Global Plan for the Decade of Action Pillar Three: Safer Vehicles Update 17th Meeting of the UN Road Safety Collaboration 15th March 2013 Presentation by David Ward Director General, FIA Foundation

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 1: Encourage Member States to apply and promulgate motor vehicle safety standards as developed by the UN’s World Forum for the Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP 29).

UN Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 2: Encourage implementation of new car assessment programmes in all world regions to increase the availability of consumer information about the safety performance of motor vehicles.

2012 Highlights

Global NCAP was launched last year as a UK registered charity which aims to provide a platform for cooperation for NCAPs around the world and to share best practice. In 2012 Global NCAP: Held its inaugural Annual Meeting in Malaysia attended by all nine NCAPs , which was the largest ever gathering of its kind. Launched a global awards scheme presented by HRH Prince Michael of Kent. Supported the pilot project of Latin NCAP funding their crash tests with Phase 3 launched in Argentina in November. Supported the pilot project of ASEAN NCAP by funding their first phase of crash tests launched at MIROS in May.

Summary of results Phases 1, 2 & 3

Toyota Corolla XEI + 2 Airbags (P1) Comparison test Ford Focus Style + 2 Airbags (P2) •

Chevrolet Cruze + 2 Airbags (P2) •

Nissan Tiida Hatchback + 2 Airbags (P2) •

Toyota Etios + 2 Airbags (P3) • Only Valid for Brazil Ford New Fiesta + 2 Airbags (P3)

Honda City + 2 Airbags (P3)•

Renault Fluence + 2 Airbags (P3)•

VW Polo + 2 Airbags (P3) • Only Valid for Brazil Fiat Palio ELX 1.4 Emotion + 2 Airbags (P1) •

VW Clasico (Bora) + 2 Airbags (P3)

VW Gol Trend 1.6 + 2 Airbags (P1) • Nissan Tiida Hatchback + 1 Airbags (P2)

Chevrolet Meriva GL Plus + 2 Airbags (P1) Comparison test Nissan March + 2 Airbags (P2) • Only Valid for Brazil

Peugeot 207 Compact 5p 1.4 + 2 Airbags (P1) •

Peugeot 207 Compact 5p 1.4 - NO Airbags (P1)

VW Gol Trend 1.6 - NO Airbags (P1)

Fiat Palio ELX 1.4 - NO Airbags (P1)

Renault Sandero - NO Airbags (P3)

Chevrolet Celta – NO Airbags (P2)

JAC J3 + 2 Airbags (P3) Only Valid for Brazil Ford KA Fly Viral – NO Airbags (P2)

Chevrolet Corsa Classic – NO Airbags (P2)

Fiat Novo Uno – NO Airbags (P2)

Geely CK1 1.3 - NO Airbags (P1) •=sponsored by manufacturer

Global NCAP Buyer’s Guide

Global NCAP recommends choosing ‘Five Star’ vehicles from NCAPs where ever they are available. It has also selected its recommended ‘most important’ global standards available under the 1958 and 1998 agreements of the UN World Forum for Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulations (UNECE WP29). These are: ECE Reg. 14 Seat belt anchorages ECE Reg. 16 Safety belts and restraint systems ECE Reg. 44 Child Restraints ECE Reg. 94 Occupant protection in frontal collision ECE Reg. 95 Occupant protection in lateral collision GTR 8 Electronic stability control GTR 9 Pedestrian protection Global NCAP will periodically review the list which will be included in a ‘Buyers Guide’ for fleet managers and the public to be released later this year.

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 3: Encourage agreement to ensure that all new motor vehicles are equipped with seat belts and anchorages that meet regulatory requirements and pass applicable crash test standards (as minimum safety features).

Occupant Protection - Front & Side Impact Crash Tests These front and side impact tests are the most important UN safety standards . In Reg 94 the car hits a barrier that replicates the soft front end of another vehicle. The impact is ‘offset’ with a 40% overlap as most frontal crashes occur like this. The test speed is 56 kph. (NCAPs usually use 64 kph). In the Reg 95 side impact test a trolley hits the vehicle’s door sill at 50 kph. In 2011 60 million new cars were produced worldwide but about 20 million would fail these minimum UN test standards.

