Goat value chains in Shinelle district, Somali zone, Ethiopia: Results of a rapid

value chain assessment Hasen Abdurahman

Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Lowland Sheep and Goat Value Chains in

Ethiopia

Debre Zeit 1-2April 2013

1. Description of the study area

Location: Somali region, 15 km east of Dire Dawa town

Altitude :- ranges from 950-1350m above sea level

Rainfall:- 500-700 mm/year, it has two rainy seasons( Gu

and Karan)

Population: - 96988( 2007 population estimates made from

1994 census)

Livelihood:- Pastoralism: livestock produced mainly shoats,

cattle and camel

2. METHODOLOGY

Field Visits, Focused Group Discussion(FGD) and Interviews

with Key Informants

Discussion with district administration and district agricultural

office

selected two kebeles (Dhegah-jabis and Gaad)

these two kebeles have the highest small ruminant population in

the district

10 -12 men and women in each of these two kebeleles in Shinelle

districts.

Key Informant Interview (KII)

experts of livestock extension,

livestock marketing,

cooperatives promotion,

traders,

butchers,

transporters,

veterinarians and NGOs.

Similarly, major shoat markets within and outside the study area were

visited. These include Shinelle and Dire Dawa.

3. RESULTS OF SHOAT VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT

3.1 Mapping of the Core Functions

Input supply

Production Processing Consumption

Activities Supply of:

• Extension services

• Animal health services

Credit access (NGO)

Feeding

Housing

Breeding

Health care

Collection

Intermediation

Transportation

Distribution

Slaughtering

Cooking

Consuming

-Meat

-Milk

-Milk products

Actors Woreda Agriculturral Office

OXFAM

Pastoralists

Producers, brokers, traders, collectors, cooperatives

Butchers,

Hotels

Consumers

Marketing

Input supplyExtension ServiceExtension service and training and capacity building to livestock

producers is rarely provided by NGOs whose main focus is on training community animal health workers.

FTC/PTCs are there but not functional.

 

Animal health servicesThere are only 4 functional health posts out of the total 16 health

posts in the woredaVaccination is the major health service provided and it doesn’t cover

all. There are CAHWS and only small number of them are functional

however, they don’t have enough drugs.NGOs like Oxfam, HCS help agricultural district expert with

logistics.

Credit services

There is no formal credit service institution that provides credit for the pastoralists.

Oxfam provides credit for shoat producers. The credit is given to female pastoralists in order to buy shoats.

ProductionPastoralists rear sheep and goat for sell, milk production

and slaughter at home. Pastoralists indicated that shoats are the most important

sources of income to meet the household’s immediate cash needs and they protect other household assets.

Whenever the household comes across problems needing cash expenditure, they first sell shoats. Camel and Cattle would be sold when the family runs out of shoats.

The other important purpose of rearing small ruminants is production of goat milk for household consumption.

Feeding Feed natural pasture and shrubs No forage conservation Seasonal movement used as copping mechanism graphBreeding Black head somali sheep and long eared somali goats No Selection for goat. No controlled mating for goats Selection and controlled mating for sheep Inbreeding problem for both sheep and goats Perception about inbreeding very lowHousing Fences Sheep and goat together but kids are separatedAnimal health care Major diseases: shoat pox, CCPP, PPR, Ticks, FMD, Shortage of vaccines, drugs

 

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

20

40

60

80

100

0

1

2

3

4

5

Browsing Grazing Rainfall (score 0-5)

Feed A

vailabilit

y (

%)

Rain

fall S

core

(0-5

)

Seasonal Distribution of Feed Resources Relative to the Rainfall Pattern

Milk production

Both sheep and goat milk producedOnly goat milk is consumedSheep milk used for butter productionMilking and milk marketing is the role of

womenShoat milk usually used for hh

consumption. But it is also marketedWhole goat milk is marketed but it only

butter from sheep milk that is marketedMilk marketing groups

MarketingProportion of Actors in the market

Brokers 17%

Pastoralists 20%

Hotels 13%

Individual consumers 3%

Traders 13%

Collectors 23%

Cooperatives 10%

To whom they sell

Pastoralists 5%Hotels 15% Individual consumers 10%Traders 20% Collectors 30% Cooperatives 20%

Type of live animals sold in the market

Yearling 20% they sale for slaughter and fattening

Ewes 40% for hotels Young female 10% for breeding Fattened male 15% for holidays and

death occasion Kids 15% for fattening and

agro-pastoralists

Processing No export abattoirs in the district as well as

in Dire dawa town.Butcheries/slaughter cooperative slaughter

shoats in municipal slaughter houses and retail meat on kilogram basis both at Shinelle and Megala-jebdu (Dire)

Consumption

Shoats from Shinelle district have three end markets of which are Shinelle market, Dire dawa market and foreign market.

