Communication by hormones in Communication by hormones in mammalsmammalskey factskey facts

► HormonesHormones - peptides, proteins, steroids – small - peptides, proteins, steroids – small molecules = molecules = first messengerfirst messenger

► Endocrine glandEndocrine gland – secretes hormones into – secretes hormones into blood plasma e.g. pancreas + insulin + blood plasma e.g. pancreas + insulin + glucagonglucagon

► Exocrine glandExocrine gland – secretes into duct / tube – secretes into duct / tube e.g. pancreas and digestive enzymese.g. pancreas and digestive enzymes

► Target cells / tissuesTarget cells / tissues for protein or peptide for protein or peptide hormones have receptors with complementary hormones have receptors with complementary shapes on cell membranesshapes on cell membranes

► Cyclic AMP (cAMPCyclic AMP (cAMP) = ) = second messengersecond messenger inside inside cellcell

► http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.html

► http://www.celanphy.science.ru.nl/Bruce%20web/Flash%20Movies.htmhttp://www.celanphy.science.ru.nl/Bruce%20web/Flash%20Movies.htm

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.htmlanimation__second_messenger__camp.html

First and second messengers First and second messengers and amplificationand amplification

►http://bcs.whfreeman.com/http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp15/15020.htmlthelifewire/content/chp15/15020.html

►http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/animations1503.htmlanimations1503.html

Responses Responses to adrenalinto adrenalinhormoneshormones

Brain warm upBrain warm up

► use plasticene and other materials to use plasticene and other materials to explain what is meant by the explain what is meant by the first andfirst and second messengersecond messenger in communication in communication by hormones such as adrenalineby hormones such as adrenaline

► suggest how a medical drug could be suggest how a medical drug could be used to prevent the changes in the used to prevent the changes in the cells which the second messenger c cells which the second messenger c AMP stimulatesAMP stimulates

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.htmlanimation__second_messenger__camp.html

First and second messengers First and second messengers and amplificationand amplification

►http://bcs.whfreeman.com/http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp15/15020.htmlthelifewire/content/chp15/15020.html

►http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/animations1503.htmlanimations1503.html

make a table to show the make a table to show the names of the hormonesnames of the hormones secreted by the secreted by the adrenal glandsadrenal glands, the , the cells which secrete cells which secrete

themthem and their and their effectseffects

Aims of today’s lesson – preparing for next Aims of today’s lesson – preparing for next

promonitor test on Monday 30promonitor test on Monday 30thth November November ► check exam answer on nervescheck exam answer on nerves

► try question on control of blood glucosetry question on control of blood glucose

► review glucose control + diabetesreview glucose control + diabetes

► review homeostasis + temperature control review homeostasis + temperature control + heart rate control+ heart rate control

► remember extra Biology on Fri 2-3 this weekremember extra Biology on Fri 2-3 this week

Introducing the control of blood glucoseIntroducing the control of blood glucose

HomeostasisHomeostasis – maintaining the internal – maintaining the internal environment stable within certain limits by environment stable within certain limits by negative feedbacknegative feedback

Negative feedbackNegative feedback - a change produces a - a change produces a response which eliminates the change; response which eliminates the change;

this needs a receptor which detects a stimulus, this needs a receptor which detects a stimulus, an effector which responds and an effector which responds and communication between them e.g. nerves or communication between them e.g. nerves or

hormoneshormones

DiabetesDiabetes – homeostasis is not working for blood – homeostasis is not working for blood glucose concentrationglucose concentration

Symptoms of high blood sugar / Symptoms of high blood sugar / diabetesdiabetes

► glucose inglucose in

urine plus urine plus

The islets of Langerhans in the The islets of Langerhans in the pancreaspancreas

The pancreas – an exocrine and endocrine The pancreas – an exocrine and endocrine

glandgland

Independent work for today and Independent work for today and MondayMonday

► answer answer questionsquestions 1 – 6 and complete 1 – 6 and complete diagramdiagram about control of glucose in plasma about control of glucose in plasma

► readread the article on control of blood glucose by the article on control of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon by Thursday 5insulin and glucagon by Thursday 5thth Nov Nov

