MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI Annex VI

Regulations forRegulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution the Prevention of Air Pollution

from Shipsfrom Ships

RatificationRatification ProcessProcess• Protocol Requirements for entry into forceProtocol Requirements for entry into force

– The Protocol is Ratified by 15 signature States to The Protocol is Ratified by 15 signature States to MARPOL with a combined tonnage of 50% of MARPOL with a combined tonnage of 50% of World tonnageWorld tonnage

– The Current Status of Ratification is by 22 The Current Status of Ratification is by 22 Countries (Signatories of MARPOL Convention)Countries (Signatories of MARPOL Convention)

• The Protocol was fully ratified in accordance with The Protocol was fully ratified in accordance with requirements on 18th May 2004 and has requirements on 18th May 2004 and has ENTERED ENTERED INTO FORCEINTO FORCE on on

19th MAY 200519th MAY 2005

Flag States Party to the ProtocolFlag States Party to the Protocol

• Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Barbados, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Japan, Finland, Germany, Greece, Japan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Norway, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Norway, Panama, St Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, Panama, St Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, United Singapore, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Vanuatu.Kingdom, Vanuatu.

Non-Parties to the ProtocolNon-Parties to the ProtocolWhat happens then?What happens then?

• All ShipsAll Ships are to comply irrespective of Flag are to comply irrespective of Flag State – Article 5, para 4 of MARPOL State – Article 5, para 4 of MARPOL Convention – “no more favourable treatment”Convention – “no more favourable treatment”

• No PSC inspections unless Port State laws No PSC inspections unless Port State laws apply and allow e.g. EU Directive.apply and allow e.g. EU Directive.

• Bunker Delivery documentation and sample – Bunker Delivery documentation and sample – here is the difficultyhere is the difficulty – FSI 13 and MEPC 53. – FSI 13 and MEPC 53.

Why MARPOL Annex VI?Why MARPOL Annex VI?• Emission Gases from ShipsEmission Gases from Ships

– Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – create OzoneOxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – create Ozone– Sulphur Oxides (SOx) – create acidificationSulphur Oxides (SOx) – create acidification– Carbon Dioxide (COCarbon Dioxide (CO22) – is a GHG) – is a GHG– Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO)– Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some

particulatesparticulates

• The concentration of the differing exhaust gases is The concentration of the differing exhaust gases is variable according to the variable according to the engine typeengine type, , engine engine settingssettings and and fuel typefuel type..

Overview of ContentOverview of Content

• The Regulations in the ProtocolThe Regulations in the Protocol

• The NOx Technical CodeThe NOx Technical Code

• The Supporting GuidelinesThe Supporting Guidelines

The RegulationsThe Regulations

• There are 19 Regulations but the following There are 19 Regulations but the following Regulations will impact Vessel operation for Regulations will impact Vessel operation for ALL VESSELS ABOVE 400 grtALL VESSELS ABOVE 400 grt– Regulation 12 – Ozone Depleting SubstancesRegulation 12 – Ozone Depleting Substances– Regulation 13 – NOx emissionsRegulation 13 – NOx emissions– Regulation 14 – Sulphur Oxide emissionsRegulation 14 – Sulphur Oxide emissions– Regulation 15 – VOC emissionsRegulation 15 – VOC emissions– Regulation 16 – Shipboard IncineratorsRegulation 16 – Shipboard Incinerators– Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality controlRegulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality control

Regulation 12Regulation 12 Ozone Depleting Substances Ozone Depleting Substances

• ““Deliberate” Emissions of Ozone Depleting Deliberate” Emissions of Ozone Depleting Substances (HFCs) are prohibitedSubstances (HFCs) are prohibited

• New installations can only use HCFCs New installations can only use HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) until 1(hydrochlorofluorocarbons) until 1stst Jan 2020. Jan 2020.

• These substances, when removed from ships, These substances, when removed from ships, must be delivered to reception facilitiesmust be delivered to reception facilities

Regulation 13 – NOxRegulation 13 – NOx • For all Engines (except emergency engines) installed For all Engines (except emergency engines) installed

on ships after 1st January 2000 of more than 130 kW on ships after 1st January 2000 of more than 130 kW must comply to this Regulation.must comply to this Regulation.

• The NOx emission is limited to 17 g/kW h for The NOx emission is limited to 17 g/kW h for engines operating at 130 rpm but reducing to 9.8 engines operating at 130 rpm but reducing to 9.8 g/kW h for 2000 rpm. Between these revs the limit is g/kW h for 2000 rpm. Between these revs the limit is designated by equation:designated by equation:

45 * n45 * n(-0.2)(-0.2) g/kW h g/kW h

• Existing engines can become a “new” engine if Existing engines can become a “new” engine if substantially modifiedsubstantially modified. .

