Grade 8 ELA

K Peeples

PART ONE:PART ONE:

Techniques, styles, or word choicesan author or poet makes in order to

communicate with the audience

assonance rhymealliteration refrainonomatopoeia imagery

ASSONANCE

Repetition of the same vowel sound(s) in a sentence or line.

Mark the examples of

assonance in #1 on your

worksheet.

ALLITERATION

Repetition of the same consonant sound(s) in a sentence or line.

Mark the examples of

alliteration in #2 on your

worksheet.

ASSONANCERepetition of the

same vowel sound(s) in a sentence or line.

“How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,

Till rising and gliding out I wander'd off by myself.”

(Walt Whitman,“When I Heard the Learn’d

Astronomer”)

ALLITERATION

Repetition of the same consonant sound(s) in a sentence or line.

“While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.”

(Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven”)

ASSONANCERepetition of the

same vowel sound(s) in a sentence or line.

Remember … Assonance begins

with “A,” and “A ” is a vowel.

ALLITERATION

Repetition of the same consonant sound(s) in a sentence or line.

Remember … Tongue Twisters

need alliteration!“Peter Piper picked …”

Using words that imitate (make) the same sound they describe.

Find the examples of onomatopoeia in the lines from Edgar Allan Poe’s poem “The Bells.”(#3 on your worksheet.)

What sound is being created?

Which words are making that sound?

bells

RHYME SCHEME: the pattern of end rhymes in a poem

END RHYME: “matching” vowel or consonant sounds at the end of each line (usually in at least 2 different schemes)

INTERNAL RHYME: words or sounds within one or two lines that rhyme with each other

To keep track of the pattern of rhymedsounds at the ends of the lines of a poem, weuse letters to mark words that rhyme with eachother.

Twinkle, twinkle, little starHow I wonder what you areUp above the world, so highLike a diamond in the sky

This is an example of end rhyme.

Twinkle, twinkle, little starHow I wonder what you areUp above the world, so highLike a diamond in the sky

Which lines rhyme? 1 and 2; 3 and 4

Mark the first pair with “a.”

Mark the second pair with “b.”

a

a

b

b

INTERNAL RHYMES are rhymed words that arefound in the same line of a poem. They are notmarked with letters, but they may be

underlinedor circled.

Back into the chamber turning,

all my soul

within me burning -Edgar Allan

Poe, from “The Raven”

This is an example of internal rhyme. Which words rhyme in these lines?

A repeated sound, word, phrase, line, or group of lines.

Refrains may be used to build rhythm, to increase suspense, or

to emphasize a theme.

Refrains can be found in just about any song’s lyrics – religious songs, rock

songs, country songs, chorus songs, R&B songs …

Using language (words & phrases) that DESCRIBEDESCRIBE places, people, etc

Might include descriptions about:Color (visual imagery)Sounds (onomatopoeia)Touch (rough, smooth, cool, warm, etc)Smell (sweet, flowery, perfumed, etc)Taste (bitter, sweet, sour, etc)

MOST MOST COMMONCOMMON

Annotate the poem “Long Island Sound” for examples of imagery.

PART TWO:PART TWO:

Poems can take many forms.

Some poetic forms are named for the way that the poem itself actually looks.

A diamante poem is shaped like a diamond: ___

_____ ___________ _______________ ___________ _____

___

An acrostic poem has lines whose 1st letter spells out the subject of the poem. S_____________, C_____________, H_____________, O_____________. O______________, L______________.

A limerick is a very short humorous or nonsense poem. It always has exactly 5 lines and an aabba rhyme scheme. It tells a brief story or

gives a short (sometimes rude!) description.

An ode is a long poem that praises a specific person, object, or event. It can be rhymed or

unrhymed.

A narrative poem tells a story. Just like any other story, it has at least one main character, a

setting, and a plot.

A free verse poem has no regular meter and no rhyme scheme. Free verse poems are meant to

sound like everyday speech or conversation. They often use strong imagery, onomatopoeia, and

other poetic devices.

An elegy is a poem of mourning, written in honor of someone who has died.

(THINK EULOGY – same word root!!!)

Walt Whitman wrote this poem as an elegy for President Abraham Lincoln, following his assassination in 1865.

A haiku is a poem with exactly 3 lines

and exactly 17 syllables. Haikus

were first written in ancient Japan. A haiku always has

this pattern:5

syllables

7

syllables

5

syllables

Haikus are very often written about nature: seasons, animals, etc.