group dynamics- introduction.pptx

8/10/2019 Group Dynamics- Introduction.pptx

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Presentationon


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Agenda.. Concept of group dynamics

What is group???

Types of group why people join groups??

Group Structure

Theory of group formation

Stages of group formation

Principles of group dynamics

Features of group dynamics

Conclusion


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CONCEPT OF GROUP DYNAMICS

It was founded by urt !ewin to study group decision" group

producti#ity" group interaction" group cohesi#eness and group

communication$ The underlying assumption was that the laws of the

group beha#ior can be established independently of the goals or

specific acti#ities of group irrespecti#e of the structure of the group$

Group dynamics contains two terms% group and dynamics$

Group is basically a collecti#ity of two or more persons$ &ynamics comes from

Gree' word meaning F()C*$

Thus" +Group dynamics is concerned with the interactions of forces among


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What is Grou!!!

T"o or #ore eo$e

Shared goa$s

Peo$e see the#se$%es

As #e#&ers

There is intera'tion

A#ong #e#&ers

Grou


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T(es o) grou


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Per'ei%ing grous* eo$e intuiti%e$( dra"

distin'tions &et"een inti#ate grous+ tas,-

)o'used grous+ $oose asso'iations+ and #oregenera$ so'ia$ 'ategories.

i$$ions o) grous in the "or$d+ &ut the( 'an &e

'$assi)ied into &asi' 'ategories+ or '$usters

/o" are grous '$assi)ied!

Types of Groups


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Types of Groups

Coo$e( 012324 dre" a distin'tion &et"een

ri#ar( and se'ondar( grous

T(es o) grous*

Pri#ar(

Se'ondar(

P$anned 0'on'o'ted and )ounded4

E#ergent 0'ir'u#stantia$ and se$)-organi5ing4


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Congregations" wor'

groups" unions"

professional associations

!arger" less intimate" more

goal-focused groups typical

of more comple. societies

Secondary

groups

Families" close friends"

tight-'nit peer groups"

gangs" elite military

s/uads

Small" long-term groups

characteri0ed by face-to-face

interaction 1 high le#els of

cohesi#eness" solidarity" 1

member identification

Primary groups

ExamplesCharacteristicsType of

Group

(Cooley, 1909)

Types of Groups (contd)


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2rrow and her colleagues 345556 offer a more fine-grained analysis

planned #s$ emergent

Concocted Founded Circumstantial Self-Organizing

Types of Groups (contd)


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Study groups" friendship

cli/ues in a wor'place"

regular patrons at a bar

*merge when interacting indi#iduals

gradually align their acti#ities in a

cooperati#e system ofinterde endence$

Self-organi0ing

Waiting lines 3/ueues6"

crowds" mobs" audiences"

bystanders

*mergent" unplanned groups arising

when e.ternal" situational forces set

the stage for people to join together"

often only temporarily" in a unified

group

Circumstantial

Groups that form spontaneously as indi#iduals find themsel#es

repeatedly interacting with the same subset of indi#iduals o#er

time and settings

*mergent groups

Study groups" small

businesses" clubs"

associations

Planned by one or more indi#iduals

who remain within the group

Founded

Production lines" militaryunits" tas' forces" crews"

professional sports teams

Planned by indi#iduals or authoritiesoutside the group$Concocted

&eliberately formed by the members themsel#es or by an e.ternal

authority" usually for some specific purpose or purposes

Planned groups

ExamplesCharacteristicsType of Group


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Women" 2sian 2mericans"

physicians" 7$S$ citi0ens"

8ew 9or'ers

2ggregations of indi#iduals similar to

one another in terms of gender" ethnicity"

religion" or nationality$

Social

categories

Crowds" audiences" clusters

of bystanders

2ggregations of indi#iduals that form

spontaneously" last for brief periods" and

ha#e #ery permeable boundaries

Wea'

associations

Teams" neighborhood

associations

Wor' groups in employment settings and

goal-focused groups in a #ariety of non-employment situations

Tas' groups

Families" romantic couples"

close friends" street gangs

Small groups of moderate duration 1

permeability characteri0ed by large

le#els of interaction amongst members"

who #alue membership in the group

Intimacy

groups

ExamplesCharacteristicsType of

Group


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Wh( do eo$e 6oin grou!!

