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Pl;of tyf k|zfGt IF]qnfO{ ul/aLd'Qm t'Nofpg' P8LaLsf] d"ne"t p2]Zo xf] . cfkm\gfljsf;f]Gd'v ;b:o /fi6«x¿sf] ul/aL 36fpg] tyf hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg;xof]u ug]{ o;sf] nIo /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf y'k|} ;kmntfx¿sf afjh'b cem} ljZjsfb'O{ ltxfO ul/a hgtf o;} IF]qdf a;f]af; u5{g\ . o; If]qsf emG8} ! ca{ &) s/f]8 hgtfb}lgs @ 8n/ jf Tof]eGbf sd cfodf af“lr/x]sf 5g\ . ;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4, jftfj/0fLo¿kdf bLuf] ljsf; / If]qLo Pstfsf dfWodaf6 ul/aL 36fpg P8LaL k|lta4 /x]sf] 5 .

dlgnfl:yt P8LaLdf ^& j6f ;b:o /fi6«x¿ 5g\, h;dWo] o;} IF]qsf $* j6f b]z5g\ . P8LaLn] gLltut ;+jfb, C0f, k|fljlws ;xfotf, cg'bfg, ;'/If0f tyf ;]o/nufgLh:tf pks/0fsf dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf ljsf;f]Gd'v ;b:o /fi6«x¿nfO{ ;xof]u pknAwu/fpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))& df o;n] !) ca{ !) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ C0f, ^& s/f]8#) nfv 8n/ cg'bfg / @$ s/f]8 #) nfv 8n/ a/fa/ k|fljlws ;xfotf :jLs[tu/]sf] lyof] .

k|sfzgsf af/]df

g]kfn cfjf;Lo lgof]un] ;g\ @))* sf] hgj/Lb]lv clk|n;Dd /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt@))%–@))( sf] dWofjlw ;dLIffsf nflu If]qLo k/fdz{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿ ;~rfngu/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @))$ df /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt th'{df ePotf g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsl:yltdf cfPsf] 7"nf] kl/jt{gsf] ;Gbe{df b]zsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ d"Nofª\sg ub}{ /0fgLltn]lnPsf dfGotfx¿df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] wf/0ff a'em\g' k/fdz{sf] p2]Zo lyof] . of]k|sfzgn] :yfgLo:t/sf sfo{zfnfdf ePsf 5nkmn / To;af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;+If]kdfk|:t't ug'{sf ;fy} ;xefuLx¿n] p7fPsf rf;f] / ;/f]sf/sf ljifox¿ ;d]6]sf] 5 .

Publication Stock No. PRF163408

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cflwsfl/s efiff c+u|]hL xf] / o; b:tfa]hsf] c+u|]hL d"n ;+:s/0fnfO{ dfq

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g]kfn cfjf;Lo lgof]un] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt -@))%–@))(_ sf] dWofjlw ;dLIffsf qmddf ;g\ @))* hgj/Lb]lvclk|n;Dd b]zsf kf“r}j6f ljsf; If]qdf If]qLo k/fdz{ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfh;“u s]Gb|Lo:t/sf]k/fdz{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . of] k|sfzgn] :yfgLo:t/sf sfo{zfnfdf ePsf 5nkmn / To;af6 k|fKt;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;+If]kdf k|:t't ug'{sf ;fy} ;xefuLx¿n] p7fPsf rf;f] / ;/f]sf/sf ljifox¿ ;d]6]sf] 5 .

;g\ @))$ df /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt th'{df ePotf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts l:yltdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . o;};Gbe{df b]zsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ d"Nofª\sg ub}{ /0fgLltn] lnPsf dfGotfx¿df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] wf/0ff a'em\g'k/fdz{sf] p2]Zo lyof] . ;dLIff k/fdz{n] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf ePsf k|ultaf/] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{hfgsf/L u/fpg / of] /0fgLlts k|of;nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;fGble{s agfO/fVgsf nflu pgLx¿sf] ljrf/ hfGg Pl;ofnL ljsf;a}+s -P8LaL_ nfO{ ;Ifd t'NofPsf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf ljleGg If]qx¿sf] cfjZostf leGgfleGg} eP klg IF]qLo k/fdz{sf qmddf p7]sf / 5nkmn ul/Psf ljifodf;dfgtf /x]sf] xfdLn] dx;'; u/]sf 5f}+ . ;xefuLx¿sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))# sf] If]qLo k/fdz{sf qmddf klxNofOPsfljsf; cfjZostfx¿ P8LaLsf k|fyldstf / /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLltsf rf/ cfwf/:tDedf ;dfj]z ul/Psf5g\ . ;xL b[li6sf]0f, sfo{qmd / ;xL 1fg tyf :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf eP sl7g cj:yfdf klg ljsf; ;Dej5 eGg] s'/f ;xefuLx¿n] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . tyflk ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] j[xQ/ nIo xfl;n ug{ /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLltclej[l4 ug'{kg]{ pgLx¿sf] ;'emfj 5 .

;g\ @))$ df /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLltsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg]{ sfd ;'? ePotf g]kfndf ePsf pNn]vgLo /fhgLltskl/jt{gx¿, vf;u/L cfGtl/s åGåsf] cGTo / ax'k|tLlIft ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg x'g'n] g]kfnnfO{gof“ cfzf / cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ul/a hgtfnfO{ af“sL ljZj;“u ;Dks{ u/fpg, /fhgLlts tyf ljsf; k|lqmofdfclwsf+z hghflt ;d"xsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{ / gof“ /f]huf/ l;h{gf u/]/ ul/a tyf ljkGg ju{nfO{ km]l/xltof/ p7fpgaf6 /f]Sg ;a} ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿n] clxn]sf ljsf; r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd x'g'k5{ eGg]s'/f :yfgLo :t/af6 cfPsf cfjfhn] k'li6 u5{ .

;/sf/sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfn] dWofjlw ;dLIff k|lqmofdf pNn]Vo kmfObf k'u]sf] lyof] . sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf ug{ /Joj:yf ldnfpg g]kfn cfjf;Lo lgof]usf k"j{ /fli6«o lgb]{zs kn h]= x]6]G; -xfn a]/L h]= lxrss\_ n] k|bfg ug'{ePsf]dfu{bz{gk|lt d s[t1tf JoQm ub{5' . k/fdz{ ;~rfng / of] k|ltj]bg k|sfzgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] g]kfn cfjf;Lolgof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ d wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf / k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ g]kfn cfjf;Lo lgof]usfal/i7 /fli6«o ljz]if1 kfpnf] :kflG6uftL / afx\o ;Dks{ clws[t ljlgtf zfx v8\sf tyf sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf / k|ltj]bgk|sfzgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] al/i7 afx\o ;Dks{ ;xfos kljqf u'?ª / ;xfos ljZn]ifs ;[hgf /fhe08f/LnfO{ ljz]ifwGojfb1fkg ub{5' . c?0f /f0ffn] sfo{zfnfdf ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{sf ;fy} k|ltj]bgsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg{;xof]u k'¥ofpg'ePsf] lyof] . afx\o ;Dks{ ljefun] k|ltj]bgsf] ;Dkfbgdf k'¥ofPsf] ;xof]uk|lt klg d s[t1tf 1fkgub{5' .

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l;ofnL ljsf; a} +s -P8LaL_ n] k|To]sljsf;f ]Gd'v ;b:o /fi6«x¿df cfkm \gfsfo{qmdnfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg ug{ x/]s kf“r jif{df/fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt th'{df ug]{ u/]sf]

5 . ;g \ @))$ df cToGt ;xeflutfd "nsk/fdz{ k|lqmofsf dfWodaf6 th'{df ul/Psf] /0fgLlt abln+bf]kl/j]zdf ;fGble{s eP÷gePsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ P8LaLn]@))* hgj/L !$ b]lv dfr{ @$ ;Dd g]kfn /fli6«o;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt @))%–@))( sf] dWofjlw ;dLIffu/]sf] lyof] .

;dLIffsf qmddf g]kfnsf kf“r}j6f ljsf; If]qdf IF]qLok/fdz{ / sf7df8f}+df gful/s ;dfh tyf u}/;/sf/L;+:yf -u};;_ sf k|ltlglwx¿;“u s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] k/fdz{sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP .

k/fdz{df g]kfnsf &% dWo] %% lhNnfaf6 !$* hgfk|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . gful/s ;dfhsf

k[i7e"ld

;xefuLx¿df d'Qm sd}of, blnt ;d'bfosf ;b:o! /cGo ;LdfGt ;d"xsf JolQm, dlxnf ;d"x / u}/;/sf/L;+:yfx¿ lyP . P8LaLsf] s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf:t/Losfof{Gjog lgsfosf cfof]hgf sd{rf/Lx¿sf ;fy}/fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglw, :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k"j{lgjf{lrt;b:o, s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L clwsf/L, k];fljb\,a'l4hLjL, ;~rf/ dfWod / lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx¿n]5nkmndf of]ubfg u/]sf lyP . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u /cy{ dGqfnosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] klg ;lqmo ;xeflutf/x]sf] lyof] .

P8LaLn] cfkm\gf] /0fgLltsf] ;dLIff ug{ / tLgjif]{ /fli6«osfo{;~rfng of]hgf cBfjlws ug{ jflif{s ¿kdf v6fpg]

! blnt eGgfn] pTkLl8tnfO{ a'emfp“5 . of] zAb ;g\ !(&) sf] bzsdf ef/tdfa9L k|of]u ePsf] lyof] / o;sf] kof{ojfrL zAb æc5"tÆ xf] . ;g\ @))! sf]hgu0fgfcg';f/ g]kfndf s'n hg;+Vofsf] !# k|ltzt blntx¿ 5g\, h'g;aeGbf 7"nf] hghflt ;d"xdf k5{ . ltgLx¿ /fi6«sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs¿kdf cltljkGg ;d'bfo x'g\ .

