Gothic church

Origins● The gothic style was

introduced by Cistercians into England from Burgundy

● Gothic buildings features:

● 1- tall pointed arches● 2-tall narrow windows● 3- tall columns

The main elements of a Gothic church are :● A cruciform plan with a nave longer than the other three

arms● A nave and other arms built to the basilican scheme, with

side aisles and a higher and wider central vessel receiving direct lighting from a clearstorey

● A middle storey between the clearstorey and the arcades separating central vessel from aisles

● Masonry vaulting over the aisles and central vessel● One or more towers integrated into the main body of the

church

Masonry vaulting

Cruciform plan

Gothic architecture can be divided in three main periods:

● Early English Style (13° century) : main characteristics are tall narrow pointed windows without decorative stonework and thick walls

● Decorated style (first half of 14° century) : its main feature was the ornamental stone carving around windows and doors.

● Perpendicular style (second half of 14° and 15° century): it was marked by large windows, vertical lines and ceiling patterns in stone called fan vaulting

The most famous cathedral in England are:

● York

● Canterbury

History of town planning

As agriculture replaced a nomadic existence, permanent human settlements began to appear . These early cities became centres for trade, defence and politics and also centres for distributing the agricultural surplus that a settled farming society produces .

Ur (modern Iraq) and some city in the Indus valley are the first examples of planned city in history. They had streets in a grid pattern divided into: commercial boulevards and alleyways. Streets had: drainage, large granaries, urban sanitation.

The greek Hippodamus is considered the father of city planning in the west for his design of Miletus.

The Romans used a consolidated scheme for city planning developed for military defense and civil convenience.

The basic plan was a central plaza surrounded by a grid of streets and defense walls.

Two diagonal streets cross the square and all the streets were at right angles in a square grid.

Each square was marked by for roads called insulae (a city block).

Scheme for military defense

In early middle ages cities were built on hills and surrounded by a wall

In early Renaissance in Florence the ideal city had a star-shaped plan: radial streets extended from the centre of military communal and spiritual power.

● Only numbers:

● Nardini Simone● Lascialfari Alessio● Mei Ismaele● Margheri Francesco