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Steve R. Meyer, Ph.D. Paragon Economics, Inc.
World Pork Expo 2012
Grains Situation and Outlook
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First major cost paradigm shift since ‘73-’74
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Some would blame this on higher oil prices
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Before I go on -- an important statement
I am NOT opposed to ethanol
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First – an important statement
I am NOT opposed to ethanol
I DO PREFER IT AGED IN OAKEN BARRELS OR PRETTY GLASS BOTTLES!
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But we now have a direct link of corn to oil
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2007 RFS – A hodge-podge of mandates . . .
. . . Starch-based is the critical one – for now
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Ethanol used more corn than F/R in ‘10 & ‘11
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Last year’s ethanol output – PROFITS!
Ethanol: $2.33/gal Corn: $5.22/bu Natural Gas: $1.98/mmBtu
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Ethanol output has run ahead of the RFS!
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Distillers had to export the excess output!
Source: Renewable Fuels Assn.
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Main customers: Brazil and Canada
Source: Renewable Fuels Assn.
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We expect little change in ethanol usage
Already above RFS
Have completely saturated E10 market
E15 approved BUT NOT ACCEPTED by retailers – year limitations, liabilities
NO INCENTIVE for new plants
KEY ISSUE: Calling corn-based ethanol an “advanced biofuel” and carving out some more mandate– BAD DEAL!!!
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Feed demand should increase in 2012-13 . . .
Higher hog numbers
- SLOW growth in sow herd
- 2%-plus productivity gains
More chickens – NOT rapid
- Year-over-year increases beginning in June
- +2-4% from June ‘12 thru 2013
Turkeys – steady to slightly growing
Lower cattle on feed but these have less impact than they once did – DDGS, others
. . . But not by USDA’s 900 mil. bushels!!!
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World stocks have tightened steadily
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But stocks/use ratios are MUCH tighter!
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The big question: How much will China take?
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Once a BIG exporter – now an importer . . .
. . . FOREVER (???) and likely a LARGE one!
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Historical corn exporters – U.S. smaller . . .
. . . Brazil now a player, China disappeared
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Even though China’s output is 60% of U.S.!
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Primary cause of current situation . . .
. . . Two straight below-trend U.S. yields
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Pushed cash corn to record highs in ‘10
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Corn stocks to use ratio near historic lows
- 23 -
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Incentive to plant corn – record acres -- ?
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Planting was completed in record time
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Emergence has been near a record pace
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There were concerns about moisture – 4/24
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Now better but a bit dry in a lot of places . . .
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Corn crop condition is near record high . . .
. . . ‘07 and ‘10 were actually better on 6/3
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2012 yield – which trend do you want . . .
Biotech is 163.7, ‘60-’11 is 159.1, 4° poly = 158
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May WASDE – First yield estimate was BIG
2010/11
USDA
April USDA May
%Chng vs.
'10-'11
Acres Planted Mil A 88.2 88.2 NA 95.9 8.7%
Acres Harvested Mil A 81.4 81.4 NA 89.1 9.5%
Yield Bu/A 152.8 152.8 NA 166.0 8.6%
Beginning Stocks Mil Bu. 1708 1708 NA 851 -50.2%
Production Mil Bu. 12447 12447 NA 14790 18.8%
Imports Mil Bu. 28 27 NA 15 -44.4%
Total Supply Mil Bu. 14182 14182 NA 15656 10.4%
Feed & Residual Mil Bu. 4793 4550 NA 5450 19.8%
Ethanol for fuel Mil Bu. 5021 5000 NA 5000 0.0%
Non-Ethanol FSI Mil Bu. 1407 1405 NA 1425 1.4%
Exports Mil Bu. 1835 1700 NA 1900 11.8%
Total Usage Mil Bu. 13055 12655 NA 13775 8.9%
Carryover Mil Bu. 1128 851 NA 1881 121.0%
Stocks/Use 8.6% 6.7% NA 13.7% 103.1%
Nat. Wtd. Avg. Farm Price $/Bu. 5.18 5.95 - 6.25 NA 4.20 - 5.00 -24.6%
U.S. CORN SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION - MAY2011/12
Estimate
2012/13
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March 1 stocks were tightest since 2007
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USDA’s current price forecasts is high . . .