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Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s -P8LaL_ n] ;]K6]Da/ @))$ df /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt @))%–@))( th'{df u/]kl5 g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts :j¿kdf7"nf] kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . clk|n @))^ df ePsf] rlr{t hgcfGbf]ngn] zfxL ;/sf/ lj36g u/L lj3l6t ;+;b\ k'gM:yflkt u/]kl5;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL -g]skf÷dfcf]jfbL_ aLrsf] Ps bzs nfdf] åGå cGTo eO{ b]zdf zflGt k|lqmof k|f/De ePsf]5 .

k|d'v bnx¿ / g]skf÷dfcf]jfbLaLr gf]e]Da/ @))^ df a[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 g]skf dfcf]jfbL hgj/L @))& dfcGtl/d ;+;b\df / km]a|'c/L @))& df cGtl/d ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g k'Uof] . To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿n];+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgåf/f gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg{ ;xdlt hgfP .

cfGtl/s åGå cGTo ePsf] s]xL jif{kl5 / ax'k|tLlIft ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] s]xL ;ftfcl3 ;g\ @))* hgj/Lb]lv dfr{;Dd /fli6«o;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt dWofjlw ;dLIff If]qLo k/fdz{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿ cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP . Toltv]/;Dd ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg/x:od} 3]l/Psfn] k/fdz{ sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLx¿åf/f JoQm ljrf/ / pgLx¿sf cg'e"ltn] To; ;dosf] cfzf / clglZrttfk|ltljlDat u5{ .

o;aLr zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPsf s]xL cj/f]wx¿n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg b'O{k6s :yug eP klg ;g\ @))* clk|n !) df lgjf{rg;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eof] . To;cl3 ePsf s]xL lx+;fTds 36gfljk/Lt lgjf{rg ;fdfGotof zflGtk"0f{ /x\of] . :yfoL zflGt /:yfloTjk|ltsf] clenfiff k|ltljlDat ub}{ lgjf{rgdf ^! k|ltztsf] pRr dtbfg eof] . ;g\ @))* d] @* df ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf]a}7sn] g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq 3f]if0ff u¥of] . zflGt k|lqmofdf Pp6f csf]{ 7"nf] sf];]9'+ufsf ¿kdf /x]sf] of] 36gfn] b]zdfyk k|ultsf] cfzf hufPsf] 5 .

tyflk zflGt k|lqmofdf cem} sl7g r'gf}tLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . tTsfn gof“ ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg] sfo{df nfUg'kg]{, ;+qmd0fsfnLgcjlwdf zlQm af“8kmf“8sf] Joj:yfdf ;xdlt x'g'kg]{ / g]skf÷dfcf]jfbLsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ PsLs/0f ug]{ sfo{sf cltl/Qm b]zdf nfdf];dob]lv h/f uf8]sf] hghflt, If]qLotf, hft tyf n}+lus ljifox¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ gof“ ;+3Lo /fHosf] :j¿k tyf ;f/nfO{ kl/efliftug'{kg]{ clxn]sf] hl6n /fhgLlts ;Gbe{df gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg'{kg]{ uxg lhDd]jf/L ;+ljwfg;efdfly 5 . olt x'“bfx'“b} klgg]kfnn] :jMlgb]{lzt zflGt k|lqmofdf nfdf] km8\sf] dfl/;s]sf] 5, h;n] b]zdf :yfoL zflGt / :yfloTj xfl;n x'g] s'/fnfO{ cfZj:tkf/]sf] 5 .

;|f]t M P8LaL @))*, g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt dWofjlw ;dLIff @))%–@))(, dlgnf

sf]i7 ! M gjLgtd /fhgLlts ljsf;x¿

6f]nLn] /fli6«o sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ ;Gbe{df g]kfn ;/sf// d'n'sdf lqmofzLn ljleGg ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x¿;“uklg k/fdz{ u/]sf] lyof] .

P8LaLn] oL If]qLo k/fdz{x¿ cfof]hgf ug'{sf] d'Vo p2]Zo;g\ @))$ df /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt th'{df ePotfg]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf b]lvPsf 7"nf kl/jt{gx¿sf] ;Gbe{df-sf]i7 !_ b]zsf] w/ftnLo oyfy{ d"Nofª\sg ub}{ /0fgLltn]lnPsf dfGotfx¿df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] wf/0ff a'em\g'lyof] . ;dLIff k/fdz{n] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLltsf]

sfof{Gjogdf ePsf k|ultaf/] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{hfgsf/L u/fpg / of] /0fgLlts k|of;nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;fGble{sagfO/fVgsf nflu pgLx¿sf] ljrf/ hfGg P8LaLnfO{;Ifd t'NofPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo:t/df ePsf k/fdz{n]/fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df a/f]a/ x'g] /fhgLlts tyf af}l4s5nkmnx¿df Pp6f tfhf b[li6sf]0f k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .

of] k|sfzgn] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt dWofjlw ;dLIffsfqmddf ;~rflnt IF]qLo k/fdz{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7L /gful/s ;dfh tyf u};;x¿;“u s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] k/fdz{dfePsf 5nkmn / To;af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;+If]kdf;d]6]sf] 5 .

t/ vf;u/L o; k|sfzgn] xfdL;“u cfkm\gf ljrf/ tyf;/f]sf/sf ljifox¿ cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ :yfgLo hgtfsf]O{dfGbf/ / alnof] cfjfh k|:t't u/]/ xfdLnfO{ ljsf;sf;Gbe{df pgLx¿n] cg'e"t u/]sf ljz]if b[li6sf]0faf/]hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] ;lqmo Pj+ PsLs[t;xeflutflagf of] k|sfzgn] oyfy{ ¿k k|fKt ug{ ;DejlyPg . dWofjlw ;dLIff ;/f]sf/jfnf k/fdz{x¿dfof]ubfg k'¥ofpg' x'g] ;a} dxfg'efjx¿df g]kfn cfjf;Lolgof]u cufw s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 .

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8

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9

g\ @))# sf] If]qLo k/fdz{df efu lng];xefuLx¿eGbf @))* sf] /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L/0fgLlt dWofjlw ;dLIffdf cfPsf;xefuLx¿ g]kfndf P8LaLsf ljsf;

k|of;af/] a9L ;r]t lyP . P8LaLsf xfn;Ddsf lqmofsnfkd"Nofª\sg ubf{ klg pgLx¿ w]/} g} ;sf/fTds b]lvP .;xefuLx¿sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))# sf] If]qLo k/fdz{sfqmddf klxNofOPsf ljsf; cfjZostfx¿ P8LaLsfk|fyldstf@ / /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt -@))%–@))(_#

n] cjnDag u/]sf rf/ /0fgLlts cfwf/:tDedf ;dfj]zul/Psf 5g\ . vf;u/L P8LaLsf] ;8s, vfg]kfgL tyf;/;kmfO, lzIff, s[lif tyf kz'kfng / u|fdL0f n3'ljQ;DaGwL sfo{df ;xefuLx¿n] a9L ;Gt'li6 JoQm u/]sf

lyP . P8LaLn] oL If]qdf cfkm\gf lqmofsnfknfO{ lg/Gt/tflbg'k5{ eGg] pgLx¿sf] ;'emfj lyof] . To;;“u} ul/aLlgjf/0fsf] a[xt\ nIo xfl;n ug{ o; /0fgLltnfO{ yk;'b[9 t'Nofp“b} nUg'kg]{ pgLx¿sf] ;'emfj /x]sf] lyof] .

If]qLo :t/af6 cfPsf k|ltlqmofdf P8LaLn] ;8s sfnf]kq]ug{, ;xh ;Dks{sf nflu ;8ssf ljsNkx¿ klxNofpg-o;df ljdfg:yn, s]ansf/, k/Dk/fut /Hh'dfu{x¿ k5{g\_/ kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qdf ko{6g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{dfa9L k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ eGg] ;'emfjx¿ klg k5{g\ . kf“rj6}ljsf; If]qsf ;a} ;xefuLn] pmhf{ ljsf;df a9L nufgLug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyP . Jofj;flos tyfk|fljlws lzIff / ljBfnosf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ;'wf/dfklg pgLx¿n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP . k|To]s If]qsf k|ltlglwn]u}/–sf7hGo jg k}bfjf/ / cf}iflwhGo tyf ;'ulGwtla?jfsf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ahf/ Joj:yfkgaf/] cWoogug{ dfu u/]sf lyP . oL j:t'x¿df cfsif{s 9+usf]cgf}krfl/s ahf/ klxNo} /lxcfP klg ltgnfO{ cem} s[lifIf]qsf] pTkfbgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

/fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt -sf]i7 @_ n] c“ufn]sf] åGå;Dj]bgzLn b[li6sf]0fsf sf/0f P8LaLsf w]/}h;f]cfof]hgfx¿ lagfcj/f]w ;~rfng x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . /0fgLlttof/ ubf{ b]zleq ljBdfg åGå d"Nof+sg ug]{ qmddfP8LaLn] :yfgLo:t/sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;“u lgs6td;fem]bf/L sfod ug'{kg]{ / ljsf; k|of;df ;d'bfox¿nfO{kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; u/]sf] lyof] . oLu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿df k|foM k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] cefj x'g]x'“bf k|fljlws ;xfotfsf nflu 7"nf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf /lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿nfO{ klg ljsf;sfo{df ;fd]n u/fOPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo ;d'bfon] ljsf;sfo{x¿sf] :jfldTj lnpg\ egL cfof]hgf rqmnfO{ klgslxn]sflx“ lj:tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . P8LaLsf] ;xfotfdf;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿sf] s]xL jif{otfsf] sfo{;Dkfbgx]bf{ oL ;a} pkfon] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf]b]lvG5 .

g]kfn cfjf;Lo lgof]usf] Ps cWoog$cg';f/ clk|n @))^df o'4lj/fd ePkl5 cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflujftfj/0fdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . To;cl3 P8LaLcfof]hgfx¿n] ;'/Iff;DaGwL y'k|} r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf]lyof], h;df ljb|f]xLx¿sf] x:tIf]k, ;d'bfox¿;Dd k'Ugg;Sg', b'O{ lhNnfaLr tyf lhNnfleq} klg ;xh 9+udf@ xfn g]kfndf P8LaLsf] ;xfotf s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;+;fwgx¿, lzIff, vfg]kfgL

tyf ;/;kmfO, oftfoft tyf ;~rf/, ljQ, pmhf{ / ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qzf;g Joj:yfdf s]lGb|t 5 . s'n nufgLsf] lx:;f lrq–! df df juL{s/0ful/Psf] 5 .

# rf/ /0fgLlts cfwf/:tDex¿ lgDg 5g\ M -!_ a[xt\ cfwf/ ePsf] cfly{s j[l4, -@_ ;dfj]zL ;fdflhs ljsf;, -#_ c;n zf;g, / -$_ ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ ;+oGq .

$ >]i7, /hgL s];L, @))&, cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog jftfj/0fsf] d"Nofª\sg, dlgnf,P8LaL .

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;Dks{ ug{ ufx|f] kg'{ / cfof]hgfsf sd{rf/L tyf ltgsfkl/jf/n] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf wDsLx¿ k5{g\ .

If]qLo k/fdz{sf ;xefuLx¿n] ;kmn cfof]hgfnfO{ l56f]eGbf l56f] gof“gof“ IF]qdf lj:tf/ ug{ P8LaL;“u af/Daf/dfu u/]sf lyP . æ/f]huf/sf nflu ;Lk kl/of]hgf% cToGtdxŒjk"0f{ 5,Æ bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf lhtaxfb'/s];Ln] eGg'eof] . æP8LaLn] of] cfof]hgfnfO{ cGo lhNnfdflj:tf/ u/L a9LeGbf a9L hgtfnfO{ nfeflGjtt'Nofpg'k5{ .Æ dWoklZrd tyf ;'b"/klZrd^ sf ;xefuLn]cfkm\gf] If]qnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbg P8LaL;“u cfu|xu/]sf lyP . :yfgLo cfo a9fpgsf nflu j}b]lzs /f]huf/df/fd|F] sfd kfpg tL IF]qsf w]/} JolQm;“u kof{Kt ;Lk

gePsf] / o;n] d'n'ssf cGo If]qeGbf dWoklZrd tyf;'b"/klZrdsf afl;Gbf a9L ul/a ePsf] Toxf“sf;xefuLx¿n] cf}+NofP .

;dLIffsf qmddf sltko P8LaL cfof]hgfx¿sf] 7"nf]k|z+;f ul/Psf] lyof] . æ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgf& ;'b"/klZrdsf s]xL cltb'u{dIf]qdf sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 / o;df pRrtd;xeflutfd"ns b[li6sf]0f ckgfOPsf] 5,Æ ho g]kfn o'jfSna, d'u'sf cWoIf kbdaxfb'/ /fjnn] eGg'eof] .o;}u/L, c5fdsf g]qaxfb'/ zfxLn] æ;d'bfonfO{ ;'?d}cfof]hgfsf] c+usf ¿kdf :yflkt ul/g] x'“bf pgLx¿dfcfof]hgfk|lt :jfldTjsf] efjgf cfpg]Æ atfpg'eof] .

