a.p. european history / unit ii – thirty years war wars of religion the emergence of the modern...
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A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Wars of Religion
The Emergence
of the Modern
State
Characteristics of a Modern StateCharacteristics of a Modern State..
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Effective Armed ForcesAn abled bureaucracyA theory of state that
restrained dynastic exuberance and defined the political interests in practical terms.
Peace of Augsburg
•Cuius regio, eius religio
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
1. Reinforce German particularism.
2. Secularized the institutions of the emperor
Thirty Years War
Four Horsemen of
the Apocalypse rode across
Central Europe
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
CausesCauses
•Dynastic RivalriesDynastic Rivalries•Religious AntagonismReligious Antagonism
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
OriginsOrigins
• Rudolf II (1557 - 1612) king of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor launched a religious crusade against Protestantism.
• Rudolf’s brother, Arch Duke, king of Hapsburg, withdrew his religious toleration.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Expansion of Catholic and Expansion of Catholic and Protestantism AntagonismProtestantism Antagonism
• Emperor Rudolf II refuses to increase Protestant representation.
• German Catholic states sought Spanish intervention.
• 1609, Maximilian of Bavaria organizes the Catholic League.
• Six Protestant princes for Protestant Union.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Arch-duke Ferdinand of Austria
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
• Becomes Holy Roman Emperor 1619.
• Launches a Catholic Crusade.
• Ferdinand disbanded assemblies.
Cultural and Societal Differences
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Defenestration of Prague
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Bohemian Revolt 1618
• Protestant leaders established a provisional government in Bohemia.
• Bohemia rose in full revolt against the church and the Hapsburgs.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Internationalization of the Internationalization of the Protestant CauseProtestant Cause
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Ferdinand II
Frederick V
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Dynastic considerations. Ferdinand received enough votes to
become Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
Protestant rebels refused to recognize his authority and offered the throne to Frederick.
Ferdinand, without an army, turned to outside help.
Expansion of the Conflict
• The Catholic Leagues success increased the determination to crush all Protestant resistance.
• Also increase Protestant determination to survive.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
The Danish Period
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
• Christian IV, the Protestant king of Denmark, led his troops into northern Germany against Frederick
• Subsidized by England and France
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Albert Wallenstein (1583 - 1634)
• Catholic entrusted by Ferdinand
• Crushed the Danish general.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Treaty of Lubeck and Edict of Resititution
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Swedish Interlude
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
•Gustavus Adolphus, “Lion of the North”•Entered the war on the Protestant side.•Subdued Poland.•Battled against Wallenstein at Lutzen, and was killed.
What began as a religious struggle became a dynastic struggle between France and Hapsburg Austria.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Raison d’ etat
• Fear of Hapsburg hegemony
• Richelieu
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Treaty of Westphalia
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Effect of Thirty Years War
• Last Religious war• Religious motives gave way to
political considerations.• Spread to embrace all of
Europe.• Decimated 1/3 of Central
Europe’s population.
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War
Europe 1648
A.P. European History / Unit II – Thirty Years War