► for at least 2 frequently asked questions from the for at least 2 frequently asked questions from the diabetes diabetes task, research the answers and prepare 2 task, research the answers and prepare 2 or 3 power point slides on each; or 3 power point slides on each;

► send your slides to me and be prepared to share send your slides to me and be prepared to share your work with the class on Tuesday 10your work with the class on Tuesday 10thth November November

► answer SAQ 5 (check answers in electronic version answer SAQ 5 (check answers in electronic version on book on MOODLE) + exam question – bring on book on MOODLE) + exam question – bring complete to lesson on Tuesday 10complete to lesson on Tuesday 10thth November November

Aims of today’s lessonAims of today’s lesson

► check answers to questions 1 – 6 and check answers to questions 1 – 6 and answer question 7answer question 7

► check SAQ 5 in lesson – hand in exam check SAQ 5 in lesson – hand in exam question for markingquestion for marking

► listen to some student presentations about listen to some student presentations about diabetes to check your understandingdiabetes to check your understanding

► explain how insulin secretion is controlledexplain how insulin secretion is controlled

Set up a microscope and Set up a microscope and find:-find:-

►cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreaspancreas

► diabetes rapdiabetes rap► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJdIyBIuTGMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJdIyBIuTGM

The control of blood The control of blood glucose and diabetes glucose and diabetes

An example of homeostasis An example of homeostasis and negative feedbackand negative feedback

a) islets of Langerhansa) islets of Langerhansb) protein / polypeptideb) protein / polypeptidec) glucagon; insulinc) glucagon; insulind) actual size = 41 000um / 30 000 = 1.4umd) actual size = 41 000um / 30 000 = 1.4ume) fall detected by a and b cells; secretion of e) fall detected by a and b cells; secretion of

insulin decreases; secretion of glucagon insulin decreases; secretion of glucagon increases; hormone in blood to receptor; on increases; hormone in blood to receptor; on liver cell; glycogen liver cell; glycogen glucose; fats respired; glucose; fats respired; gluconeogenesis; glucose into bloodgluconeogenesis; glucose into blood

f) more rapid response; shorter duration f) more rapid response; shorter duration response; less chance of immune response; response; less chance of immune response; killing animals is a sensitive ethical issue; killing animals is a sensitive ethical issue; insulin from animals is not identical in amino insulin from animals is not identical in amino acid sequence to human insulin; cheaper acid sequence to human insulin; cheaper and easier to produce large amounts; less and easier to produce large amounts; less chance of diseasechance of disease

Aims of today’s lessonAims of today’s lesson► To understand independent work on sense organs To understand independent work on sense organs

and neurones (nerve cells) to be completed by and neurones (nerve cells) to be completed by lesson on Monday 16lesson on Monday 16thth November November

► progress reviewsprogress reviews

► check exam question answers – individually and check exam question answers – individually and with whole classwith whole class

► describe and evaluate the treatment of type 1 and describe and evaluate the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes now and in the futuretype 2 diabetes now and in the futuree.g. inject insulin, use stem cells, control diete.g. inject insulin, use stem cells, control diet

► listen to some student presentations about listen to some student presentations about diabetes to check your understandingdiabetes to check your understanding

Can you answer these questions about the Can you answer these questions about the heart?heart?

You must hand in your answer at the end of the You must hand in your answer at the end of the lessonlesson► what is meant by the word ‘myogenic’what is meant by the word ‘myogenic’ 1 1

► describe how the SAN, AVN and Purkyne describe how the SAN, AVN and Purkyne fibres work together during a heart beatfibres work together during a heart beat 4 4

► your heart beat rate can be increased during your heart beat rate can be increased during exercise so that muscle cells receive extra exercise so that muscle cells receive extra oxygen and glucose from blood and extra oxygen and glucose from blood and extra carbon dioxide is carried away; carbon dioxide is carried away; explain how this happensexplain how this happens(include a diagram if this helps)(include a diagram if this helps) 10 10

► http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical.html

ECGs – normal or abnormal?ECGs – normal or abnormal?