;xefuLx¿sf cg';f/ ;fd'bflos kz'kfng ljsf;cfof]hgf*n] u|fdL0f If]qsf ul/ax¿df pNn]Vo kmfObfhgsk|efj kf/]sf] 5 . æklxn] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] s'g} af6f] gePsf:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿ clxn] afv|f / e}+;Lkfng u/]/ /fd|f]k};f cfh{g ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\,Æ u|fdL0f r]tgf ;d"x,afUn'ªsf cWoIf 6's/fh zdf{n] eGg'eof] .

o; l;h{gzLn cfof]hgfn] ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ k|hgg\sfnflu hu]8f af]sf;d]t pknAw u/fp“5 . ha pgLx¿n]cfjZos ;+Vof k'¥ofp“5g\, ta k|hgg\sf nflu lbOPsf]

% P8LaL, @))$, g]kfn clw/fHodf /f]huf/sf nflu ;Lk kl/of]hgfsf lglDt k|:tfljt C0faf/] ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg tyf ;'emfj, dlgnf .^ g]kfnnfO{ k"j{af6 klZrdtkm{ u/L kf“r ljsf; If]qdf af“l8Psf] 5, h;cg';f/ o;sf l;dfgf pQ/af6 blIf0ftkm{ lgwf{l/t ul/Psf 5g\ -gS;f x]g'{xf];\_ M k"jf{~rn,

dWodf~rn, klZrdf~rn, dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b"/klZrdf~rn .& P8LaL, @))#, g]kfn clw/fHodf ;d'bfosf cfwfl/t vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfO If]q cfof]hgfsf] lgldQ k|:tfljt C0faf/] ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg

tyf ;'emfj, dlgnf .* P8LaL, @))#, g]kfn clw/fHodf ;fd'bflos kz'kfng ljsf; cfof]hgfsf lglDt k|:tfljt C0faf/] ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIfsf] k|ltj]bg tyf ;'emfj, dlgnf .

lrq ! M g]kfndf P8LaLsf] ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmd,cu:6 @))* ;Dd -bz nfv 8n/df_

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;d'bfodf cfwfl/t vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfOcfof]hgf dWoklZrdf~rn tyf ;'b"/klZrdf~rnIf]qsf cltb'u{d Onfsfx¿df sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf 5g\ /o; cfof]hgfdf a9L ;xeflutfd"ns b[li6sf]0fckgfOPsf] 5 .

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hu]8f af]sf ;d"xsf cGo ;b:onfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/G5 .æo; k|sf/n] of] sfo{qmd qmlds ¿kdf lj:tf/ eO/xG5Æ,zdf{n] eGg'eof] . æpgLx¿ afv|fkfngaf6 b"w a]r]/ cfkm\gf]hLljsf]kfh{g ug'{sf ;fy} cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] kf}li6s tŒj;d]to;}af6 k|fKt u5{g\ .Æ

kz'kfng sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf sf/0f cfof]hgfsf] sfo{If]q lj:tf/ ug{ P8LaLdf a9L dfu cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . a9Lb"w pTkfbg x'gfn] cfof]hgf If ]qsfls;fgx¿n] k|To]s ;ftf ! jf @ lbg …b'UwlabfÚ -ldNs xf]ln8]_ sf] ;fdgf ug'{kl//x]sf]5 . lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs ;+3sf lji0f'/fhe§n] b"w e08f/0f ug]{ gof“ ;'ljwf ljsf;u/]/ kz'kfngnfO{ s[lifhGo pBf]u;“u cfa4ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg'eof] . æa9LpTkfbg ePsf] b"w pkof]u x'g]u/L rLhtyf ld7fO{ sf/vfgfh:tf b'Uw k|zf]wg pBf]uljsf; ug]{ ;Defjgfx¿df xfdLn] Wofglbg'k5{,Æ pxf“n] eGg'eof] .

P8LaLn] g]kfn ;/sf/dfkm{t\ $)) eGbf a9L lhNnf:t/Losfof{no / @)) eGbf a9L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;“u sfd ug{yfln;s]sf] 5, t/ gful/s ;dfhn] cfufdL lbgx¿dfu}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿;“ucem alnof] ;fem]bf/L ljsf; ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8lbPsf] 5 . P8LaLsf] gof“ bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts ;+/rgf,/0fgLlt @)@),( cg';f/ klg of] a'+bf a9L ;fGble{s7xl/G5 . of] /0fgLlts ;+/rgfn] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ cfp“bf]bzssf] kl/jt{gsf kf“r kl/rfnsdWo] Ps dfg]sf] 5 .

æIf]qLo ;xof]u tyf PsLs/0f k|a4{g ug{ u}/;/sf/L;+:yf / gful/s ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿n] If]qLo cg'ejsfcfwf/df P8LaLnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsflgjf{x ug{ ;S5g\,Æ dlxnf pBdL dxf;+3, g]kfnsf cWoIfk|ldnf l/hfnn] eGg'eof] . :yfgLo :t/df cg'udg tyf

d"Nof+sg ug{ / cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L;+:yf tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx¿sf] e"ldsfdfklg hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . ;xefuLx¿n] u}/;/sf/L;+:yfx¿;“u P8LaL k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg x'g'kg] {cfjZostfdf klg hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

P8LaLnfO{ lgDg sfo{df a9L Wofg lbg cfu|x ul/Psf]lyof] M -!_ kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qdf ko{6g k"jf{wf/

ljsf;, -@_ lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx¿nfO{ hf]8\g, pQ/–blIf0f;8s dfu{ / ko{6g uGtJodf a9L hf]8 lb+b} /]Nj], /f]kj],hndfu{ / ljdfg:ynh:tf j}slNks kx'“r cfof]hgf;lxtsRrL ;8s ;~hfnsf] nuftf/ lj:tf/, -#_ pmhf{ ljsf;,h:t} M n3', dWod tyf 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf / j}slNkspmhf{ k|a4{g, -$_ cGt/f{li6«o tyf cfGtl/s ahf/ b'j}nfO{nIo ul/Psf] k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff, -%_ ;"rgftyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw, -^_ d"Nojfg\ u}/–sf7hGo jgk}bfjf/x¿ / cf}iflwhGo tyf ;'ulGwt la?jfsf] pTkfbg,k |zf ]wg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg;lxt s [ l i fsf ]Jofj;flosLs/0f / ahf/ lj:tf/, -&_ t/fO{!) df gof“s[lifhGo pBf]ux¿sf] k'g?Tyfg jf ljsf;, / -*_ ;fdflhss'/Lltx¿ lgoGq0f ug{ r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng .:yfgLo hgtfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 / :jf:Yo ;]jfh:tfIF]qdf klg a9L Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;xefuLx¿sf] ljZjf;/x]sf] lyof] .

( P8LaL, @))*, /0fgLlt @)@) M Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts ;+/rgf @))*–@)@), dlgnf .!) g]kfnsf] ;dy/ If]q, k"j{af6 klZrdtkm{ uPsf] / ef/t;“u ;Ldf ePsf] .

åGå d"Nof+sg M ;a} ;xof]u lgDg p2]Zocg'?k ;dLIff ul/Psf] lyof], -!_ åGåsf] l:yltdf o;nfO{ slt;Dd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 egLljZn]if0f ug{, / -@_ åGåsf d"n sf/0fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]usf ljsNkx¿ k/LIf0f ug{ .

;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmof M :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf / k|lta4tf ;'lglZrt ug{ cfof]hgfsf] :j¿k tof/ kfbf{ / sfof{Gjog ubf{sf ;a}r/0fdf ;d'bfo tyf nfeflGjt JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ pNn]Vo ¿kdf ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 .

;dfj]zL d"nk|jfxLs/0f M klxn]sf k|ult / ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿af6 jl~rt ;d"xdf P8LaLsf] ;xfotf qmlds ¿kn] j[l4 ug{df hf]8 lb+b} ;a};xfotf sfo{qmddf ul/a dlxnf, pk]lIft hghflt tyf hftLo ;d"x / u|fdL0f hgtfsf nflu pknAw cj;/x¿sf] k/LIf0f ul/g]5 .

kf/blz{tf tyf hjfkmb]lxtf M ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, hg;xeflutf / e|i6frf/ 36fpg d2t k'¥ofpg] pkfox¿sf] d"Nof+sg ug{ P8LaL ;xfotfn];xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . :yfgLo:t/df ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f tyf kf/blz{tfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .

;|f]tM P8LaL @))$, /fli6«o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd g]kfn -@))%–@))(_, dlgnf .

sf]i7 @ M /fli6«o ;fem]bf/L /0fgLlt @))%–@))( cGtu{t ;dfj]zL ljsf; tyf glthfd"ns k|lqmof k|a4{g ug{

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Wofjlw ;dLIffsf If ]qLo k/fdz{sf;xefuLx¿ g]kfndf ;z:q åGåsf] cGTokl5ljsf;sf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gfePsf]df ;xdt lyP . b]zsf leqL efudf

ca gfsfaGbLsf] l:ylt 5}g, ;~rf/ Joj:yf ;'rf? ePsf5g\ / w]/}h;f] hgtfn] a9L ;'/lIft tyf zflGtsf] cg'ejug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))^ sf] o'4lj/fd / To;kl5sf/fhgLlts ljsf;qmdn] g]kfn / P8LaLnfO{ ;du| ljsf;lqmofsnfk tLj|t/ ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg] / klxn] kx'“rgk'u]sf If]qdf ;d]t lqmofsnfkx¿ lj:tf/ ug]{ cj;/v'nf u/]sf] 5 .

tyflk b]zsf s]xL efux¿, vf;u/L dWo tyf k"jL{t/fO{df zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf cem} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . tLIF]qdf ;z:q ;d"xx¿ s]xL xb;Dd b08xLgtfsf]cj:yfdf ;~rflnt 5g\ . k"jL{ g]kfnsf Ps ;xefuLsf]egfOdf æclk|nsf] hgqmflGtcl3 xfdLn] Pp6f ;d"x;“udfq ;+jfb ug'{kYof]{, t/ clxn] cfP/ w]/} ;d"x;“u ;+jfbug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .Æ

g]kfnsf :yfgLo lgsfox¿df hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf]cefjnfO{ ljsf; k|of;sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL dx;';ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ljsf; of]hgf th'{df tyf cfof]hgfsfof{Gjogdf afwf k'¥ofPsf] / lg0f{o k|lqmof tyfhjfkmb]lxtfdf kf/blz{tf ;Lldt t'NofPsf] w]/}n] dx;';u/]sf 5g\ . 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx¿n] :yfgLo :t/dfk|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;j{;Ddltsf cfwf/df lnOg]lg0f{osf] u'0f:t/sf ;DaGwdf ldl>t cg'ej ;'gfPsf5g\ . s]xLn] ;f]+r]sf 5g\ ls o;n] lg0f{o lng] k|lqmofdf:yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;zlQms/0f u/]sf] 5 . cGosf]

egfOdf w]/} lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿sf aLr ;j{;Ddltdfk'Ug] k|of; ufx|f] x'g]5 . t/ ;aeGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f s]eg] :yfgLo lgsfodf hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglw gePsfn]pgLx¿ s'g} klg lg0f{o ubf{ hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL 5}gg\ .