Enforcement of ECER94. Assume 100% of new EU15 passenger car registrations meet legislation beyond 1998

In the lead up to introduction of ECE R94, assume a ramp up in % new vehicle registrations that meet the legislation

Total passenger cars on the road (EU 15 only). Source ACEA

Cumulative new passenger registrations (source ACEA)

Small % of new vehicle registrations assumed to meet ECE R94 (ie. Volvo) ahead of legislation introduction

Small % of vehicles on the road > 10 years old and not meeting legislation (estimated here)

Penetration of ECE 94 Regulation in the EU Vehicle Fleet

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 4: Encourage global deployment of crash avoidance technologies with proven effectiveness such as Electronic Stability Control and Anti Lock Braking systems in motorcycles.

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) ESC is a primary safety system that avoids loss of control (under steer or over steer) skidding incidents. It is widely acknowledged to be the most important safety device since the seat belt. ESC is now mandatory in all new cars in Australia, Europe, and the USA (since 2012). It is estimated that it can avoid up to 10,000 deaths annually in the USA and at least 4,000 in the EU. A global standard for ESC was adopted by the UN World Forum for Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulations in 2008. By 2020 it is realistic to expect that all new passenger cars should be ESC equipped.

Source: Bosch

NAFTA 93%

Europe

WORLD Korea

China

79% 76%

51%

65%

46%

21%

93%

78%

72%

48%

60%

42%

18%

91%

77%

68%

44%

52%

34%

15%

85%

75%

63%

41% 44%

25%

12%

57%

36% 35%

22%

10%

53% 49%

33% 33%

7%

ESP® Installation Rates*)

79% 81%

54%

74%

49%

26%

94%

80%

86%

58%

83%

60%

32%

Australia Japan

Russia

69% 71%

62%

19%

28%

16% 12%

9% 4% 1% 0%

19%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

2016

94%

80%

85%

57%

81%

54%

29%

22%

93%

ESC Global Installation Rates to 2016

Motorcycle ABS – the Two Wheel Priority Anti Lock Brakes in Motorcycles is a global priority for powered two wheelers. Studies of fatal crashes, insurance claims and test track performance all confirm the importance of antilock brakes. The rate of fatal crashes is 37 per cent lower for motorcycles equipped with optional ABS than for those same models without ABS (IIHS 2011). Collision insurance claims for motorcycles with ABS are filed 23 per cent less frequently than for motorcycles without it (HLDI 2012). In the EU from 2016 ABS will be mandatory for new models above 125 cc, and from 2017 for all motorcycles in production.

With

out

ABS

With

AB

S

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 5: Encourage use of fiscal and other incentives for motor vehicles that provide high levels of road user protection and discourage export of new and used cars that have reduced safety standards.

Incentivising Safety Governments can boost demand for safer vehicles by offering fiscal incentives. These have been widely used to promote new environmental technologies and can also be applied to safety. Incentives can include reduced sales tax or registration charges for cars that meet chosen technology requirements or standards. For example, Denmark achieved the fastest penetration rate of ESC by offering a temporary tax reduction for this key safety technology. The insurance industry can also take a lead in offering premium reductions for safer vehicles For example, UK insurers are changing their group rating system for cars fitted with Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) which should lead to a drop in insurance ratings.

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 6: Sustain investment in research and development of safety technologies that will improve vehicle safety and reduce risks to vulnerable road users.

Next Steps In Vehicle Safety

Crash avoidance systems offer the greatest potential to further reduce vehicle related injuries. After ESC the next priority will be Autonomous Emergency Braking systems. Sensor technologies especially will have a wide range of safety applications:

Decade Plan – Pillar 3: Safer Vehicles

Activity 7: Encourage managers of governments and private sector fleets to purchase and maintain vehicles that offer advanced safety technologies and high levels of occupant protection.

Fleet Safety and ISO 93001 Public and private fleets dominate new car sales in many of the major vehicle markets of the world. Managers have a duty of care to their employees and an interest in reducing crash costs to their company. Their purchasing choices can have a powerful acceleration effect by increasing demand for and availability of safer vehicles. A recent example is the mining company BHP Billiton which now only buys 5 Star NCAP rated vehicles. This year a new ISO standard has been adopted which will encourage fleet safety. ISO 39001 for Road Traffic Safety Management Systems sets out requirements for public or private organizations involved in regulating, designing or operating road transport. It recommends a series of ‘safety outcome factors’ which includes the safety of vehicles.

23rd Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference and Global NCAP Annual Meeting 2013

ESV is the world’s most important meeting of vehicle safety experts which gathers every other year. In 2013 it will be held in Seoul, South Korea hosted by the Minister of Transport, Hon Kwon Do-youp from May 27-30. The 2013 Annual Meeting of Global NCAP will also be held in Seoul on the May 30.

Thank You!