GREEN CHEMISTRY

Production of electricity from ammonia

Presented by:

AROSEK PADHI

WHAT IS GREEN CHEMISTRY?

GREEN CHEMISTRY, ALSO CALLED SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY, IS AN AREA OF

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSED ON THE DESIGNING OF PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES THAT

MINIMIZE THE USE AND GENERATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.

HOW DOES IT

HELP US ?

Well……………

PRINCIPLES OF GREEN

CHEMISTRY

•IT IS BETTER TO PREVENT WASTE THAN

TO TREAT OR CLEAN UP WASTE AFTER IT

IS FORMED.

•SYNTHETIC METHODS SHOULD BE

DESIGNED TO MAXIMIZE THE

INCORPORATION OF ALL MATERIALS

USED IN THE PROCESS INTO THE FINAL

PRODUCT.

•WHEREVER PRACTICABLE, SYNTHETIC

METHODOLOGIES SHOULD BE DESIGNED

TO USE AND GENERATE SUBSTANCES

THAT POSSESS LITTLE OR NO TOXICITY

TO HUMAN HEALTH AND THE

ENVIRONMENT.

•ENERGY REQUIREMENTS SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND SHOULD BE MINIMIZED. SYNTHETIC METHODS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.

•A RAW MATERIAL OR FEEDSTOCK SHOULD BE RENEWABLE RATHER THAN DEPLETING WHEREVER TECHNICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY PRACTICABLE.

•ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES NEED TO BE FURTHER DEVELOPED TO ALLOW FOR REAL-TIME, IN-PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL PRIOR TO THE FORMATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

THE FATHER OF GREEN

CHEMISTRY

ANASTAS T. PAUL

ANASTAS IS KNOWN WIDELY AS THE "FATHER OF GREEN CHEMISTRY" FOR HIS GROUND-

BREAKING WORK ON THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS THAT ARE

NON-HAZARDOUS AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN. HE IS ALSO A CHAMPION OF

SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND INNOVATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

THE RESEARCH WAS DONE BY THE HYDROGEN ENERGY CARRIER TEAM OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTITUTE, PART OF

JAPAN'S NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY (AIST), IN COLLABORATION WITH THE INSTITUTE OF FLUID SCIENCE,

TOHOKU UNIVERSITY.

HOW DOES IT WORK ?

PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM

AMMONIA

IT WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF

DIFFERENCE OF TEMPERATURE USED IN OCEAN THERMAL

ENERGY CONVERSION.

LET’S GET

DEEPER!!!

IT IS A CYCLIC PROCESS THAT

CONSISTS OF SEVERAL STEPS:

PUMPING OF

AMMONIA

HEATING OF

AMMONIA

NH₃

THE RUSE IS SPIRALLY COILED INSIDE THE ALUMINIUM BOX WHICH INCREASES THE RMS

VELOCITY OF THE MOLECULES

THE PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING THE PRESSURE

GAUGE

IF PRESSURE IS MORE,

AMMONIA IS PASSED TO

THE HCl TANK

IF THE PRESSURE IS OPTIMUM, IT IS MADE TO FALL ON THE ROTOR AND ELECTRICITY IS PRODUCED

LET’S SUM IT ALL UP…

HEATING

MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE

NH₃ PASSED TO HCl TANK

ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED

PUMPING

IT IS A CYCLIC

PROCESS

BENEFITS OF THIS METHOD

COST EFFECTIVE

USES A REPLENISHABLE

AND EASILY AVAILABLE

RESOURCE - NH3