clxn]sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg cjlwdf :yfgLo:t/sf] lg0f{ok|lqmofdf /fd|f] hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdf;xefuLx¿n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP . æd'n'ssf] /fhgLlts36gfqmd of]hgfadf]lhd cl3 a9] klg :yfgLo r'gfjtTsfn x'g] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5}g,Æ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;+3 g]kfnsf dxf;lrj x]d/fh nfld5fg]n] eGg'eof] .æTo;}n], ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgsfox¿df /fhgLltsk|ltlglwx¿ tTsfn} lgo'Qm ug]{ / pgLx¿n] ug]{ h'g;'s}lg0f{osf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ g} hjfkmb]xL agfpg] Joj:yful/g'k5{ .Æ d'Qm sd}of ;dfh, alb{ofsf ;b:o s[i0fLb]jLrf}w/Lsf] egfOdf, æs]Gb|Lo ;/sf/af/] xfdLn] ;'g]sfdfq5f}+, t/ :yfgLo ;/sf/ Tof] xf] h;nfO{ xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f}+,cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ .Æ

5nkmndf p7]sf] csf]{ ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo zf;g Joj:yfxf] . æzf;sLo ;'wf/ eg]sf] sd{rf/LtGqsf] ;'wf/eGbfa9L a[xt\ x'g'k5{,Æ k;f{df sfo{/t kqsf/ bLk]Gb| rf}xfgn]eGg'eof] . æzf;sLo ;'wf/sf sfo{qmddf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿,Gofokflnsf / /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g'k5{ .ÆcGo s]xL ;xefuLn] /fhgLlt1x¿k|lt nlIft ljsf;;DaGwL5nkmnsf] cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . æg]kfndf clGtdlg0f{o /fhgLlts bnx¿n] u5{g\, To;}n] Ifdtf clej[l4sfk|of; ltgLx¿dfly s]lGb|t x'g'k5{,Æ sfg'gL ;xfotf tyfk/fdz{ s]Gb|, nlntk'/sf clwjQmf clgtf rfkfufO{+n]eGg'eof] .

åGåkZrft\ MgjLs[t cfzf / r'gf}tL

æo'4 cGTo ePsf] 5, To;}n] hgtfn] ca bf]xf]/f] uf]nfaf/Ldf kl/Pnf eGg] 8/lng'kb}{g .Æ

— jf;'/fd e08f/L, ljsf; kl/of]hgf ;]jf s]Gb|– g]kfn, hfh/sf]6 lhNnf sfof{no

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14

clk|n qmflGtcl3, xfdLn] Pp6f ;d"x;“u dfq ;+jfbug'{kYof]{ t/ clxn] xfdLn] w]/} ;d"x;“u ;+jfbug'{k5{ .

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If]qLo k/fdz{df efu lng] w]/}h;f]sf] egfOdf g]kfnOltxf;d} ;aeGbf sl7g kl/l:yltaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . t/ljutdf jf:tf gul/Psf ;d"xx¿ clxn] cfP/ cfkm\gfclwsf/af/] a9L ;r]t ePsf 5g\ / d'n'ssf] /fhgLlttyf ljsf; k|of;x¿df a9L ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{tkm{cfkm"nfO{ ;+ul7t ul//x]sf 5g\ . æo;cl3sf ;LdfGt /af]Ng g;Sg] ;d"xx¿sf] ;~hfn clxn] cfP/ pNn]Vo¿kdf lj:tf/ ePsf 5g\,Æ x'Dnf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsfk"j{;efklt hLjgaxfb'/ zfxLn] eGg'eof] . æo;n] /fhgLlt

tyf ljsf;df a]jf:tf ul/+b} cfPsf] ;d"xnfO{ cgk]lIftcj;/ pknAw x'g'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf;3fp k'u]sf] 5 .Æ pxf“sf] egfOdf clxn] cfP/ ;/sf// P8LaLnfO{ o:tf ;LdfGt hgtf;Dd k'Ug] / :yfgLo:t/sf;+u7gx¿;“u ;fem]bf/L lj:tf/ ug]{ cj;/ pknAw ePsf]5 .

s]xL ;xefuLsf cg';f/ of] Pp6f o:tf] cj;/ klg xf],h;n] ;/sf/nfO{ 7"nf] r'gf}tL v8f u/]sf] 5 . æx/]s

:t/sf / x/]s s'gfsf dflg;x¿ klxn]eGbf a9L ;r]t5g\,Æ g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn If]qsf] u|fdL0f ;"rgf k|ljlwdfqmflGt Nofpg] Vofltk|fKt ljsf; k|lzIffyL{ dxfjL/ k'gn]eGg'eof] . æ/fhgLlts jfSk6'tfn] dfq ca kof{Kt x'g]l:ylt 5}g .Æ zflGt tyf :yfloTj sfod /fVg cfly{sljsf;nfO{ tLj|t/ t'Nofpg'sf ;fy} u|fdL0f If]qx¿dfgof“ /f]huf/ l;h{gf ug'{kg]{df pxf“n] hf]8 lbg'eof] .o;sf nflu /fhgLlts :yfloTj clgjfo{ ePsf] pxf“sf]egfO lyof] . gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ s]Gb|sf pkfWoIf Clif

zfxn] klg æ;/sf/n] ;+3Lotfsf]kl/k|]Iodf gof“ cfly{s gLltx¿nfO{k'gMkl/eflift ug{df pRr k|fyldstflbg'kg]{Æ wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] .

cGo ;xefuLx¿sf cg';f/ /fhgLltssf]nfxnn] ljsf;sf k|fyldstf cf]em]ndfk/]sf 5g\ . æxfd|f cfjZostfx¿r'gfjkl5 k"/f u5f}{+ egL /fhgLlt1x¿n]eGb} lx“8]sf 5g\,Æ s[i0fLb]jL rf}w/Ln]

eGg'eof], æt/ hgtf ef]s} 5g\ / dl//x]sf 5g\ . d}n]Pshgf /fhgLlt1nfO{ elglbP“ ls r'gfj geP;Dd pgLklg ef]s} a:g'kg]{5 / To;kl5 xfd|f ;d:ofx¿ xfdL;“u}a;]/ ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{5 .Æ

lxd/fO6, x]6f}+8fsf sfo{qmd clws[t 6Lsf sfsL{ klgg]kfnL hgtfsf cfsf+Iffx¿sf] kl/k"lt{ gof“ g]t[Tj / gof“zf;g k|0ffnLdf dfq geO{ ;f]+rfOsf] tl/sfdf x'g] qmflGtdfklg lge{/ ug]{ wf/0ff /fVg'x'G5 . æxfd|f g]tfx¿ / hgtfsf]dgl:yltdf kl/jt{gsf] vf“rf] 5Æ, pxf“n] eGg'eof],æ;–;fgf dfldnfdf /fhgLlts ljjfb ug]{ lbgx¿sf]cGTo x'g}k5{ .Æ

g]kfnsf] Ps k|d'v ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf ¿kdf P8LaLnfO{5nkmndf JoQm ljrf/x¿n] k|ltljlDat ug]{ oyfy{af67"nf] k|efj k5{ . o'4 cGTo eP klg cj:yf cem} t/n /kl/jt{gzLn 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts l:yltdfpNn]Vo k|ult xfl;n geP;Dd of] cj:yf o:t} /xg]5 .;z:q åGåsf] cGTon] gof“ cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ePsf 5g\,t/ u|fdL0f ul/a hgtfnfO{ af“sL ljZj;“u ;Dks{ u/fpg,/fhgLlts tyf ljsf; k|lqmofdf clwsf+z hghflt ;d"xsf];dfg k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{ / gof“ /f]huf/ l;h{gfu/]/ ul/a tyf ljkGg ju{nfO{ km]l/ xltof/ p7fpgaf6/f]Sg ;a} ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿n] clxn]sf ljsf; r'gf}tL;fdgf ub}{ ljBdfg cj/f]wx¿ x6fpg' cfjZos 5 .o;df P8LaLsf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . o:tf] r'gf}tLk"0f{;dodf ;Dks{, pmhf{ ljsf;, /f]huf/ l;h{gf, lzIff, s[lifIF]qsf] Jofj;flosLs/0f / hgr]tgf cfjZos 5g\ .

P8LaL g]kfn

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;8s ;Dks{af6 6f9f

æP8LaLn] d'n'sdf ko{6g k|a4{gsf nflu lxdfnL If]qx¿df uf]/]6f] af6f], k'n /ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .Æ

— ch'{g du/, ;b:o, ;f]n'v'Da' du/ ;+3 tyf ko{6s kyk|bz{s

ljsf;

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lxnf] :yfgLo hgtfsf] cfjfhsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ff;Dks{, ;Dks{, ;Dks{ lyof] . s]xL jif{otf;/sf/ / P8LaL b'j}sf] Ph]G8fdf ;fdfgcf];f/k;f/ tyf dflg;sf] cfjfudg ;xh

t'Nofpg ;8s ;~rfnsf] ljsf;nfO{ pRrtd dxŒjlbOPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf w]/}h;f] e"efu kx'“rljxLg x'g' g}ul/aLsf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] . tL If]qsf afl;GbfnfO{ glhssf];8s;Dd k'Ug} s}of}+ lbg nfU5 . ef}uf]lns ¿kdf ljs6To:tf IF]qdf :jf:Yo ;]jf, ljBfno / cfly{s cj;/x¿5“b} 5}gg\ eGbf x'G5 . Toxf“ hldgsf] pTkfbsTj Go"g

ePsfn] s'g} klg kl/jf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] pAhgLn] jif{e/vfg k'Ub}g . a9L pTkfbg x'g] ;dodf klg ahf/;Ddn}hfg lgs} sl7g 5 . d'n'sdf ePsf] 7"nf] kl/df0fsf]hnljB't\ pTkfbgsf] ;DefJotf / uGg} g;lsg] ko{6guGtJo :ynn] u|fdL0f If]qsf w]/} ul/a ;d'bfonfO{hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;fdfGo cj;/ pknAw u/fpg ;S5g\ .oL :yfgnfO{ d'n'ssf cGo efu / ljZj;“u ;Dks{ sfodu/fpg' g} clxn]sf] d'Vo r'gf}tL xf] . oL ;a} sf/0fx¿n];/sf/ / P8LaLn] ;xh ;Dks{ ljsf;nfO{ d'Vo k|fyldstflbPsf 5g\ .

k

17

dWofjlw ;dLIffsf qmddf k/fdz{ ul/Psf ;xefuLx¿n]lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx¿nfO{ /fli6«o ;8s ;~hfn;“u hf]8\g]/ pQ/–blIf0f ;8s ;Dks{sf] ljsf;nfO{ cfkm\gf] pRrk|fyldstfdf /fv]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] ;DefJo ko{6guGtJo / hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ ;8sn] hf]8\g'kg]{cfjZostf klg cf}+NofP . hxf“ ;8s k'lu;s]sf] 5,Toxf“sf ;xefuLx¿n] eg] dflg;sf] cfjfudg tyf j:t'sf]cf];f/k;f/af6 dfly p7]/ cfod"ns of]hgf, u|fdL0f ljQ/ hgr]tgf clej[l4h:tf sfo{qmd;lxtsf] PsLs[t

ck]lIft kl/0ffdx¿ xfl;n ug]{;'lglZrttfsf nflu cfocfh{gof]hgf, ahf/ ljsf; / u|fdL0fljQdf kx'“r;lxtsf] PsLs[tKofs]hnfO{ ;8skl/of]hgfx¿df ;fd]nul/g'k5{ .