. . . Relative to historical S/U’s of 13-14
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Historical prices vs. stocks/use ratios
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Yield scenarios – could see LOW prices
USDA, MayBiotech
Yield
'60-'11
Trend Yield'11 Yield
Acres Planted Mil A 95.9 95.9 95.9 95.9
Acres Harvested Mil A 89.1 87.7 87.7 87.7
Yield Bu/A 166.0 163.7 159.1 147.2
0.0
Beginning Stocks Mil Bu. 851 851 851 851
Production Mil Bu. 14790 14364 13961 12917
Imports Mil Bu. 15 15 15 15
Total Supply Mil Bu. 15656 15230 14827 13783
Feed & Residual Mil Bu. 5450 4800 4700 4600
Ethanol for fuel Mil Bu. 5000 5000 5000 5000
Non-Ethanol FSI Mil Bu. 1425 1420 1420 1405
Exports Mil Bu. 1900 2000 2000 1700
Total Usage Mil Bu. 13775 13220 13120 12705
Carryover Mil Bu. 1881 2010 1707 1078
Stocks/Use 13.7% 15.2% 13.0% 8.5%
Nat. Wtd. Avg. Farm Price $/Bu. 4.20 - 5.00 <4.00 4.00-4.25 5.30-5.80
CORN SUPPLY, UTILIZATION & PRICE SCENARIOS
2012-13 Scenarios
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World soybean situation MUCH different . . .
. . . Pending, of course, the U.S. crop
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Near-record SB stocks, HIGH stocks/use
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China is even more important to soy trade!
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Higher S/U ratio but HIGHER price = Demand
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But beans were underprices vs. corn . . .
. . . We attribute most of the rally to this
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Soybean S&U – Lower acres, TIGHT supplies!
2010/11 2011/12
USDA
April
USDA
May
% Chng
vs '11-12
Acres Planted Mil A 77.4 75.0 NA 73.9 -1.5%
Acres Harvested Mil A 76.6 73.6 NA 73.0 -0.8%
Yield Bu/A 43.5 41.5 NA 43.9 5.8%
Beginning Stocks Mil Bu. 151 215 NA 210 -2.3%Production Mil Bu. 3329 3056 NA 3205 4.9%
Imports Mil Bu. 14 15 NA 15 0.0%
Total Supply Mil Bu. 3495 3286 NA 3430 4.4%
Crushings Mil Bu. 1648 1645 NA 1655 0.6%
Exports Mil Bu. 1501 1315 NA 1505 14.4%
Seed Mil Bu. 87 86 NA 89 3.5%
Residual Mil Bu. 43 30 NA 36 20.0%
Total Usage Mil Bu. 3280 3076 NA 3285 6.8%
Carryover Mil Bu. 215 210 NA 145 -31.0%
Stocks/Use 6.6% 6.8% NA 4.4% -35.3%
Nat. Wtd. Avg. Farm Price $/Bu. 11.30 12.35 NA 12.00 - 14.00 -0.8%
Soybean Oil Price Cents/lb. 53.2 53.50 52.50-56.5 0.0%
Soybean Meal Price $/ton 345.52 360.00 335 - 365 -4.2%
U.S. SOYBEAN SUPPLY & UTILIZATION - MAY2012/13
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BIG question: Is this actually the demand?
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We do not expect meal to get cheap
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What country is the #2 wheat producer?
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What country is the #2 wheat producer?
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Wheat exports – Driven by RUSSIA!
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Wheat is in ample supply worldwide
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Near record stocks, comfortable stocks/use
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And wheat is NOT keeping up with corn . . .
. . . and is now a feed grain in U.S. – always?
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Winter wheat conditions are VERY good
U.S.: 52% good/excellent, 82% fair+ (vs. 34% and 56% last year!)
Hard Red Wheat areas:
- Texas: 26% good/excellent, 58% fair+
- Oklahoma: 72% good/excellent
- Kansas: 40% good/excellent
- Colorado: 39% good/excellent
Soft Wheat areas:
- Illinois: 72% good/excellent
- Missouri 63%, Ohio 51%
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Higher output = lower prices = higher usage
USDA April USDA May
%Chng
vs. '10-
'11
Acres Planted Mil A 53.6 54.4 NA 55.9 2.8%
Acres Harvested Mil A 47.6 45.7 NA 49.2 7.7%
Yield Bu/A 46.3 43.7 NA 45.7 4.6%
Beginning Stocks Mil Bu. 976 862 NA 768 -10.9%
Production Mil Bu. 2207 1999 NA 2245 12.3%
Imports Mil Bu. 97 120 NA 120 0.0%
Total Supply Mil Bu. 3279 2982 NA 3133 5.1%
Food Mil Bu. 926 930 NA 945 1.6%
Seed Mil Bu. 71 79 NA 73 -7.6%
Feed/Residual Mil Bu. 132 180 NA 230 27.8%
Domestic Usage Mil Bu. 1128 1189 NA 1248 5.0%
Exports Mil Bu. 1289 1025 NA 1150 12.2%
Total Usage Mil Bu. 2417 2214 NA 2398 8.3%
Carryover Mil Bu. 862 768 NA 735 -4.3%
Stocks/Use 35.7% 34.7% NA 30.7% -11.6%
Nat. Wtd. Avg. Farm Price $/Bu. $5.70 $7.25 NA 5.50 - 6.70 0.7%
2010/11
U.S. WHEAT SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION - MAY
2010/11
Estimate
2011/12
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From information, knowledge
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Summary Corn is strictly a weather situation
- Early planting takes away some risk
- Good yield – near $4, perhaps a bit lower
- 2011 yield – near $6
- A real drought -- $8 could still happen
- Counting on big exports to China
Soybeans – fighting for acres and probably losing
- Normal yield will still get us $13 beans
- Meal in the $350-$400 range likely
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Summary – continued
Wheat – now a feedgrain much of the time in the U.S.
