Gettysburg: PreludeGettysburg: Prelude Ambrose Burnside replaces McClellan as Union commander after Antietam, is destroyed at Fredericksburg, loosing 10,000. Hooker replaces Burnside, is destroyed at Chancellorsville, replaced by Gen. Meade (for Union). South loses Thomas Stonewall Jackson during Chancellorsville, accidentally shot by his own men. Map: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and GettysburgMap: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg: Winter of 1862 and spring of 1863, Gettysburg (July 1863). Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Gettysburg Meades 92,000 meet Lees 76,000 July1-3, 1863 Total casualties: 30% Union losses, killed and wounded = 23,000 Confederate losses, killed and wounded = 28,000 Close victory for Union after Picketts charge fails Marks furthest northern advance of Confederacy Ends discussion in Europe about helping South Though South in decline, fighting goes on to 1865 Gettysburg: Day 1, July 1stGettysburg: Day 1, July 1st Southern troops, many barefoot, hear that there is a supply of shoes at Gettysburg. Union Gen. Buford recognizes that Gettysburg has excellent roads and hills to use to fight Lee. Bufords small force of dismounted cavalry holds on long enough for reinforcements to arrive. Stage is set: 90,000 Union troops will face 75,000 Southern troops the next day. IMPORTANT: Union acts quickly, are able to take the high ground Gettysburg, Day #1Gettysburg, Day #1 July 1, 1863 Union Calvary, John Buford Confederate foot soldiers, A.P. Hill Both sides attack, and call for reinforcements, setting up for a large battle between the two armies. **Why were the troops in Gettysburg in the first place? Buford saw how good the land was. All roads converge Confederates had man advantage, Union positional advantage **Lee saw the importance of the high ground, couldnt gain it on the 1 st day General Meade Gettysburg: Day 2, July 2ndGettysburg: Day 2, July 2nd Lee orders Gen. Longstreet to try to capture Cemetery Ridge. Heavy fighting occurs in the Peach Orchard, Devils Den, and the Wheatfield (now natl. landmarks). Rebel troops try to capture Little Round Top to position artillery on it. Colonel Chamberlain and men of Maine hold hill and repulse attack with bayonet charge. Day is saved for Union. Lines hold. Gettysburg, Day #2Gettysburg, Day #2 July 2, 1863 Reinforcements have arrived Union (90,000) Confederate (75,000) Union held the high ground Fish hook Longstreet is ordered to attack Cemetery Ridge Misgivings 4:00 pm attack across Wheat field and Peach orchard Union send reinforcements to the center Little Round Top Confederate move to flank the Union Culps Hill Confederates ran out of sunlight Gettysburg: Day 3, July 3rdGettysburg: Day 3, July 3rd Lee tries to break center of Union line at a point called the angle. Lee concentrates artillery fire on Union lines on the ridge. Gen. Picketts men charge Union lines, covering a mile of open ground and running up ridge. Union artillery and infantry fire destroy Picketts division. Every officer killed or wounded. Lee withdraws. Meade does not counter-attack. Another lost opportunity??? Gettysburg, Day #3Gettysburg, Day #3 July 3, 1863 Lee was optimistic going into day 3 Weakened the Union position Artillery assault on middle of the line Cemetery Ridge 2 hours Lee ordered assault on the middle of the line Picketts Charge Open field Union guns had remained silent Poor decision? Confederates prepared for a counterattack Meade never ordered! Picketts ChargePicketts Charge 12,000 men marching over 1,000 yds! Union forces from Cemetery Hill and Little Round Top immediately opened fire Confederate troops realized no backup was coming and were stuck at the angle. Many began to retreat back to Seminary Ridge Pickett lost nearly 3,000 men. When Pickett returned to Lee, he was ordered to prepare against a possible Union counterattack. Pickett then replied, General Lee, I have no division now. Picketts ChargePicketts Charge Map: The Battle of GettysburgMap: The Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg In the war's greatest battle, fought around a small market town in southern Pennsylvania, Lee's invasion of the North was repulsed. Union forces had the advantage of high ground, shorter lines, and superior numbers. The casualties for the two armies--dead, wounded, and missing--exceeded 50,000 men. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, July 1863 (Library of Congress) A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, July 1863A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, July 1863 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Injured Confederate Soldiers Captured at Gettysburg, 1863 by Mathew Brady At the end of the three-day Battle of Gettysburg, Lee's army had suffered over 25,000 casualties. These uninjured Confederate captives, who refused to face the camera and stare off in different directions, may have spent the rest of the war in northern prison camps. (Library of Congress) Injured Confederate Soldiers Captured at Gettysburg, 1863 by Mathew BradyInjured Confederate Soldiers Captured at Gettysburg, 1863 by Mathew Brady Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Gettysburg Address November 1863 Lincolns Gettysburg Address, not popular at time, becomes part of national identity. Lincoln speaks for two minutes The United States is instead of are Follows popular speaker Edward Everett, who speaks for two hours. Both men speak at a dedication of a cemetery for the war dead. Map: War in the West, Map: War in the West, Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Vicksburg Strategic town on Mississippi, high bluffs and big bend in river Confederates controlled of Mississippi Grant sends his Calvary to distract Confederates Destroy communication and railroad lines Lands south of Vicksburg April 30, 1863 18 days of fighting Traveled east and then back to the west Captured Jackson, Miss. Two Frontal assaults on Vicksburg Both failed May 19 th and 22 nd Siege Bombing Several hours a day Confederates surrender on July 4, 1863 Day after Gettysburg First ironclad gunboat built in America. The Saint Louis, ca ARC Identifier / Local Identifier 165-C-630 Item from Record Group 165: Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, Map: The War in the West, 1863: VicksburgMap: The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Grant first moved his army west of Vicksburg to a point on the Mississippi south of the town. Then he marched northeast, taking Jackson, and finally west to Vicksburg. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Vicksburg War in the WestVicksburg War in the West Grants initial assaults fail uses siege Shells the city, soldiers and civilians each day Citizens move into caves and eat horses, rats Grants siege of Vicksburg succeeds on July 4, one day after Gettysburg Confederacy is cut in half Union controls Mississippi & and border states The 17th Illinois Infantry, 1864 Veterans of the six-week siege of Vicksburg, the 17th Illinois Infantry remained to garrison the Mississippi town. Posing for the camera in 1864, these battle-hardened troops suggest the determination of the Union Army. (National Archives) The 17th Illinois Infantry, 1864The 17th Illinois Infantry, 1864 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Grants Total War StrategyGrants Total War Strategy March 1864, Lincoln replaces Meade with Grant Grant grinds down Lees army with his 100,000 men Blood and guts battles at Wilderness (50,000 killed) and Cold Harbor (7,000 in 7 minutes) Grants strategy = WAR OF ATTRITION!!! Called a butcher. From May 4 to June 18 he loses 65,000 to Lees 35,000. Why was Lee seen as an effective General? Burial Party at Cold Harbor, Virginia Burial parties returned to battle fields after the battles to bury the dead. Here those who didn't survive are buried in Cold Harbor, Virginia. (Library of Congress) Burial Party at Cold Harbor, VirginiaBurial Party at Cold Harbor, Virginia Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Map: The War in Virginia, Map: The War in Virginia, Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Shermans March to the SeaShermans March to the Sea Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander in Mississippi. Sherman begins total war on South Targets homes, railways, crops, towns Burns everything in his path, burns Atlanta Sept After destroying GA, went into SC GOAL: destroy supplies destined for Northern front. Weaken Southern morale and resolve to fight. WAS IT A SUCCESS? It did increase desertions and shorten war. Yet, many atrocities occurred and civilians suffered most. Map: Sherman's March to the SeaMap: Sherman's March to the Sea Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Sherman's March to the Sea Determined to "make Georgia howl," William Tecumseh Sherman and his band of "bummers" slashed their way through the South during the winter of 1864, destroying military and civilian property along the way. This painting shows Sherman astride a white horse looking on while his men rip up a rail line and burn bridges and homes. (Collection of David H. Sherman) Sherman's March to the SeaSherman's March to the Sea Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Election of 1864Election of 1864 Democrats split into 3 groups War Democrats, Peace Democrats and Copperheads. Radical Republicans run on separate ticket. Republicans and War Democrats form the Union Party. McClellan runs on Southern Democratic ticket Lincoln wins 55% of vote: - bayonet votes - recent victories in war help - opponents factionalism split the vote Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865 (Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865). e/liho/1864/1864e.htm TERMS Gettysburg Chancellorsville Vicksburg Gettysburg Address William Tecumseh Sherman Appomattox Objectives: A. Describe the battle and outcome of Gettysburg B. Describe Grants siege of Vicksburg C. Summarize the key points of the Gettysburg Address D. Trace the final events of the war, leading to the surrender at Appomattox.