— s[i0f z]/rg, DofUbL

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Kofs]hdf hf]8 lbP . cfoftLt k]6«f]lnod kbfy{dflysf]lge{/tf 36fpg ;Dks{sf cGo dfWod, h:t} ljdfg:yn,/Hh'dfu{, hndfu{ tyf /]Nj]sf] lj:tf/ / ljB'tLo /]Nj];lxtljB't\df cfwfl/t oftfoft ;~hfn k|a4{g ug'{kg]{cfjZostfdf klg pgLx¿n] k|sfz kf/]sf lyP .

æ;8s lgdf{0fdfq kof{Kt x'“b}g,Æ DofUbLsf s[i0f z]/rgn]eGg'eof], ækf]v/f–a]gL ;8s jiff}{+cl3 k"/f ePsf] xf] t/of] ;8sdf d'lZsnn] dfq uf8L rN5g\ . klxn] hltck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof], clxn] Tof] a/fa/sf s[lif pTkfbgkf]v/f cfpg] u/]sf 5}gg\ .Æ cGo ;xefuLh:t} pxf“ klg;x/L If]qsf ahf/df j:t' ljljwLs/0f ug{ / pTkfbga]RgnfO{ rflxg] kx'“r / ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf] ;Lk gePsfn]u|fdL0f ul/ax¿nfO{ cGo kl/k"/s ;xfotf pknAwgu/fO{sg pgLx¿ ;Dks{sf] kmfObf xfl;n ug{ ;Sb}gg\eGg] ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 .

æck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n ug]{ ;'lglZrttfsf nflu cfod"nsof]hgf, ahf/ ljsf; / u|fdL0f ljQdf kx'“r;lxtsf] PsLs[tKofs]hnfO{ ;8s kl/of]hgfx¿df ;fd]n ul/g'k5{,Æz]/rgn] eGg'eof] . pxf“sf] ;'emfjcg';f/ eljiosf ;Dks{cfof]hgfdf n3'ljQ sfo{qmd hf]8]/ nu] ul/ax¿nfO{a9L kmfObf xfl;n ug{ d2t k'U5 .

kf“rj6} If]qsf ;xefuLx¿n] l56f]eGbf l56f] gof“ ;8sx¿sfnf]kq] ug'{ h?/L ePsf]df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . æ;'Vvfofddf k"/f ul/Psf sRrL ;8s jiff{ofd ;'? ePkl5vf]nfn] aufp“5 / Tof] sfd km]l/ ;'? ug'{kg]{ x'G5,Æ hLjgaxfb'/zfxLn] eGg'eof] . ;8snfO{ ;a} df};ddf sfd nfUg]u/Lsfnf]kq] u/]dfq o;n] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo

IF]qdf lbg] jf:tljs kmfObfx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg];xefuLx¿sf] ljZjf; 5 .

d'n'se/sf ;xefuLn] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf pQ/–blIf0f;Dks{ ;8ssf ;fy} dWo–kxf8L!! k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ /sf7df8f}+nfO{ t/fO{;“u hf]8\g] b'|t ultsf] dfu{ -kmf:66«ofs_!@ lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

k/fdz{sf qmddf v'Da', dgfª / d':tfªh:tf b]zsfcltljs6 IF]qdf ko{6g cToGt ;kmn ePsfn] o;n]ul/aL x6fpg d'Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]df af/Daf/ hf]8lbOPsf] lyof] . ;xefuLx¿n] cGo cltljs6 IF]qdf klgko{6gsf] lj:tf/ x'g'kg]{ atfPsf lyP . clxn] lxdfnLko{6g ;u/dfyf If]q / cGgk"0f{ tyf nfª6fª Onfsfdf;Lldt 5 . cGo ;DefJo t/ kx'“r gePsf uGtJox¿,h:t} k"j{df s~rgh+uf ;+/If0f If]qb]lv dWo tyf;'b"/klZrdf~rn If]qdf /f/f /fli6«o lgs'~h / vKt8/fli6«o lgs'~h;Dd ko{6sx¿ ;'udtf;fy k'Ug ;s]sf5}gg\ . æx]g'{xf];\ s;/L ko{6gaf6 v'Da' If]qsf] d'xf/km]l/Psf] 5,Æ ch'{g du/n] eGg'eof], æko{6gåf/f cGoIf]qdf klg To:t} lsl;dsf] cfly{s ¿kfGt/0f x'g;Sg];Defjgf 5 . o;sf nflu xfdLn] ko{6sx¿nfO{tL IF]q;Dd k'¥ofpg uf]/]6f] af6f] / ljdfg:ynx¿agfpg'k5{ .Æ

æko{6sx¿sf] cfudgn] s[lif pTkfbg / :yfgLo x:tsnfsf;fdfgsf] dfu a9\5,Æ cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgfsfcfof]hgf lgb]{zs nfnaxfb'/ u'?ªn] eGg'eof], æko{6gn]ubf{ cGgk"0f{ If]qdf :yfgLo cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5/ a9\bf] cfo tyf k|efjsf/L r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsfsf/0f jg km“8fgL tyf jftfj/0fsf] x|f; lgoGq0f ug{;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .Æ

P8LaLsf] /0fgLlt @)@) n] klg sfo{qmd ;~rfngsfkf“r vf; If]qdWo] jftfj/0fLo ¿kdf bLuf] ljsf;nfO{Ps gof“ /0fgLlts k|fyldstf Pj+ jftfj/0fsf ¿kdfklxNofPsf] 5 . g]kfndf h}ljs ljljwtf ko{6g;“u Psbd}glhs;“u hf]l8Psf] 5 . ;+/If0fsf cfofddf kl/jt{gb]lvPsfn] ;+/If0fsf k|of;x¿df ul/aL 36fpg] nIo klg;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljsf;åf/f k|s[lt;+/If0fsf] nIo xfl;n ug]{ ck]Iff /fv]sf] ;+/If0f If]qcjwf/0ffsf] ;kmntf g]kfndf bLuf] u|fdL0f ljsf;sf]Pp6f k|dfl0ft gd"gf xf] . dWoklZrdf~rn tyf;'b"/klZrdf~rnsf cljsl;t ko{6g uGtJox¿df u|fdL0fljsf;sf o:tf gd"gfnfO{ ;/sf/ / P8LaLn] k|of]u ug]{/fd|f] ;Defjgf 5 .

!! blIf0fdf ;dy/ t/fO{ / pQ/df lxdfnoaLr k"j{af6 klZrdtkm{ uPsf] kxf8L If]q . t/fO{kl5 of] g]kfnsf] bf];|f] a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] If]q xf] .!@ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ t/fO{ If]q;“u hf]8\g] b'|t ultsf] dfu{ k|:tfljt &$ lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] / rf/n]gsf] /fhdfu{ xf] .

P8LaL g]kfn

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æ;a}hgf bfaL u5{g\ ls ltgLx¿ ul/aL 36fpgsf nflu sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ t/ d]/f]ljrf/df ltgLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g ls sf] ul/a xf] .Æ

—s[i0fLb]jL rf}w/L, ;b:o, d'Qm sd}of ;dfh, alb{of

kfnsf /fhgLlts tyf ljsf; k|of;x¿df;dfj]zLs/0f Pp6f gof“ dGq ePsf] 5 .g]kfnh:tf] ljljw ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yfsfljleGg ;d"x a;f]af; ug]{ / ef}uf]lns ljljwtf

ePsf] ax'hftLo /fi6«df cfly{s j[l4n] dfq ul/aLsf];d:of xn ug{ ;ls+b}g . o;sf nflu a9L ;dtfd"ns;Gt'ng ljsf; ug'{ d'Vo r'gf}tL ePsf] of]hgfljb\x¿n]:jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ / o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] tLgjifL{o cGtl/dljsf; of]hgf -@)^$–^&_ df ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .o;n] æ;dfj]zL ljsf; k|lqmof tyf nlIft sfo{qmd;~rfngÆ df a9L k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . P8LaLsf] /fli6«o

;fem]bf/L /0fgLltn] klg æ;dfj]zL ;fdflhs ljsf;ÆnfO{ cfkm\gf rf/ /0fgLlts cfwf/:tDedWo] Pp6f dfg]sf]5 . o; /0fgLltn] æa9L ;dfj]zL ljsf; tyfkl/0ffdd'vL k|lqmof k|a4{gÆ sf nflu cjnDag ul/g]pkfox¿sf] vf]hL u/]sf] 5 . 5flgPsf lhNnfx¿sf]dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s / n}+lus ;"rsf+ssf cfwf/dfcfof]hgf :ynx¿ 5gf}6 ubf{ klg of] s'/fnfO{ k|ltljlDatul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} P8LaLsf] ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt;a} cfof]hgfn] ul/a dlxnf, pk]lIFt hghflt tyfhftLo ;d"x / u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ cj;/klxrfg ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

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tyflk ;a} :yfgLo ;xefuLx¿ oL gLlt k|efjsf/L ¿kdfsfof{Gjog ePsf 5g\ eGg]df ljZj:t 5}gg\ . Pshgf;xefuLn] pNn]v u/]cg';f/ lhNnfleqsf] ;fdflhs cfly{scGt/ olt 7"nf] 5 ls lhNnf:t/sf kl/;"rsn] lhNnfleqsf;d"xaLr /x]sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s cGt/ b]vfp“b}g .ælhNnf:t/Lo ;fdflhs cfly{s tYof+s lj:tf/ u/]/dfqlhNnfleqsf ljleGg ;d'bfo / hghflt ;d"xsf] ;fdflhs,cfly{s cGt/ /fd|f];“u olsg ug{ ;lsG5,Æ x]d/fhnfld5fg]n] eGg'eof] . o;sf] cy{ :yfgLo:t/sf] of]hgfagfpg lhDd]jf/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt jf kl5 uP/;+3Lo ;+/rgfcGtu{t j}slNks :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cg'udgIfdtf tyf ;"rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9t'Nofpg'k5{ . lhNnfleqsf] :ki6 hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ P8LaLn]cfkm\g} :ynut ;j]{If0f / cg'udg sfo{ lj:tf/ug{;S5 . nlIft ;d"x klxrfg ug{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg;xefuLx¿n] ul/aLsf] :ki6 kl/efiff / lhNnfx¿sf] ul/aLljj/0f tof/ kfg{ dfu u/]sf lyP .

pk]lIFt ;d"xx¿ ;dfhsf] d"nk|jfxaf6 cnlUug'sf ;fy}ltgsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQm gx'g] / pgLx¿ cfkm\gf]cfjfh cfkm}+ p7fpg;d]t ;Ifd gePsfn] ;fdfGotofo:tf] ju{ ljsf; k|of;af6 jl~rt /xG5g\ eGg];xefuLx¿sf] k|ltlqmof 5 . o;cg';f/ a9L af]Ng;Sg]dflg;n] g} ;a}sf] Wofg cfs[i6 ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ljsf; lgsfo tyf ljsf; k|lzIffyL{{x¿sf] ;Dks{df klga9L cfp“5g\ . æxfdL hghflt / pk]lIFt ;d"xsf af/]dfs'/f u5f}{+, t/ gu/ tyf ;x/x¿df ;'ljwfo'Qm hLjglatfpg] cNk;+Vos hghflt klg hghflt g} x'g\ / nlIftsfo{qmddf gfddf a9L kmfObf lng]df pgLx¿ g} k5{g\,ÆdLgfb]jL ;f]jn] eGg'eof], æhf] ;f“lRrs} b'u{d ufp“dfljkGg cj:yfdf 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ xfdL slxNo} b]Vb}gf}+ .Æ;/sf/n] sd}of!# jf a“w'jf sfdbf/ d'Qm u/] klg æxfdLnfO{eg] lal;{Psf]Æ pgn] u'gf;f] ul/g\ . æt/ o;df klg;/sf/ ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sd}ofx¿nfO{ h'nfO{@))) df lhDd]jf/Laf6 5'6\sf/f lbOof] . To;kl5 w]/}n]

cfkm\gf dflnssf 3/ Tofu], t/ pgLx¿nfO{ gof“ 3/ /hLljsf]kfh{gsf cj;/ lbnfpg ;/sf/ c;kmn ePsf]5,Æ pxf“n] eGg'eof] . æxfd|f] 3/ gePsf] / s'g} sfd;d]tgePsfn] xfdLdWo] w]/} /fli6«o h+un km“8fgL ug{ afWoePsf 5f}+ .Æ

