Glands and Hormones

What makes the Endocrine system unique is that it secretes hormones…

These hormones are chemical messengers that are carried through the bloodstream to: Stimulate other glands Regulate growth,

development, metabolism, sex processes

Hormones work by finding that specific receptor on a specific cell

to do their job…

Major Glands of the Endocrine System Pituitary – also referred to as the “master gland” as it

regulates all other endocrine glands

Thyroid –responsible for metabolism and growth, how your body uses oxygen and nutrients

Parathyroid – regulate calcium and phosphorus in the body

Adrenal – secrete adrenaline in emergency or stressful situations

Pancreas – responsible for secreting insulin to regulate blood sugar levels in the bloodstream

Ovaries – female gonad, responsible for ovum production, estrogen secretion and progesterone release

Testes - male gonad, responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Master gland of bodyLocated in the depression of sphenoid boneProduces many hormones that affect other glands Thyroid stimulating hormone Somatotropin- growth hormone Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in

skin ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Giantism- would be oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty

Dwarfism- would be undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics

Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood.

Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine

Goiter- not enough iodine

Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism

Adrenal Glands Located just above

the kidney (dunce hats)

Secretes many hormones such as:

Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Many steroid hormones, including estrogen and androgens

Pancreas- Secretes

pancreatic juices into the small intestines

Secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells.

Secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

Diabetes Mellitus

Cause – malfunction of gland, decreased secretion of insulin

Symptoms Excessive thirst, excessive urination,

hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes

don’t know it 225,000 die each year 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care

spending