h1n1 (swine flu) dr. elsie a. herrera ems physician ems, abqaiq

H1N1 (SWINE FLU)

DR. ELSIE A. HERRERAEMS PHYSICIANEMS, ABQAIQ

04/20/23 2dr. eaherrera/ems abqaiq/10/10/09

EPIDEMEOLOGY

• Over the past several days, cases of swine flu have been reported in Mexico, USA, Canada, New Zealand and a few European countries


TRANSMISSION• the same way as seasonal flu is - from person

to person. • mainly through coughing and sneezing by

people who are ill with the virus. • It may also be spread by touching infected

objects and then touching your nose or mouth.


Signs and Symptoms• are like those of the seasonal flu,

– fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.

– A significant number of people infected virus -also reported diarrhea and vomiting.

– Severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus.


Typical Signs and SymptomsThe incubation period for H1N1 influenza is 1-4 days, possibly as long as 7 days. The clinical features of influenza are well known and include:Sudden onset of fever (usually high); Headache; Extreme tiredness; Dry cough; Sore throat; Runny nose; and Muscle aches and stomach symptoms -- more common in children04/20/23 7dr. eaherrera/ems abqaiq/10/10/09

Cough (98%); Subjective fever (96%); Fatigue (89%); Headache (82%); Sore throat (82%); Abdominal pain (50%); Diarrhea (48%); Dyspnea (48%); and Joint pain (46%).


DANGER SIGNS1. SHORTNESS OF BREATH, EITHER DURING PHYSICAL

ACTIVITY OR WHILE RESTING2. DIFFICULTY OF BREATHING3. TURNING BLUE4. BLOODY OR COLORED SPUTUM5. CHESTPAIN6. ALTERED MENTAL STATUS7. HIGH FEVER THAT PERSIST BEYOND 3 DAYS8. LOW BLOOD PRESSURE9. IN CHILDREN DANGER SIGNS INCLUDE: FAST OR

DIFFICULTY OF BREATHING, LACK OF ALERTNESS, DIFFICULTY IN WAKING UP, AND LITTLE OR NO DESIRE TO PLAY

04/20/23 dr. eaherrera/ems abqaiq/10/10/09 9

DURATION/INCUBATION• People infected with Influenza A (H1NI) may

be able to infect others from 1 day before getting sick and up to 5 - 7 days after. The infectious period may be even longer in some people, especially children and those with weakened immune systems, I.E. DIABETES, POSTCHEMOTHERAPY, CANCER PATIENTS, OLD AGE, IMMUNOCOMPROMISE PATIENTS


SEVERITY• ranges from very mild symptoms -severe

illnesses that can result in death. • The majority -experience the milder disease

and recover without antiviral treatment or medical care.

• serious cases- more than half of hospitalized people had underlying health conditions or weak immune systems.


Age Cases/100,000 Hospitalization/100,000

Death %

0-4 yrs 23 4.5 7 (2%)a 5-24 yrs 27 2.1 48 (16%)

25-49 yrs 7 1.1 124

(41%)50-64

yrs 4 1.2 71 (24%)

> 65 yrs 1.3 1.7 26 (2%)


H1N1 VS SEASONAL FLUSEASONAL FLU H1N1

HIGH RISK- 65 years and older > 25 YEARS OLD THAN OLDERchildren younger than five years old

few deaths reported in people older than 65

pregnant womenpeople of any age with certain chronic medical conditions

unusual when compared with seasonal flu.


PREVENTIVE MEASURES• The following measures are recommended by WHO in order to protect

oneself from Influenza A (H1NI). • (trying to maintain a distance of about 1 meter if possible)• and taking the following measures:

– avoid touching your mouth and nose – clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with

an alcohol-based hand rub on a regular basis (especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surfaces that are potentially contaminated)

– avoid close contact with people who might be ill – reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible – improve airflow in your living space by opening windows – practice good health habits including adequate sleep, eating

nutritious food, and keeping physically active


What about using a mask?• WHO recommends not wearing a mask if you are not

sick. • If you are caring for a sick person, you can wear a mask

when you are in close contact with the ill person and dispose of it immediately after contact.

• Cleanse your hands thoroughly afterwards. • If you are sick and must travel or be around others,

cover your mouth and nose. Using a mask correctly in all situations is essential, because incorrect use actually increases the chance of spreading infection.


Either procedure masks) (respirators such as N-95 or above are not necessary for this purpose). When space and chair availability permit, encourage coughing persons to sit at least three feet away from others in common waiting areas.


http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/images/B000FNGVLE/ref=dp_image_0?ie=UTF8&n=3760901&s=hpc

http://www.birdflusmart.com/individualn95mask.html

What should I do if I think I have the illness?

• Avoid close contact with people who are sick. • Stay home when you are sick. • Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or

sneezing. • Wash your hands frequently. • Practice good health habits including

adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically active.


What should I do if I think I have the illness?

• Stay at home and keep away from work, school or crowds as much as possible

• Rest and take plenty of fluids • Cover your mouth and nose with disposable

tissues when coughing and sneezing and dispose of the used tissues properly

• Wash hands with soap and water frequently and thoroughly, especially after coughing or sneezing

• Inform family and friends about your illness and seek help for household chores that require contact with other people (such as shopping)


When should someone seek medical care?

• if they experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

• if a fever continues more than three days. • For parents with a young child who is ill, seek

medical care if a child has fast or labored breathing, continuing fever or convulsions (seizures).


Is there a vaccine for Influenza A (H1NI)?

• a vaccine is currently in production and may be ready for the public in the upcoming months.

• Vaccine- intranasal


If you need medical attention:

• Contact your doctor or healthcare provider and strictly follow the advice given to you for care.

• If it is not possible to contact your healthcare provider in advance, communicate your suspicion of having influenza A (H1NI) immediately upon arrival at the healthcare facility.

• Take care to cover your nose and mouth during travel.


SAMSO's Response•

SAMSO is liaising closely with the Ministry of Health (MOH) on the status of Influenza A (H1NI) in Saudi Arabia and will communicate information related to Influenza A (H1NI) released by the MOH.

• SAMSO has resources such as• Tamiflu, • isolation facilities, • infection control supplies and well-prepared staff to cope with

cases. • A Pandemic Flu Task Force is addressing issues related to this

outbreak. This is a rapidly evolving situation and SAMSO will provide updated guidance and new information as it becomes available. Saudi Aramco is prepared for managing and treating Influenza A (H1NI) and has a pandemic preparedness plan in place.


SUMMARY


Flu symptomscan include

fever* cough

sore throat runny or stuffy nose

body achesheadache

chills fatigue

sometimes diarrhea and vomiting

* *It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.

SUMMARY: REMEMBER

04/20/2324

dr. eaherrera/ems abqaiq/10/10/09

Emergency Warning Signs In Children: 1. Fast breathing or trouble breathing 2. Bluish skin color 3. Not drinking enough fluids 4. Not waking up or not interacting 5. Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough Fever with a rash


Emergency Warning Signs In Adults: 1. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath2. Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen 3. Sudden dizziness 4. Confusion 5. Severe or persistent vomiting


SOURCES

• Sources:

• 1. WHO : 1. http://www.who.int

2. CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.html


h1n1 (swine flu) dr. elsie a. herrera ems physician ems, abqaiq

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