!# sd}of Joj:yfnfO{ dWo tyf ;'b"/klZrsf kf“r t/fO{ lhNnfdf kf“r ztfAbLeGbf a9L ;do;Dd c“uflnPsf] lyof] . e"ldljxLg tyf sfd gePsf dflg;n] vfg /af“Rgsf nflu hldgbf/af6 C0f kfp“y] . To;sf] ;§f pgLx¿n] bf;h:t} eP/ hldgbf/sf] hUufdf a;]/ sfd ug'{kYof]{ . hldgbf/;“u lnPsf] C0fsf] Aofh rsf]{ x'GYof]/ To;nfO{ r'Qmf ug{ k"/} kl/jf/n] jiff}{+ / k':tf}+;Dd bf; eP/ sfd ug'{kg]{ afWotf lyof] .

lhNnf:t/Lo ;fdflhs cfly{s tYof+snfO{ a9fP/dfq lhNnfx¿leqsf ljleGg ;d'bfox¿ / hghflt;d"xx¿sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s cj:yfx¿sf] cGt/nfO{/fd|f];“u olsg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

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æÆ

21

af]Ng g;Sg]x¿sf cfjfh ;'lgG5 egL ;'lglZrt ug{ P8LaLn]u|fdL0f tyf lhNnf:t/Lo k/fdz{x¿ ug'{kg]{ -s]Gb|Lo tyfIf]qLodfq xf]Og_ ;'emfj ;xefuLx¿n] lbPsf lyP . ltgsfcg';f/ s]Gb|Lo tyf If]qLo:t/sf ;+u7gx¿df cltljkGgju{sf] k|ltlglwTj /xg] ;Defjgf x'“b}g . To;}n], pk]lIft;d"xsf] dfu / ljrf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ d~rsf] Joj:yf

ug{ s'g} vf; If]q jf lhNnfdf k|To]s jif{ 3'DtL k/fdz{ug'{kg]{ ;xefuLx¿sf] ;'emfj lyof] .

;dLIffsf nflu k/fdz{ ul/Psfx¿sf] egfOdf n}+lusc;dfgtf Ps dfld{s ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ælsgk'?if / dlxnfsf] Hofnfdf leGgtf 5 <Æ u|fdL0f dlxnf

c¿0f /f0ff

22

dlxnfx¿ laxfg $ ah]b]lv /flt !) ah];Dd sfdu5{g\ t/ ltgLx¿sf] sfdnfO{ slxNo} sb/ul/+b}g .

—ef/tL rf}w/L, s~rgk'/

æÆ

hfu/0f ljsf; d~r, ;'g;/Lsf;b:o eujtL rf}w/Ln] k|Zg ug'{eof]. To:t} yf¿ dlxnf ;+3, dx]Gb|gu/sf;b:o ef/tL rf}w/Ln] eGg'eof],ædlxnfx¿ laxfg $ ah]b]lv /flt!) ah];Dd sfd u5{g\ t/ pgLx¿sf]sfdnfO{ slxNo} sb/ ul/+b}g .Æ

pgL / cGo s}of}+ dlxnfx¿n] xfnsf]n} + lus ;zlQms/0f sfo{qmddfk'?ifnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpgdf ePsf]c;kmntfsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\,h;n] k'?ifsf] Jojxf/nfO{ ;Daf]wgug{ / kl/jt{g ug{df ;d:of kf/]sf] 5 . dlxnfdflysf]n}+lus lje]bsf] d"n sf/0f oxL xf] .

dlxnf ;zlQms/0f;DaGwL sfddf P8LaLsf] lgs} klxn]b]lv;+nUgtf /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))^ df n}+lus ;dfgtf P]gkfl/t ug{ o;n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] . P8LaLn]n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnfx¿sf] ;zlQms/0f cfof]hgf!$

sf nflu !=)&% s/f]8 8n/ ;xfotf pknAw u/fPsf]

5 . o;af6 dlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s, sfg'gL tyf ;fdflhs;zlQms/0f ;'lglZrt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

hghftLo ckl/jt{lgotfsf ;DaGwdf klg af/Da/ ;/f]sf/b]vfOPsf] lyof] . sltko ;d"xnfO{ cfkm\gf] k/Dk/futhLjg z}nLaf6 d'Qm x'g ufx|f] kg'{sf] Ps k|d'v sf/0f oxLxf] . æsIff % df 5“bf xfdLn] k9\g'kYof]{ ls hLjg /fO{Pp6f l;kfxL xf],Æ g]kfn cflbjf;L gful/s dxf;+3sf

dxf;lrj /fdaxfb'/ yfkf du/n] eGg'eof], ædfgf}+, /fO{;dfhsf ;b:ox¿sf] p2]Zo g} ;]gfdf etL{ x'g' xf] /afx'gn] lzIfs aGg] / g]jf/n] Jofkf/sf] sfd ug'{k5{ .xfd|f s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ eg] kl/jlt{t dfGotfcg';f/ x'sf{pg'h¿/L 5 .Æ

P8LaLn] r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿df a9L nufgL ug'{kg]{;xefuLx¿sf] ljZjf; 5 . o;n] dfgjLo cfr/0fdfkl/jt{g Nofpg] pgLx¿ atfp“5g\ . ltgsf ljrf/df

cf}krfl/s lzIffn] dfq ufp“df ljBdfglje]bk"0f{ ;f]rfO x6fpg ;ls+b}g .ljBfno ghfg] jf ljBfno 5f8]sf;d"xdf o;n] sfd ub}{g . tyflk of]IF]qdf P8LaL ;xL af6f]df cl3 a9]sf];xefuLx¿sf] egfO 5 . P8LaLsf;a } ljsf; k |o f;x¿df;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ hf]8 lbg'kg]{ ltgn]

atfP . hftLo ;d"xleq ul/asf] cfjZostfnfO{ a]jf:tfx'g glbg P8LaLn] ljz]if xf]l;of/L k'¥ofpg'kg]{df klg;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;ts{ u/fP . æg]kfndf ;fdfGotofhftLo ;d"x¿eGbf hghflt ;d"xx¿ kmfObfaf6 a9Ljl~rt 5g\, t/ dWo tyf ;'b"/klZrd If]qdf o:tf7fp“x¿ klg 5g\ hxf“ afx'g / If]qLx¿ ;aeGbf a9Lul/a 5g\!%,Æ ljsf; kl/of]hgf ;xof]u s]Gb|–g]kfn,sflnsf]6sf bbL/fh cof{nn] eGg'eof] .

!$ P8LaL, @))#, n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnfx¿sf] ;zlQms/0f cfof]hgfsf nflu ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIfåf/f g]kfn clw/fHosf] lglDt k|:tfljt C0f;DaGwL k|ltj]bgtyf ;'emfj, dlgnf .

!% afx'gx¿ -lxGb' wd{df k'/f]lxt hft_ / If]qLx¿ -n8fs' hft_ ;fdfGotof a9L ;'ljwfk|fKt dflgG5, lsgeg] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df zlQmsf] ks8 ltgLx¿sf] xftdf /x]sf]5 .

blnt sNof0f ;+3sf cWoIf df]tL g]kfnLsf cg';f/ g]kfndf s'n hg;+Vofsf] !#k|ltzt blnt 5g\ . ltgLx¿ b]zsf cltpk]lIft ;d'bfosf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . blnt;d'bfo cfkm\gf] hLljsf wfGg k/Dk/fut ;Lkx¿, h:t} wft';DaGwL sfd / k/Dk/fut;+uLt ahfpg] sfd u5{g\ . æclxn] oL ;fdfg Jofj;flos tj/n] pTkfbg ul/g] x'“bfahf/df ;lhn} pknAw 5g\ t/ pTkfbg laqmL ug{ sl7gfO eO/x]sf] 5,Æ pxf“n]eGg'eof], æpgLx¿ w]/}h;f] clzlIft ePsfn] c¿ sfd kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .Æ g]kfnLn]blntx¿nfO{ nIo u/]/ ljz]if sfo{qmd Nofpg P8LaL;“u cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . æPp6f/f]huf/ kl/of]hgfn] blntx¿sf] k/Dk/fut ;LknfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpgdf hf]8 lbg;S5 /ltgLx¿sf pTkfbg laqmL ug{ ahf/ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] ljsf;df d2t ug{;S5 .Æ

sf]i7– # M blntx¿nfO{ ljz]if hf]8

23

ljsf;

/f}gLof/

24

afnL, kmnkm"n, kz' tyf cGoæ/fd|f] afnL kfpg xfdLn] k"/} aiff{t\df e/ kg'{k5{ / xfdLnfO{ /fd|f]aLp / kof{Kt dndf kx'“r 5}g .Æ

— u'0flglw ltjf/L, ;b:o, ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] ;xsf/L lnld6]8, wflbª

;f}+ of]hgf cjlw -cfly{s jif{ @)%(–@)^$_df jflif{s @=& % cf};t j[l4 b/n] s[lifsf]ljsf; k|lts"n /x\of] . ;g\ !((% df nfu"ul/Psf] bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfn] s[lif ljsf;

b/nfO{ jflif{s %% k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] lyof] . b;f}+of]hgfsf] tNnf] k|If]k0f jflif{s sl/a $=!% k|ltzt lyof] .