- Grown everywhere in the world, planted and harvested somewhere about every day
- $5-$6 wheat is profitable in other countries
- Russia is the key – drives exports
- HRW crop has deteriorated some but is still very good – and FAR BETTER than in ‘11
- Even with lower corn, wheat will be competitive in AREAS and at certain TIMES
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Key issues for ‘12 have not changed much. . .
Domestic demand – LFTB-BSE, U.S. economy, consumer income levels
Exports – World economy, exchange rates, trade policy, disease status
Feed prices –2012 acreage, moisture situation and yields, SBM costs
Supplies – Inventories, potential profits, productivity, herd health, weights, constraints
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LIVESTOCK & MEAT
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Broiler production is DOWN 5.2% YTD
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Pork production is now UP 2.2% YTD
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Beef production is DOWN 2.9% YTD
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Turkey production is up 2.3% YTD . . .
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Total supply is DOWN 2.3% & exports are up
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Freezer stocks: +7.5% & highest since ‘08 . . .
. . .Beef + 17, pork +20, turkey +20, chicken -18
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Some demand factors are positive (?) - GDP
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Consumer sentiment: Highest since Feb . . .
. . . How will U-rate rise impact it?
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Food spending is rising again
Grocery store sales +2.9%, yr/yr in April
Foodservice sales +8.5%, yr/yr in April
April combined: +5.6% yr/yr
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RPI is better but fell slightly in April . . .
. . . with Current Situation Index down 1 pt.
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Domestic meat demand improved in ’11 . . .
. . . ‘12 thru April is mixed
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Real PDI is still stagnant – and . . .
. . . May revisions show that it is WORSE!
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Getting some help from gasoline prices . . .
. . . +8.1% yr/yr YTD mid-April, since then 3.8%
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Impact of LFTB
LFTB was negative publicity for MEAT, not just ground beef
Took 400-500 million pounds out of lean beef supply
At 3:1 conversion and 75% abandonment, put 900 million pounds of 50s back on the market – now appears permanent
BSE was a non-factor in spite of what some media tried to make it
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Not hard to see the impact!
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Record-high retail prices – good but have . . .
. . high retail prices strangled movement?
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WORLD DEMAND
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Dollar Index futures are up 12% since Sept . .
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The peso and won have lost value AGAIN . . .
. . . yen and renminbi remain strong
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Competitor currencies have weakened . . .
. . . Especially the real – down 34% from July
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Pork exports: up 23% in ‘11, RECORD LARGE . . .
. . . Any growth in 2012 will be a victory
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Pork exports +17%, led by China/HK at +112%
. . . Canada +28%, Mexico +15%, Japan +3.4%
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Beef exports were RECORD LARGE in 2011
U S BEEF AND VEAL EXPORTSCarcass Weight, Annual
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
Bil. Pounds
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Beef: More markets but slower shipments . .
. . . Total -12% thru March – Korea, Mexico
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Broiler exports were RECORD LARGE in ’11 . . .
U S BROILER EXPORTSRTC, Annual
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
Bil. Pounds
. . . And will remain roughly level thru ‘13
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Chicken exports are up 13.5% thru March . . .
. . . Led by China, Mexico, Russia and CIS
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Current cost estimates – Mid-$80s for ‘12
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Fed cattle costs near $140 by Q3-Q4
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CHICKEN
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Brdr flock is up 5% from November but . . .
. . . is still 6% smaller than a year ago
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AGGRESSIVE broiler cuts since mid-summer. .
DOWN 4.7% YTD 2012
Are -4.0% YTD 2012
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AGGRESSIVE broiler cuts since mid-summer. .
DOWN 5.4% YTD 2012
But production is down
only 5.4% YTD
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Heavy (8-9 lb.) birds will be more the norm . . .
. . . Efficiencies – but more breast meat
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Broiler cutout went above $100 4 wks ago. . .
. . . traction from cutbacks has been slow
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Bls/Sknls breasts hit $150 last 5/18 . . .
. . . $160-165 in Aug-Sept, $145-150 in Q4
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Wings have been the HUGE surprise . . .
