Grammar

UnitUnit

11

infinitive, verb-ed and verb-ing

Step1.Lead-in

Laughter is good for our health. So l love comedies. With everything prepared, I will perform in the comedy to be put on this weekend. Acting in a drama will be an unforgettable experience.

What are the functions of the parts in red?

object complement

attributivesubject

1. In my opinion, it is important _________(learn) English well.

2. The play ___________(direct) by Tom is very interesting.

3. Before the New Year, we had our house __________(clean).

4. It is no good ___________(play) too much computer game.

5. The library ___________(build) now will be completed next month.

to learn

directed

cleaned

playing

being built

step2.practice

Filling the blanks using the correct verb forms.

Step3.Explaining The to infinitive is often used as the subject of a sentence. When we talk about a general idea, we sometimes use verb-ing as the subject.

To see is to believe.Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.

In the following sentence pattern, we use “to do” as the subject:

It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do

1.尊重人们是重要的。

2.对于我来说知道如何使用电脑是必要的。

It is important to respect people.

It is necessary for me to know how to use a computer.

But in the pattern“It is no use/ no good doing” we use “doing” as the subject.

eg. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no good arguing with him.

Compare the sentences and find out the difference between “v.-ed” and “v.-ing” as attributives.

1.The case belonging to Tom looks very strange.

2.The box wrapped in colored paper looks strange.

1.The movie to be issued next month is said to be very interesting.

2.The book published last month is an interesting one.

Step5.summary

When we use non-finite as attributives:

v-ed—passive meaning / complete action

v-ing—active meaning/ continuous action

to do—action that will happen in the future

Step6.Practice: The building _______________(build) next year will be a new school. The building ___________________ (build) now will be a new school. The building _________________ (build) last year is a new school now.

to be built

being built

built

Study the following sentences and tell the difference between “(to) do”, “doing” and “done” as object complement.

1. We saw him dance in the street yesterday.

When I passed him, I heard him singing.

I found him hurt in the accident.

2. The boss had him carry out the difficult task.

He had the little boy waiting for three hours.

We had the job finished on time.

With + n. + object complement

Have a try: (use the correct form of “solve”)

With a lot of problems _______________, the boss is worried.With a lot of problems _______________, the boss is very happy.With a lot of experts _______________ the problems for him, the boss is relaxed.

to solve

solved

solving

翻译句子1.明天要召开的会议很重要。2.起床早对你有好处。3.我经常听见他在隔壁唱歌。4.有这么多问题要解决，我不能和你一起去看电影了。5.那条污染的河流位于城市的东面。6.跟他争论是没有意义的。7.没有收到他的回信，我决定再写一封。

Work in pairs. Make up a short story using non-finite. You should at least cover some non-finite verbs of different functions.

Preview Project