;dLIffdf ;xefuL w]/}h;f]n] s[lif ;fdu|Lx¿, l;“rfO, dntyf pGgt aLpsf] cefjsf ;fy;fy} afnL ljljwLs/0fPj+ ahf/ lj:tf/df sdhf]/ sfo{;Dkfbg ePsf] cfIf]knufPsf lyP . ;xefuLx¿n] u}/sf7hGo jg k}bfjf/ tyfcf}iflwhGo / af;gfbf/ la?jfx¿sf] ;'wfl/Psf] pTkfbgtyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] atfPsflyP . k/fdz{sf qmddf JoQm ul/Psf] ;/f]sf/df s[lifljsf;sf] :t/df ljBdfg If]qLo leGgtfx¿ k|ltljlDatePsf] lyof] . k"jf{~rn If]qsf jQmfx¿n] ahf/ Joj:yfkgsfdfldnfaf/] a9L s'/f u/]sf lyP, hals d'n'ssf] cGo

efusf k|ltlglwn] s[lif ;fdu|Lx¿ j[l4 ul/g'kg]{df a9Lhf]8 lbPsf lyP .

k"jf{~rn If]qn] pRr d"Nosf s[lif pTkfbgx¿ h:t} lroftyf ;'tL{sf] /fd|f] pTkfbgaf6 kmfObf xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf ;b:o eLidf j}Bn] To;If]qsf] ahf/Ls/0f ;/f]sf/x¿af/] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ eGg'ePsf]5 ls æxfdLn] xfd|f pTkfbgx¿sf] u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0fug{df w]/} sl7gfOx¿ a]xf]g'{k/]sfn] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/dfplrt d"No kfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ .Æ æ;/sf/n] Pp6fk|df0fLs/0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 .Æ k"jf{~rndf s[lifpTkfbgx¿nfO{ cfGtl/s ahf/ vf]hL ug'{ klg r'gf}tLk"0f{dflgPsf] 5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, t]x|y'dsfjl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t cg'knfn zfxsf] egfOcg';f/æg]kfnsf s[lifhGo pBf]ux¿n] xfd|f pTkfbgx¿ vl/bub}{gg\ lsgls s]rk agfpgsf nflu xfd|f] uf]ne]8fdfbfgfx¿ w]/} x'G5g\ .Æ

b

24

25

s]xL s[lifdf afujfgL;DaGwL pTkfbgx¿sf] ahf/Ls/0fnfO{oftfoftsf] ;fwg geP/ klg ;Lldt t'NofPsf] 5 . ælxdfnLIf]qx¿df pRr u'0f:t/sf :ofpx¿ pTkfbg ul/G5 t/;8s geP/ ltgLx¿nfO{ ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;ls+b}g,Ædgfª o'jf Snasf cWoIf Pj+ otL Po/nfoG;sf kfOn6l6«kn kL= u'?ªn] eGg'eof] . æxfdLn] ;Dks{ a9fpgdfa9L nufgL ug'{kg]{5 .Æ pxf“sf] egfOdf of] lj:tf/nfO{;8sdf dfq ;Lldt ul/g' x'“b}g h'g ;a} 7fp“x¿dfcfjZos kb}{g . æP8LaLn] cGo a9L ;DefJo ljsNkx¿dfklg nufgL ug'{kg]{5, h:t} /Hh'dfu{x¿ / ljB'tLos]ansf/x¿ .Æ

s[lif pTkfbsTjsf nflu l;“rfOsf] cefj Pp6f 7"nf]cj/f]wsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . æxfdL xfd|f afnLx¿sf nfluk"0f{ ¿kn] a;f{t\sf] kfgLdf lge{/ x'G5f}+, ljz]if u/]/ wfgsfnflu, h'g pknAw kfgLsf] kl/df0f;“u a9L ;+j]bgzLnx'G5,Æ u'0flglw ltjf/Ln] eGg'eof] . kf“r} If]qx¿df l;“rfO;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{sf nflu nufgLsf] cfjZostfnfO{cf}+NofOPsf] lyof] . s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] sl/a #^%

s[lifsf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 / *)% eGbf a9L hg;+Vofs[lifdf sfd ub{5g\ . ;fd'bflos e"ldut hnpkef]Qmfx¿sf] lhNnf ;+3, emfkfsf g/]z nfld5fg]sf]egfOdf æcfly{s j[l4 s[lifsf] ljsf;df lge{/ /xG5, h'ga;f{t\df a9L lge{/ x'G5 .Æ

g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] lrof pRr u'0f:t/sf]5 tfklg xfdL bflh{lnªsf] lrof;/xsf]d"Nodf laqmL ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ .

—eLidf j}B, Onfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf

æÆ

25

P8LaL g]kfn

cfjf;

Lo lgof]u

26

k/fdz{sf cGo ;xefuLn] P8LaL cfof]hgfsf] lj:tf/ /a9L l;h{gzLntfsf] cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ . ælxdfnL tyfkxf8L If]qdf kz' ljsf; ul/aL x6fpg] Pp6f ;DefJoljsNksf ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5,Æ 6's/fh zdf{n] eGg'eof] .æt/ P8LaLn] o;sf nflu kz' ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿nfO{a9L If]qdf lj:tf/ ug'{k5{ .Æ

æafnL ljljwLs/0f tyf s[lifsf] Jofj;flosLs/0f g} pko'Qmdfu{ xf] . klZrdL kxf8x¿df skmL v]tLaf6 a9L d'gfkmfeO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ug'{k5{ t/ g]kfnL skmLsf] a|fG8 lgwf{/0f ug]{tkm{ klgljrf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;n] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df xfd|F]

pTkfbgsf] dfu a9\g]5,Æ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no,Ko"7fgsf sfzL g]kfnLn] eGg'eof] . kf“r}j6f If]qdfk/Dk/fut s[lif k|0ffnL / pTkfbgeGbf dfly p7]/ x]g'{kg]{cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . dWoklZrd tyf;'b"/klZrdsf ;xefuLx¿n] pRr d"Nosf u}/sf7hGojg k}bfjf/ tyf cf}iflwhGo / af;gfbf/ la?jfx¿k|To]s jif{ 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ef/t tyf hgjfbL u0ftGqrLgsf] :jzflift If]q ltAatdf lgsf;L x'g] u/]sf]hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . æJofj;flos v]tL tyf lgsf;Lsf]k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgaf6 g]kfnsf] u|fdL0f If]qsf w]/}ul/ax¿n] /fd|f] cfo ug{ ;Sg]5g\,Æ x'Dnfsf hLjgzfxLn] eGg'eof] .

ljsf;

/f}gLof/

27

ljsf;

/f}gLof/

28

Iffdf nufgL ug'{ eg]sf] xfd|f] eljiosfnflu nufgL ug'{ xf] . lzIff tyf hgr]tgf/fi6« lgdf{0fsf k|d'v cfwf/ x'g\ . eujtLrf}w/Ln] Pp6f k/fdz{ a}7sdf eg]sL

lyOg\, æg]kfnsf k|To]s ufp“df lzIff tyf r]tgfd"nssfo{qmd n}hfg';\, Toxf“ ul/aL /xg] 5}g .Æ

;/sf/n] ah]6sf] sl/a !&% lzIff If]qsf nflu nufgLug]{ u/]sf] 5 t/ To:tf] lzIffsf] vf;} sfd 5}g h;n]ul/anfO{ /f]huf/ ;'lglZrt ub}{g . g]kfn tyf ljb]z b'j}7fp“df /f]huf/sf nflu ;Lkx¿ ljsf; ug]{tkm{ lzIffn]hf]8 lbg'kg]{ ;xefuLx¿sf] ts{ lyof] . pgLx¿n] P8LaLsf]/f]huf/sf nflu ;Lk cfof]hgfsf] k|z+;f u/] t/ o;nfO{b]zsf w]/} efux¿df lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ pgLx¿sf] dfulyof] .

æb; lhNnfdf :yfgLo :t/sf #),))) dflg;nfO{ k|lzIf0flbg] cfof]hgfn] k'Ub}g,Æ du/ /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf ;b:ohut\ n+uxnLn] eGg'eof], æj}b]lzs /f]huf/df s]lGb|ts]Gb|Lo:t/sf] tflnd /fd|f] xf] t/ P8LaLn] :yfgLo /f]huf/sfnflu k/Dk/fut ;Lk clej[l4 ug]{u/L a9L :yfgLo tflndlbg'k5{, h;n] ubf{ xfd|f hgtf sfdsf nflu ljb]zhfg' gk/f];\ .Æ

/fd|f] j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿df ;Lksf]sdL tyf :yfgLo:t/df /f]huf/ lbnfpg] kof{Kt ;~hfngePsf]df dWo tyf ;'b"/klZrd If]qsf ;xefuLx¿n]u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . æxfd|f y'k|} dflg;x¿ sfdsf] vf]hLdfef/t hfG5g\ t/ ltgn] Hofb} sd tnadf sfd ug'{k5{ .cfkm\gf] If]qdf P8LaL ;Lk kl/of]hgf lj:tf/ xf];\ eGg]pgLx¿sf] O{R5f 5,Æ s~rgk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf;b:o k|]d cof{nn] eGg'eof] . æj}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflultgLx¿nfO{ ljlzi6 ;Lk k|bfg u/]df pgLx¿sf] cfodfpNn]Vo j[l4 x'g;S5 .Æ

af“s] lhNnf cbfntsf clwjQmf bLksaxfb'/ l;+xn] dWotyf ;'b"/klZrdf~rn If]qdf k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos

eljiosf nflu nufgLæTo:tf] lzIffsf] s] sfd h;n] xfdLnfO{ /f]huf/L lb“b}g .Æ

— tf/f /fhL, /fhL ;dfh, s}nfnL

lz

29

lzIff k|bfg ug]{ pRr lzIff k|lti7fgx¿sf] cfjZostfdfhf]8 lbg'eof] .

lzIfs tflndsf nflu P8LaL ;xof]usf ;DaGwdf;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof cfPsf] lyof] t/ lzIfsn] sfdug'{kg]{ ljBfnosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/nfO{ To;df ;dfj]zgul/Psf]df sfo{qmdsf] cfnf]rgf eof] . æxfdL lzIfsnfO{tflnd lbG5f}+ t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ¿vd'lg a;]/ k9fpg

g]kfnsf k|To]s ufp“df z}lIfsr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfngug'{k5{, To;kl5 Toxf“ s'g}ul/aL /xg] 5}g .

— eujtL rf}w/L, ;'g;/L

æÆ

P8LaL g]kfn

cfjf;

Lo lgof]u

30

k7fp“5f}+,Æ k[YjLgf/fo0f gu/kflnsf, uf]/vfsf k"j{k|d'vljZj]Zj/ s§]nn] eGg'eof] .

;xefuLx¿n] lzIff If]qdf ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] cfjZostfcf}+Nofpg'sf ;fy} ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf]dxŒjdfly hf]8 lbPsf lyP . k/fdz{sf qmddf lzIfs5gf}6df x'g] gftfjfb lgoGq0f ug{ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{To;sf] lhDdf lbg'kg]{ ;'emfj cfPsf] lyof] . gftfjfbnfO{cfhsf] Pp6f k|d'v ;d:of dflgPsf] 5 .

u|fdL0f If]qdf ljBfno pQL0f{ u/]sfx¿sf nflu /f]huf/;'lglZrt ug{ gLlt th'{df ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdf klg hf]8lbOPsf] lyof] . o;n] cGo JolQmnfO{ klg cfkm\gf] k9fOk"/f ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{5 . ælxdfnL If]qdf w]/} sd dlxnfn]dfWolds ljBfno pQL0f{ u/]sf 5g\,Æ dlxnf ljsf;

ljefu, d'u'sf k'ikf l/hfnn]eGg'eof], ædfWolds ljBfnopQL0f { dlxnfsf nf lu;/sf/n] /f]huf/ ;'lglZrtug'{k5{, h;n] cGo dlxnfnfO{klg ljBfno hf“bfsf] dxŒjyfxf x'G5 .Æ

z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf] cfsf/h:t} o;sf] u'0f:t/ klg dxŒjk"0f{ePsf] 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx¿n] atfPsf lyP . lj/f6lzIff tflnd s]Gb|sf k|frfo{ l8NnL kf]v/]nn] eGg'eof],æv'b egf{ b/ a9]sf] 5 / ljBfno hfg] 5fqfx¿sf] ;+Vofklg j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5, t/ csf]{ r'gf}tL eg]sf] ltgLx¿nfO{k|fylds tyf dfWolds ljBfnodf l6sfO/fVg' xf] .Æ

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] P8LaLsf] ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt/f]huf/sf nflu ;Lk cfof]hgfsf] lj:tf/ tyf :yfgLok/Dk/fut ;Lkdf a9L hf]8 lbg'sf ;fy} :yfgLo :t/dfpTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf cj;/x¿sf] klgdfu u/]sf lyP . ljBfnosf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ;'wf/ /;/sf/nfO{ gLltut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zocg'?k lzIffIf ]qdf ;xof ]u hf/L /fVg'kg] { k/fdz{df cfPsf;xefuLx¿sf] dfu lyof] .

lxdfnL If]qx¿df w]/} sd dlxnfx¿n] dfWoldsljBfno pQL0f{ u/]sf 5g\ .