. . . Down to $170 this summer, up to $180 Q4
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CATTLE & BEEF
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Beef and cattle
Worst of LFTB is behind us – lingering demand impact on 50s
BSE case was a non-event
Higher feedlot inventories will continue to provide LOWER steer-heifer numbers
Though disappointing in March and April, the Choice cutout is back above $195
Lower supplies through 2014 – will still push beef prices up as demand rebounds
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Last summer’s drought is STILL the driver
State Beef Cows
(Thousand)
TX 5025
OK 2036
KS 1478
FL 926
CO 727
AL 659
GA 502
MS 495
NM 488
LA 461
NC 351
SC 184
AZ 180
Total 13512
Share 43.8%
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May 1 COF was down 1% -- 1st time in 2 yrs. . .
. . . How to reconcile with LOWER slaughter?
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Str/Hfr slghtr down yr/yr in 42 of last 46 wks.
. . .and is down 5.0% YTD – HORRIBLE margins
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No turn-around in sight for availability. . .
. . . Per-cap down 2-3% in ‘12 and 3%+ in ‘13
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Choice cutout was headed for $200-plus . . .
. . . But was “slimed” – again above $195
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FC supplies on Jan 1 were down 4% from ‘11
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Record-high calf prices have barely blinked
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BIG, BIG incentives to grow the cow herd!
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Heifers retained were 1.4% lower than in ‘11
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Pasture conditions are improving – Exc West
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Higher cattle/beef will last through 2014!
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
HOGS & PORK
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
March H&P report – close to expectations. . .
Category 2011 2012
12 as Pct
of '11
Pre-
Report
Actual -
Estimate
Inventories on March 11
All hogs and pigs 63684 64872 101.9 101.7 0.2
Kept for breeding 5788 5820 100.6 100.3 0.3
Kept for market 57896 59052 102.0 101.8 0.2
Under 50 lbs. 18863 19332 102.5 101.5 1.0
50-119 lbs. 16060 16456 102.5 101.9 0.6
120-179 lbs. 12361 12569 101.7 101.9 -0.2
180 lbs. and over 10612 10695 100.8 102.1 -1.3
Farrowings2
Dec-Feb sows farrowed 2843 2877 101.2 100.7 0.5
Mar-May Intentions 2917 2890 99.1 100.2 -1.1
Jun-Aug Intentions 2927 2880 98.4 100.3 -1.9
Dec-Feb Pig Crop1 27866 28681 102.9 102.4 0.5
Dec-Feb pigs saved per litter 9.8 9.97 101.7 101.7 0.0
*Thousand head **Thousand litters
USDA Quarterly Hogs and Pigs ReportMarch 30, 2012
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Litter size growth 2.0% over past 4 years. . .
. . . How high can litter size go?
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
YTD slaughter within 0.1% of expected. . .
. . . But look at April-May – summer +2-2.5%
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Wts. remain high but will fall seasonally . . .
. . .‘12 increases: weather, margins, matrixes
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
YTD pork production is +2.2% from 2011
. . . And I expect +2.5 to3.0% rest of ‘12
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Cutout value has rebounded . . .
. . Normal rally? Now very small -- $92 in Aug?
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Hog prices dipped below $80. . .
. . . But can still get to $90-$94 in August
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
‘12 profits reached $19/hd in mid-Feb . . .
. . .-$5/hd 2 wks ago, now +$5.70/hd
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Price forecasts have been lowered . . .
. . . But have they been lowered enough?
Mizzou ISU LMIC Paragon CME
Producer-Sold
Net Price, All
Methods
Ia-Mn Wtd.
Avg. Base
Lean Hog1
National Wtd
Avg. Base Price
National Net
Neg'd Price,
Wtd. Avg.
CME Lean Hog
Futures
6/4/12
2011 Q1 80.54 78.92 79.74 80.91 81.54**
Q2 92.36 89.37 89.53 94.89 93.97**
Q3 95.59 92.31 92.25 97.61 97.49**
Q4 87.39 85.94 85.17 87.92 88.11**
Year 89.12 86.64 86.40 86.40 90.28**
2012 Q1 86.56 84.27 84.36 86.11 86.44**
Q2 88-92 89-92 86-95 89-93 85.20
Q3 89-93 89-92 91-96 90-94 89.24
Q4 81-85 80-83 82-88 82-86 81.26
Year 86-89 86-88 87-91 87-90 85.54
2013 Q1 83-87 83-86 84-90 83-87 82.001Prior to Q2-11, ISU forecasts were Ia-Mn Live Price converted using a 75% yield **Average of CME Lean Hog Index
March 2012 Hogs & Pigs - Price Forecasts
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Risks to the outlook
Export disruption – not even a major one would have a big impact
More LFTB-type, libelous crap
Poor growing weather and below-trend crop yields
For cattle: Worsening of drought
For hogs: Any problem with a packing plant in Q4 of 2012 or 2013, BH growth > 1% in 2012
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
Questions or Comments?
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From information, knowledge
Paragon Economics, Inc.
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