german efforts to support marpol annex (vi ... - trafi.fi · german efforts to support marpol annex...

Andreas Weigelt, Stefan Schmolke, Lisa Kattner, Barbara Mathieu-Üffing, Folkard Wittrock, André Seyler

German efforts to support MARPOL Annex (VI)

enforcement by remote monitoring of ship plume

composition – current status and outlook after 1.5

years of continuous measurements

CompMon Stakeholder Conference

2016/04/15 Helsinki

University Bremen

Institute of

Environmental Physics

Contact: [email protected]

CompMon Stakeholder Conference 2016/04/15 Helsinki – German efforts in compliance monitoring 2

Content

• Starting point (MeSMarT – Project)

• Measurement stations

• Pilot station “Wedel”

- characteristics

- sampling statistics

• Data reporting

- current and future workflow

- discussion of data reporting

• Plans to further development of the ship emission monitoring network

University Bremen

Institute of



The starting point – Project MeSMarT

Measurements of Shipping Emissions in the Marine Troposphere

MeSMarT-1 (2012 – 2015)

MeSMarT-2 (2015 – 2017)

3 Work packages

WP1: Satellite-, land-, and ship based optical remote sensing of trace

gases (SO2, NO2) in the marine troposphere (University Bremen)

WP2: Chemical analysis and characterization of marine air samples

(stationary and ship borne in-situ/Sniffer measurement techniques)

(University Bremen, BSH)

WP3: Estimation of the general influence of shipping emissions on the

marine troposphere over North- and Baltic Sea using chemistry

transport modelling (HZG)

University Bremen

Institute of



Measurement stations University Bremen

Institute of


Hamburg

Wedel

• 10 km downstream of

Hamburg harbour

• 300 m NE of shipping lane

• Pilot station for

development of remote

measurement (in-situ/

Sniffer) compliance

monitoring method

www.openstreetmap.org


Photo: B. Mathieu-Üffing



Institute of


Neuwerk

• Island in Elbe estuary

• 5 km SW of shipping lane

• Secondary station used

mainly for development of

optical remote sensing

method (University

Bremen)





Institute of


Vessel

• Yearly measurement

campaigns on research

vessels (usually summer)

• North Sea and Baltic Sea

(only German waters)

http://trawlerphotos.co.uk

Celtic Explorer



Hamburg


University Bremen

Institute of


Wedel – Pilot station

Wedel

Measurement

station


MAX-DOAS: Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy

Distance to

passing ships:

200-500 m

• Compliance monitoring

since September 2014

• Pilot station for development of

German compliance monitoring

network

Instrumentation:

SO2, CO2, NOx, O3 (in-situ/Sniffer)

SO2, NO2 (MAX-DOAS)

Meteorology: p, T, rH, wind, precipitation

Ship information: AIS receiver

www.openstreetmap.org www.openstreetmap.org


University Bremen

Institute of


Wedel – Example data

0.09 ± 0.06%S

• NO for plume

identification

• FSC calculated from

SO2/CO2 ratio

• In total 23 Plumes

clearly assigned to

individual ship

• Two of them with

FSC ≥ 0.15% S m/m

0.09 ± 0.02%S

0.18 ± 0.04%S

0.15 ± 0.03%S

0.09 ± 0.03%S

0.12 ± 0.03%S

0.10 ± 0.02%S


University Bremen

Institute of


Wedel – Sampling statistics

Ships > 50 m passing: 1800 – 2400 per month

N

E

S

W

Measurement

station




University Bremen

Institute of


Wedel – Sampling statistics


N

E

S

W

Measurement

station




University Bremen

Institute of


Wedel – SO2 and NO emission in Dec. 2014 and Jan. 2015

Kattner et al., 2015 (ACP; doi:10.5194/acp-15-10087-2015)


University Bremen

Institute of


Wedel – Comparison of number of inspections in 2015

Remote

measurement

probably non-

compliant:

FSC > 0.15% S m/m

All recorded ships Non-compliant ships only


University Bremen

Institute of


Current workflow – Monthly data analysis

Data transfer

(every 1 h)

Measurement

station

Data analysis

(partly automated; monthly)

BSH division environment

protection in marine traffic

Report of probably non-

compliant ships

User

(water police)

With current setup detection of 10-30% of

passing ships > 50m (depends on meteorology)

Report


University Bremen

Institute of


Planed future workflow – Routine near real time operation

Data transfer

(every 1 h)

Measurement

station

Data analysis

(fully automated)

BSH division environment

protection in marine traffic

Report of probably non-

National + international user International database

(Thetis-S, ImDatE)

compliant ships

(every 1 h)

Access


University Bremen

Institute of


• Report of only probably non-compliant or of all properly recorded ships?

• Is there a common understanding about the criteria what makes a ship suspicious

to be non-compliant?

• Report of measured value including uncertainty or measured range

(e.g. 0.25±0.5% S m/m or 0.2–0.3% S m/m)?

• Which minimum standards on QA/QC should be fulfilled?

• Is there a common understanding of how to calculate the uncertainty of the

remote measurement?

Assumption of conversion of Sulphur and Carbon to SO2 and CO2

Instrument individual uncertainty

Signal to noise ratio (probably biggest source of uncertainty)

Calibration standards

Allocation of measured plume to individual ship

Data reporting – Discussion


University Bremen

Institute of


Plans to further development of the

ship emission monitoring network

Wedel

Neuwerk

Map from www.wsv.de Bremerhaven

Rostock/

Warnemünde Kiel/

Kiel Canal

• Extension of monitoring network

(up to 6 sites; locations not jet fixed)

potential new site

Offshore platform or

vessel

Glücksstadt

Map from www.wsv.de


University Bremen

Institute of


Instrumentation

• In-situ/Sniffer: NOx, CO2, SO2, O3 (all sites)

• Optical remote sensing: SO2, NO2 (selected sites; further development of method)

• Aerosols: particle size distribution (10-800 nm), soot (selected sites)

• Meteorology (all sites)

• AIS receiver (all sites)

Plans to further development of the

ship emission monitoring network


University Bremen

Institute of


Neuwerk – Evidence of significant improved air

quality due to tightened MARPOL (VI) rules

before

after

01.01.2015

SO2 NO2 before

after

01.01.2015

Wind direction dependent SO2 and NO2 concentration at Neuwerk

Neuwerk

Map from www.wsv.de

University Bremen

Institute of


Many tanks for

your attention!

german efforts to support marpol annex (vi ... - trafi.fi · german efforts to support marpol annex...

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