—k'ikf l/hfn, dlxnf ljsf; ljefu, d'u'

æ ÆP8

LaL g]kfn c

fjf;Lo lgof]u

31

æxfdL lgof{tdf cfwfl/t hnzlQm kl/of]hgfsf lj/f]wL xf]Ogf}+ . t/ ;/sf/n];Demf}tfdf ;dfg zt{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ cfjZos 5 / o:tf kl/of]hgfaf6 :yfgLohgtfnfO{ clwstd nfe xfl;n x'g'k5{ .Æ

— lrqf+u yfkf, ;+jfbbftf, s~rgk'/

pmhf{, l;“rfO / lkpgsf nflulxdfnL hnsf] pkof]u

kfpnf] :klG6u6L

32

pmhf{ ljsf; clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] / o;sf nflu/fhgLlts k|lta4tf dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

————— dxfjL/ k'g, DofUbL

æ Æ

kfndf Jofj;flos pmhf{sf] Psbd} cefj5 . ;g\ @))* df g]kfnLx¿n] k|lt;ftf $)3G6f;Dd nf]8;]l8ª Joxf]g'{k/]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n]k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ lsGg 3G6f}+ nfd a:g'k/]sf]

5 . a9\bf] oftfoft vr{sf sf/0f ;fdfgsf] d"Nodf ef/Lj[l4 ePsf] 5 . pBf]usf nflu lgoldt pmhf{ cfk"lt{sf]cefjn] cfly{s sfo{;Dkfbgdf cj/f]w v8f ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnn] cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] Jofj;flos pmhf{sf] dfu d'VotofcfoftLt k]6«f]lnod kbfy{x¿af6 k"/f u5{ . t]nsf] d"NodfsdL cfpg] ;Defjgf emLgf] eP klg #! k|ltzt hgtful/aLsf] /]vfd'lg hLjgofkg ug]{ b]zdf k|efjsf/Lcfk"lt{sf nflu k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No j[l4 ug'{ /fhgLlts¿kdf b'M:jKg x'g;S5 . o;n] g]kfnnfO{ cfkm\g} hn;|f]tsf]ljsf;åf/f hnljB't\ pTkfbg u/]/ t]ndflysf] lge{/tfqmdzM 36fp“b} n}hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .

b]zsf] ;Lldt sf]ifsf sf/0f 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf];~rfng r'gf}tLk"0f{ eP klg ;dLIffdf efu lng] w]/}h;f];xefuLn] o;sf] cGo s'g} ljsNk gePsf] ljZjf;JoQm u/]sf lyP . æpmhf{ ljsf; g} eljio xf] / o;sfnflu /fhgLlts k|lta4tf dxŒjk"0f{ 5,Æ dxfjL/ k'gn]eGg'eof], æo;sf nflu cfGtl/s lghL If]qsf ;fy} ljb]zL

nufgL cfslif{t ug{ xf]l;of/Lsf ;fy of]hgf ug'{kg]{ /cg's"n jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{kg]{5 .Æ

l5d]sL d'n's ef/tn] ul//x]sf] tLj| cfly{s j[l4 /zx/Ls/0f;“u} Toxf“ ljB't\ lgof{t ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf a9]sf]5 . d'n'sdf j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] cfjZostf 36fpgljb]zdf pmhf{ laqmL ug]{ jf o;nfO{ cfGtl/s dfu k"/fug{df k|of]u ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf g]kfnleq rsf]{ ljjfb5 . d'n'ssf] pkof]u x'g g;s]sf hnljB't\ ;|f]tx¿pkof]u ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf eg] ;a}sf] alnof] ;xdltb]lvG5 .

æ7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljsf; ljB't\ pTkfbgsfnflu dfq geO{ u|fdL0f /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu ;d]tcfjZos 5,Æ k 'gn] eGg 'eof ] . æo;sf nflunufgLstf{x¿sf] ljZjf; clej[l4 ug{ P8LaLh:tf]ax'/fli6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] nufgL dxŒjk"0f{ x'g]5 .Æ

s]xL ;xefuLn] ljB'tLo /]n /s]ansf/ k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug]{bL3{sfnLg sfo{qmddf hf]8lbP . hnzlQmn] lgw{g b'u{d;d'bfonfO { klg kmfObfk'¥ofpg ;Sg]5 . ;DefJok | lj lwsf ] cWoog ug ] {

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf k|flS6sn PS;gsf ;'/hs'df/ zdf{n]eGg'eof], æu|fdL0f If]qx¿, hxf“sf :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{/fli6«o lu|8df ;Dks{ :yflkt u/fpg ;Dej 5}g, To:tf]IF]qdf P8LaLn] n3' hnljB't\ cfof]hgf / pmhf{sf cGoj}slNks ;|f ]tx¿sf ] ljsf;df ;xof ]u ug' {kg ] {cfjZostf 5 .Æ

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b]zn] cfkm\gf] hn;|f]tnfO{ cGo pkfoaf6 klg /fd|f] pkof]uug{ ;Sg'kg]{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ atfp“5g\ . lhNnf ;fd'bflose"ldut hn pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, emfkfsf ;b:o g/]znfld5fg]n] Pp6f k/fdz{ e]nfdf eg]sf lyP, æs[lif If]qsf]sdhf]/ sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d'Vo sf/0f l;“rfOsf] cefj xf] .g]kfnn] ax'2]ZoLo hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfx¿df hf]8 lbg'k5{,h;n] d'n'ssf] pmhf{ cfjZostf / s[lifsf cfjZostfnfO{;Daf]wg ug]{5 .Æ

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P8LaLn] oL nIox¿ xfl;n ug{ kf“rj6f cfof]hgfdfkm{t\;/sf/nfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ;xefuLx¿n] oLcfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogk|lt ;Gt'li6 JoQm u/]sf lyP . ;a}g]kfnLn] :jR5 vfg]kfgLdf kx'“r gkfP;Dd o; If]qdfP8LaLn] cfkm\gf] nufgLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ pgLx¿sf]

ædgsfdgf s]ansf/sf] ;kmntfnfO{ x]g'{xf];\,Æ dgfª o'jf Snasf cWoIf tyf lghL jfo';]jfsf kfOn6 l6«Kkn kL= u'?ªn] eGg'eof], æxfdLcfkm";“u ePsf] k|r'/ hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u u/L hnljB't\ ljsf; ug{ / s]ansf/ tyf ljB'tLo /]Nj]sf nflu OGwg cfk"lt{ ug{;S5f}+ .;8sx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{eGbf s]ansf/x¿sf] ljsf; Psbd} ;:tf] x'G5 / bL3{sfndf jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs nfutnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ljB'tLo /]Nj]x¿ klg ;:tf] kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} oL k|ljlwn] cfoftLt OGwgdflysf] lge{/tf klg x6fpg]5 .Æ

sf]i7 $ M j}slNks OGwg k|of]u x'g] oftfoft ;fwgsf nflu hnzlQmsf] ljsf;

;'emfj lyof] . ltgn] cfof]hgf dd{t;Def/sf ;DaGwdfeg] rf;f] b]vfPsf lyP . 8f]Nkf z}lIfs, ;fdflhs tyfjftfj/0fLo cf/If0f 6f]nLsf of]u]Gb| zfxLn] eGg'eof],æljutdf lgdf{0f ePsf w]/}h;f] vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{cfof]hgfx¿ xfn sfd nfUb}gg\, lsgls ltgsf]dd{t;Def/sf] lhDd]jf/L s;}n] lnPsf] 5}g .Æ

of] ;d:of ;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/n] gLltut sbdx¿ rfn]sf]5 / ;a} P8LaL cfof]hgfx¿ ;f]xLcg'¿k sfof{GjogeO/x]sf 5g\ . eljiosf cfof]hgfx¿df sfo{;~rfngtyf dd{t;Def/ 6f]nLx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g'sf ;fy} of];d:of x6fpg sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

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————— ljleGg ;xefuLx¿

Nnf ljsf; ;ldltx¿df cg'udg tyfd"Nof+sgsf] cefjsf ;fy} sdhf]/ ;"rgfJoj:yfkgnfO { dWofjlw ;dLIffk/fdz{x¿df af/Daf/ pNn]v ul/Psf]

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clen]v s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5, t/ tL s]Gb|x¿n] lglb{i6sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfsf ;fy ;Dkfbg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ .Æb'O{j6f P8LaL cfof]hgf!^ cGtu{t kf“r lhNnfdf s]Gb|x¿sf]d"Nof+sg ubf{ ltgdf cfjZos dfgj ;+zfwg /k|ljlwx¿sf] cefj b]lvG5 . æPp6f lj:t[t lhNnfk|f]kmfOnsf] ljsf; ug]{ / ToxL k|f]kmfOnsf cfwf/dflhNnf cfjlws of]hgfx¿ tof/ kfg]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf]lyof],Æ pxf“n] eGg'eof], æ/ kf“rjif]{ lhNnf cfjlws of]hgfsf

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P8LaLsf] cfjf;Lo lgof]un] ljleGg ljifout ;d"xx¿sf] u7gug'{kg]{5 / ;"rgf lj:tf/, 1fgsf] cfbfgk|bfg / sfo{;Dkfbg;dLIffsf nflu lgoldt k/fdz{x¿ ug'{kg]{5 .

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æÆ

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w]/} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;/sf/sf]of]hgf k|lqmof cS;/ sfo{;Dkfbg; "rgfeGb f / fhgL ltsO{R5fx¿af6 kl/rflnt x'g]u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . lj:t[t lhNnf¿k/]vf tyf k|efj d"Nof+sgsf]cefjn] o:tf] x'g uPsf] xf] .cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff to ug{df;+nUg ;a} kf“r If]qsf k|ltlglwn]cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{ / s'g} klgof]hgf tyf lg0f{odf sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rgfsf] k|of]unfO{pkof]u ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyP .

ltgLx¿n] cfof]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g] JolQmnfO{cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf;b]lv g} ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{

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ePkl5 To;sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ;'lglZrt x'g]5 .æha nfeflGjt x'g] JolQmx¿ cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ffljsf;b]lv d"Nof+sgkl5;Dd To;df ;+nUg x'G5g\, Toxf“e|i6frf/sf] Hofb} sd ;Defjgf /xG5,Æ ljsf; kl/of]hgf;]jf s]Gb| g]kfn, sflnsf]6sf bbL/fh cof{nn]eGg'eof] .

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k|fs[lts ;|f]t pkof]usf] c;n k2ltsf nflu sfd ul//x]sfdfgjzf:qL d'Qml;+x nfdfn] cfof]hgfx¿ ljsf; ubf{æ:jtGq, clu|d / ;"lrt d~h'/LÆ!& sf dfWodaf6 :yfgLoafl;Gbfsf] clwsf/nfO{ cfb/ ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf]lyof] .

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39

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40

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Publication Stock No. PRF163408

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