

120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 ...200

12C

10C

0

0~

LUtrD

ILL

8C

6C

-0- LINEAR HEAT RATE OF HEATER-1- TCC1

)0- -2 - TCC23- TCC3 20

-- I -- TCHI

-2-- TCH2-F- TF

-15

10

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

'0 5

A..~~A2 .

-0

LU

I

ZM

40

20

0 120 240 360 480 600 i

TIME (sec)i20 840 960 1080 200


LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.12nd Run Qrod -14 W/cm, Qheater 6 W/cm, TFmax 91 00C

100 ' i* -350

. 32590- -P- CHANNEL PRESSURE

-T- COOLANT TEMPERATURE 30080 275

70 - -…T…- 20 0

20 60 200-

50 175

40 150

U) 800 F TF <r -3 125 w100

P ~~~~~~~~w20- 75 '

5010 ______PP2

4 00 ~~~~120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200

- U - LINEAR HEAT RATE OF HEATER-1- ~TCC1

1000- -2- Tcc2-3- TCC3 20~

-15

D 600-

-10 Lw

0.400-

H,',','~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ z

TIME (sec)


LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.13rd Run, Qrod 20 W/cm, Qheater = 1 2 W/cm, TFm =91 00C

100- . . I . .I . I...I...1..I...I... 350

: . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~32590- -p- CHANNEL PRESSURE

-T - COOLANT TEMPERATURE 30080-: 275

70 T 250225

~60 '10200 a

50 175 CCIr ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~150 ~

D 40co , (1) 1~~~~~~~~~25 w30- 100 2

20 75 F50

10 :_ _ _J 25p -Tp __t

0 .0,. .0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 00

1200- . 25-a- LINEAR HEAT RATE OF HEATER-1- TCC1

1000- - 2- TCC2-3- TCC3 20-- 1 -- TCH1 =

TCH2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C

800-. -F TF / <

w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~

F ~~~~~~~~~~~~10 I-o 00- - / - 1

w n

TIME (sec)


LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.14th Run, rod = 25 W/cm, Qheater = 6 W/cm, TFmX = 960°C

100- . . 350325

90 -P- CHANNEL PRESSURE- T- COOLANT TEMPERATURE 300

80 275

70 ~ P 25070 -- ….-'~~~~~~~~~Doe 225E . |~~~~~~~I ' 1 o

t0 ) 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 200

50- 175

120 . D f 2

T- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~150 D 40U) CCCO 1 2 5 wlu30 a.o~

CC000 2 -TC

(L ~~~~~~~~~~w20 5 I-

lo- ~~~P 50

0 I I I I I l 9 * ' 1 ' .

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 200

LINEAR HEAT RATE OF HEATER-1- ~TCC1

1000- -2- TCC2-3-- TCC3 2-- I -- TCHI--2--TCH20

800- -F- TF

R., -~~~~~15w <

D600-

-10 ww 0.. 400- c

wI-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

200-

20 240 360 48 600 720 84 960 108010

TIME (sec)


LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.15th Run, Qrod = 25 W/cm, cheater = 20 W/cm, TFmax = 11000C

In A .- . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I VJ

90- -P- CHANNEL PRESSURE- T- COOLANTTEMPERATURE

80-.

70

~0LU

C)U)wEr0_

60-

50-

40*

30-

20-

10-

T

350325

300275

250

225

200

175

-150L1 25

-100

~75-50-25

z'

LUcI-

------------U .. . . . . . . . . . . . ..U

- 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 i 080 200

1200

1000-

. . . . . . . . . .

I - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - I'-~ 0L

0

UJ

ccD

ccLUa-LIU

800-

600

-0- LINEAR HEAT RA-1- TCC1-2- TCC2-3- TCC3-- I -- TCH1-- 2-- TCH2-F- TF

-- O fl

TE OF HEATER

-20

-15

-10

.5

fc%.

-0

z

It

400+F

200-

I . . . I

0 i20 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080TIMF (R~A.)

200

U- :, .. -. !-: :


LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.16th Run, Qrod 30 W/cm Qheater = 22 W/cm, TFma, = 12000C

11

U)(n

Er0L

I-

LEwL0~w1

.4

1

1

wa:cc

ccw0-

wIL

0

LU

a:I-

z

TIME (sec)

INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKKOECD HaIden Reactor Project

LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650.1

: :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:

5 rT---I4I~rT-.-, .. . ..

3-;-- Rd pressure SUN3 FMAX= 910 C-6 Rdd pressure FUN6 trFX= 1200C

C')(.0 3.5 ---------------w

0 2 1 . I ..0 2 -CC2.5* |

20 0 0 0 0 0 809010 1010

CLADDING TEMPERATURE (C) Plotted: 20030623 15:26650-1 /plots/eko/pf-cl-temp.plot

$ zz 4 INSTITUlT FOR ENERGITEKNIKIHRs OECD Halden Reactor Project

LOCA Trial Runs, IFA-650. 1,6- .. ..I.- .-| ,.I., ...II .. 6

1- Cladding Elongation RUNi TFM = 8300C-3- Cladding Elongation RUN3 TFMAX = 9100

E -6- Cladding Elongation RUN6 TFMA = 12000 C 5E MA . E

zo z-J t __B y 0

Z 34 < 3 (53

o z0 w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ -' (9h

- :- 3

1 1

0 *20 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200CLADDING TEMPERATURE (C) Plotted, 20030624 13:42

N1. TFUTT FOR EERWGIEKNKK



Summary:

Trial, runs on May 23 (from 70 bar)- 2 runs to PCT = 8000C- 4 runs to PCT = 1 00C

. Loop and rig worked well

. Rod instrumentation worked well* PCT reached by adjusting

- LHGR (1 5 - 30 W/cm)- Heater (6 - 20 W/cm)

. Blowdown times -30 secs* Quench by spray system. Check of axial power profile. Next test in Swteale Ocfobe-

(pressurised PWR rod)

File: m: \users\kolstad\overh.doc

9

Instttutt for energlteknikkOECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

Test Objects

P Pair of rods (50 - 80 MWd/kg, 40 -50 cm length) fromcommercial LWRs to be tested in PWR and BWRconditions, suitable to address possible effect of axialfuel fragment relocation

- when does it occur (blow-down/heat-up, quenching)?- does bonding prevent the movement of fragments?

e Include medium bumup fuel (.40 MWd/kg, less or nobonding) to bridge the gap between low and highbumupVVER fuel envisaged for testing at a later stage

14

Instituti for energiteknikk__ jF OECD HALDEN REACTOR PROJECT

LOCA FUEL BEIAVIOUR TESTS lFA-650 (PWR)

Loading/Materials 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

IFA - 650.1 (PWR)(Fresh rod)

W h =A-650.2 (PWR) - IE

IFA-650.3 (PWR) - P

IFA-650.4 (BWR)B (Fresh rod) l

W V IFA-650.5 (BWR) - p

IFA-650.6 (BWR)

IFA-650.7 (BWR)

Instrumentation: Cladding TCs, 1 PF & 1 ECHe3 coil, Flow control, spray system

J1Tegn HLARY 14/5-2001 M Use SMfSiWd~wWsWWUiK1 0

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halden loca test series trial runs-ifa-650 · 2012-11-18 · g m r w institutt for energiteknikk...

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