global circulation and world climates
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Global Circulation and World Climates. Weather vs. Climate Climate Controls Idealized Global Circulation Model Seasonal Variations Global Climates For Next Class : Read Chapter 2 (pp. 56-61 ). Questions. What is the difference between weather and climate? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Global Circulation and World Climates
Weather vs. Climate Climate Controls Idealized Global Circulation Model Seasonal Variations Global ClimatesFor Next Class: Read Chapter 2 (pp. 61-65)
Questions
What is the difference between weather and climate?
What are the major influences (or controls) on climate?
Weather vs. Climate
Climate Controls
Solar Energy Latitude Land and water contrasts
• Maritime effect (proximity to major water bodies)• Continentality
Global wind and pressure systems • Idealized Global Circulation Model
Elevation*
General circulation of the atmosphere and ocean is driven by latitudinal heating imbalances (i.e. surplus in tropics and deficit in polar regions)
Idealized Global Circulation Model
Idealized Global Circulation Model
ITCZ – Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone STHP – Sub-Tropical High Pressure
• Coriolis Effect – Caused by rotation of the Earth• Rightward deflection in Northern Hemisphere• Leftward deflection in Southern Hemisphere
SPLP – Sub-Polar Low Pressure PHP – Polar High Pressure
Idealized Global Circulation Model
Land and water contrasts • Maritime effect (proximity to major water bodies)• Continentality
Elevation Latitude (solar energy) Global wind and pressure systems (Idealized
Global Circulation Model)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Global Pressure Systems and Wind Patterns
Figure 2.12
General Circulation
Figure 5-14
Rossby Waves and Sub-Polar Low Pressure
Exact latitudinal position of the SPLP is highly variable and depends on the upper-level Polar Front Jet Stream.
Blizzard of 1993
Developed in association with an extremely amplified Rossby Wave. Note the strong cold front in Honduras!
Seasonal Variations in Latitude
Figure 5-36
Modified Köppen System
Figure 8-4
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Global Climate Regions
Figure 2.13Climograph
Climographs
Figure 8-6