The people often join groups since the groups gi#e the members a stability and

enhances their achie#ement capacity$ The main reasons to join a group are%

Have a sense of security

Have a status

Develop Self-esteem

Power

Goal achievement


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Grou stru'ture

Four different aspects of group structure

are%

Norms

Roles

Status

Cohesiveness


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Grou nor#s

Set of beleifs" feelings" and attitudes commonly shared by group

members$ These are also referred to as rules or standards of

beha#iour that apply to group members$ 8orms ser#e three

functions namely

Predi'ti%e- &asis )or understanding

the &eha%iour o) othersRe$ationa$- so#e nor#s

de)ine re$ationshis

Contro$- regu$ate the

&eha%iour o) others


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Grou nor#s Chara'teristi's

)epresents characteristics of group

:asis for predicting and controlling beha#iour of

others

)elated to beha#iours considered important for

their grp

They are applied to all memebrs$


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Ro$e

-#arious parts played by group members$

There are two elements that define this role identity-

)ole Perception-2n indi#idual is e.pected to beha#e

according to his own perception in the group$

)ole *.pectation-It is defined as how others belie#e

one should beha#e in a gi#en situation$


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Status

Status is + a socially defined position or ran' gi#en to groups or group

members by others$, Group members get high status or low status in

the

Group based on their authority and performance$

;igh status members of the group ha#e more freedom to

de#iate from the norms$ This facility enables them to ha#e the

discriminatory powers in decision ma'ing$

!ow status members of the group should not ha#e freedom to de#iate

from the norms as it leads to status ine/uality$


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Group Cohesiveness


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Results

Who won, and why?Did your group act like this Or like this?

Groups with High Cohesiveness Get Better Results!


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Importance of High

Cohesiveness High Cohesiveness

- Unity- Interactive

- Positive Feelings- !ility to "ope with Pro!le#s- $ore Productive

LowCohesiveness- %egative Feelings- $ore Pro!le#s- &ess Productive


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Theories o) Grou For#ation

:alance Theory%

Propounded by + Theodore 8ew-Comb, whichstates that- + Persons are attracted with one

another on the basis of similar attitudes

towards commonly rele#ant objecti#es andgoals$,


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:alance Theory


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E7'hange Theor(

Proounded &( 8 Thai&aunt and 9e$$(:.

This theor( is &ased on re"ard-'ost

out'o#es o) intera'tion &et"een

e#$o(ees.

The intra'tion &et"een eo$e is re"ard.

STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION


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STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION

Me#&ers

get to ,no"

ea'h other ;

set groundru$es

Me#&ers

'o#e to

Resist

Contro$ &(

grou


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PRINCIP


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Cont?

=$The successful efforts to change indi#iduals

sub parts of the group would result in ma'ing

them confirm to the norms of the group$

>$ The pressures for change when strong can be

established in the group by creating a sharedperception by the members for the need for the

change$


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FEATURES OF GROUP

DYNAMICS

Concerned with group

Changes

Rigidity or flexibility

Continuous process


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CONC


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Case stud(

In @A5 " )ichard semler joined S*BC( " founded by his father 4

years earlier" ha#ing 55 employees and manufacturing hydraulic

pumps for ships" producing about D=million in re#enue and tottered

on the edge of ban'ruptcy$

For the ne.t 4 years" top managers constantly sought ban' loans and

fought off rumors that the company was about to sin'$ They also tra#elled = continents that enabled the company to reduce

its cyclical marine business to E5 of total sales$

Today S*BC( has many factories producing range of products

li'e marine pumps" digital scanners" commercial dishwashers" truc'

filters and mi.ing e/uipment for substances ranging from bubble

gum to roc'et fuel$

Customers include 2lcoa"saab"general motors and S*BC( is

regarded as one of the best company in :ra0il to wor' for by press$


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The companys sur#i#al and ultimate success is due largely to a major change in its

management approach$

S*BC( emphasi0ed on < fundamental #alues- democracy " information " profit sharing$ These

#alues helped in gaining confidence on wor' groups as a primary mechanism for managing thecompany$

2fter some e.perimentations S*BC( found that they need >5 employees per factory and all

are di#ided into 5 member group gi#en a major responsibilities for outcomes associated with

their areas$

Costs rose up because of duplication of effort and lost economies of scale$ within a year salesgot doubled "in#entory dropped from4E to =E days"A new products appeared that had been tied

up in )1& for 4 years and the product rejection rate at inspection dropped from


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Fa'tors 'ontri&uted to the

su''ess o) SEMCO@s wor' groups ha#e access to important information li'e

:alance Sheet"P1! analysis" cash flow statements for

his or her di#ision e#ery month$

2ll wor'ers #oluntarily attend monthly classes so that

they can learn to read and understand the numbers$

2nother factor is that although top le#el managers are

strict about meeting the financial targets" wor'ers ha#e

wide latitude in determining the necessary actions and

carrying them out$


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Profit sharing plan" twice a year employees

recei#e about 4> of the after ta. profits for

their di#ision$

*mployees #ote on how to disburse the funds"

which are #isually distributed e/ually$

2 sur#ey was conducted by college graduates by

:ra0ilian maga0ine found that 4> of men and


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TH"

#$%

group dynamics- introduction.pptx

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