GIRDING FOR WAR: The North and the South

A.P. American HistoryChapter 20

South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter

By the time Lincoln took office, March 4th, 1861, 7 states had already departed and 8 more were teetering

Lincoln’s inaugural address- Pg. 418

South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter

The South seized all federal forts, arsenals, and ports.

Ft. Sumter remained in federal hands- Explain- pg 419-420

April, 15th- Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers- 90 day enlistment

April 19th- Union blockaded southern ports

Southern response- 4 more states seceded- Virginia, Ark., Tenn., and N.C.

THE BORDER STATES

Border States- Slave states that did not secede from the Union- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware Border states had a vast white majority Double the manufacturing of the other

slave states. Ohio River was the northern border-

important transportation route. Lincoln- “I hope I have God on my side, but

I must have Kentucky.”

THE BORDER STATES

THE BORDER STATES

Lincoln used some harsh measures to keep the border states in the Union Maryland- Declared martial law, threw

hundreds of people into jail without trial or charges.

West Virginia and Missouri- Stationed a large number of troops.

Lincoln could not declare the Civil War a war against slavery, did not want to upset the border states. (Butternut region of Ohio)

Reason for the war was to save the Union (page 420-421)

“BILLY YANK- JOHNNY REB” Many northern

volunteers from southern states. Mt whites- 50,000 300,000 from the

South Many southern

volunteers from northern states Many border states

provided thousands of troops to the south

Split families

BALANCE OF FORCES

SOUTH Fighting a defensive war North had to invade and

conquer Fighting on their own

soil-their way of life Strong morale Most talented officers Southern man was an

excellent soldier Taken over northern

forts and armories Few industries Severe shortages Lack of transportation Population of 9 million

NORTH ¾ of nations wealth ¾ of Railroad lines Large navy controlled

the sea Blockade Trade with Europe

Population of 22 million

Immigration continued

Not prepared to fight Poor leaders Page 425

DETHRONING KING COTTON

The South counted on foreign support

Aristocratic classes of Europe were sympathetic to the South

Working people of Europe supported the North

Southern cotton producers felt that the British textile companies were dependent on southern cotton

Why were they wrong (Pg 426)

LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME LIBERTIES

The Decisiveness of Diplomacy- 427 Foreign Flare-ups- 427-428

Read on your own President Davis vs. President Lincoln-427-

428 LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME INDUSTRIES Lincoln took questionable constitutional

actions Proclaimed a blockade w/o congressional approval Increased the size of the military w/o

congressional approval Suspended Writs of Habeas Corpus for Anti-

Unionists Pg 429

Volunteers and Draftees

NORTH 1861-1863-Volunteer

army, based on states population

1663- Congress passed a federal conscription (draft) Hire substitute-

$300 N.Y. Draft Riots

More than 90% of Union troops were volunteers

Bounties and Bounty Jumpers

Volunteers and Draftees

SOUTH 1861-1862- Relied

on volunteers 1862- Conscription

in the South (draft) Substitute Provision Slave owners of

20+ were exempt Rich man’s war and

poor man’s fight

Economic Stresses of WarNORTH

Financing the war Excise tax on

tobacco and alcohol Income Tax- 1st time

in American history Increase in Tariff

revenues-some protective tariffs

Printing of paper money-Greenbacks-Inflation

Selling of war bonds

SOUTH Financing the war

Little tariff income- Blockade

Selling of war bonds Because the states

were supreme, the Federal government was blocked from raising taxes too much

Printing of paper money- Fantastic Inflation-9,000%

The North’s Economic Boom Read Page 432 Labor saving devices

enabled the North to expand economically Sewing machine Mechanical

Reapers and farm machinery

Discovery of oil- A whole new industry

WOMEN AND WAR Women took male jobs-

More opportunities Factory Jobs Govt. Jobs 400 women posed as

men and fought Worked as spies

Elizabeth Blackwell- U.S. Sanitation Commission

Clara Barton- Dorthea Dix

Pages 433 A Crushed Cotton

Kingdom- Page 433