Consumers at Shinelle get from slaughtering cooperatives based at Shinelle.

Consumers at dire dawa get from Hotels at dire dawa and butcheries at Megala-jebdu and live shoat from Dire markets

Shoats Marketing RoutesHaramaya

20%

Jalanqo

8%

Buraad

24%

Shinelle

Gaad

16%

Meta

40%

Harrawawa

10%

Bisle

6%

Barja

4% Errer

15%

Badano

40%

Dire Dewa Watter

5%

Mayu

2%

Shinelle

10%

Figure 2: Shoats marketing routes from the Shinelle Figure 2: Shoats marketing routes to Dire Dawa town Market

Marketing channels

Live animal marketing

Live animal marketing

ProcessingProcessing

ConsumptionConsumption

Enabling Env’tEnabling Env’t

Input SupplyInput Supply

ProductionProduction Pastoralists/Agro-pastoralists Rearing LivestockPastoralists/Agro-pastoralists Rearing Livestock

BrokersBrokers

Big Traders 20%

Big Traders 20%

Cooperatives

20%

Cooperatives

20%

Collectors

30%

Collectors

30%

Pastoralists (for breeding purpose)

(10%)

Pastoralists (for breeding purpose)

(10%)

Meat Slaughtering

cooperative 30%

Meat Slaughtering

cooperative 30%Butcheries at Dire

dawa 60%Butcheries at Dire

dawa 60%Hotels at Dire

10%

Hotels at Dire

10%

Individual consumers at Shinelle

Individual consumers at Shinelle Individual consumers at

Dire dawa townIndividual consumers at

Dire dawa town

Land ownerLand owner Rule and RegulationsRule and Regulations SecuritySecurity

Live export to Djibouti & Somalia

Live export to Djibouti & Somalia

10%10%5% 75%

Individual buyers (20%)

Individual buyers (20%)

Vet. Service

Vet. Service ExtensionExtension CreditCredit Transpor

tationTranspor

tation

Marketing ChannelsMarket Channel 1: Pastoralists Broker Big trader Export

market Market Channel 2 Pastoralists Broker Collector

Hotels Individual consumers Market Channel 3 Pastoralists Broker Cooperatives

Butchers Individual consumers Market Channel 4 Pastoralists Broker Individual Buyers Market Channel 5Pastoralists Broker Cooperatives

Butchers Export market

Major Constraints along Shinelle Shoat value chainInput Supply

Shortage of veterinary drugs and equipment

Shortage of in-service training for CAHWS and veterinarians

Non-functional animal health posts and CAHWs

No credit service facilities and practices in the area.

ProductionFeed shortage due to seasonality of rainfall

 frequent and prolonged droughts

 scarcity of livestock feed both in quality and quantity

Lack capacity building/awareness creation on improved shoat production and management practices

 degradation of grazing lands

Prevalence of diseases and parasites (PPR, Shoat pox, CCPP, IP (Fasciola), EP (Tick, Mange), FMD, etc

MarketingNative pasture and subsistence based livestock

productionSpoilage of milk within a short period of time caused

by poor management and lack of improved/standard milk containers and equipment.

Lack of market information systemLong distance between the production areas and the

livestock markets There is market infrastructure but not functional  No permanent linkage between producers and buyers.Poor horizontal linkages between actors in the shoat

value chains.No quarantine and certification facilities and other

necessary structures for livestock export.No milk markets and milk collection centers suitable

for milk marketing.

ConclusionNon market oriented productionInput supply and service provision not well

organizedShortage of feed due to frequent drought is the

major challengePastoralists use seasonal migration as a coping

mechanismDiseases and parasites are also influencing

shoat production. But there is insufficient supply of drugs, vaccines, the health posts and clinics are not providing expected services

No formal creditThere is seasonal export operationThe major destination market is Dire DawaFinally, best bet project interventions are

expected to be the major outcomes of this workshop.