Regulation 13 - NOxRegulation 13 - NOx

• Regulation 13 requirements are fully defined by the Regulation 13 requirements are fully defined by the NOx Technical Code – recommended technical NOx Technical Code – recommended technical reading.reading.– Certification of the engine on manufacture and Certification of the engine on manufacture and

checked on installation for settingschecked on installation for settings– Certificates required for Ships – EIAPP & IAPPCertificates required for Ships – EIAPP & IAPP– PSC Inspection of the engine byPSC Inspection of the engine by

• Parameter Check method (Engine Technical Parameter Check method (Engine Technical File)File)

• Simplified measurement methodSimplified measurement method

Regulation 14 - SOxRegulation 14 - SOx

• The Worldwide sulphur cap on fuel oil is set at 4.5%.The Worldwide sulphur cap on fuel oil is set at 4.5%.• Sulphur Emission Control areas (SECAs)Sulphur Emission Control areas (SECAs)

– Areas – Baltic, North Sea and English ChannelAreas – Baltic, North Sea and English Channel– Sulphur Level of fuel – 1.5% or;Sulphur Level of fuel – 1.5% or;– Alternatively use an exhaust gas cleaning systemAlternatively use an exhaust gas cleaning system– Ship must have cleared all pipe systems and tanks Ship must have cleared all pipe systems and tanks

and be using low sulphur fuel on entryand be using low sulphur fuel on entry– Regulations for the 1Regulations for the 1stst SECA comes into force on SECA comes into force on

19th May 2006.19th May 2006.

Shipboard Procedures for SECAsShipboard Procedures for SECAs

• Plan in advance for entry and enter commencement Plan in advance for entry and enter commencement date of preparation in Logbook together with bunker date of preparation in Logbook together with bunker type quantities onboard.type quantities onboard.

• Logbook entry when entry requirements met and entry Logbook entry when entry requirements met and entry into SECA - remember Lat. & Long., date and time, into SECA - remember Lat. & Long., date and time, together with bunker figures for each tank.together with bunker figures for each tank.

• Maintain daily record of bunker use and quantification Maintain daily record of bunker use and quantification of bunker tanks whilst in SECA.of bunker tanks whilst in SECA.

• DO NOT COMMENCE SHIFT TO HIGH SULPHUR DO NOT COMMENCE SHIFT TO HIGH SULPHUR FUEL UNTIL EXIT FROM SECA. Log existing FUEL UNTIL EXIT FROM SECA. Log existing conditions for bunkers and Lat. & Long. with date and conditions for bunkers and Lat. & Long. with date and time. time.

Regulation 15 - VOCsRegulation 15 - VOCs• Subject to individual terminal regulations tankers Subject to individual terminal regulations tankers

may have to be equipped with Vapour return may have to be equipped with Vapour return manifold.manifold.

• Notification of VOC control by a port to the IMO Notification of VOC control by a port to the IMO shall be 6 months before enforcement.shall be 6 months before enforcement.

• Tankers can be can accept tankers upto 3 years after Tankers can be can accept tankers upto 3 years after the date of VOC control enforcement by the the date of VOC control enforcement by the Terminal.Terminal.

• The standard for the design of VOC return manifold The standard for the design of VOC return manifold and operation is contained in MSC/Circ.585. and operation is contained in MSC/Circ.585.

Regulation 16 - IncineratorsRegulation 16 - Incinerators

• Incinerators installed after 1Incinerators installed after 1stst Jan 2000 to meet Jan 2000 to meet regulations and must certified to meet the regulations and must certified to meet the specifications in MEPC Resolution 76(40) specifications in MEPC Resolution 76(40) (Appendix IV of Annex VI).(Appendix IV of Annex VI).

• Each incinerator must have a manufacturers Each incinerator must have a manufacturers operations manual.operations manual.

• Crew responsible for the incinerator operation Crew responsible for the incinerator operation shall be trained and follow the operations shall be trained and follow the operations manual.manual.

Regulation 16 – Regulation 16 – Use of IncineratorsUse of Incinerators

• The following substances are prohibited from The following substances are prohibited from incineration:incineration:– Annex I, II and III cargo residues and related packing Annex I, II and III cargo residues and related packing

material.material.– PCBs.PCBs.– Garbage as defined by Annex V containing heavy metals.Garbage as defined by Annex V containing heavy metals.– Petroleum Products containing halogens.Petroleum Products containing halogens.

• PVC can only be incinerated in type approved PVC can only be incinerated in type approved incinerators.incinerators.

• Flue gas temperatures shall be monitored and not less Flue gas temperatures shall be monitored and not less than 850 deg C for continuous feed and reach 600 deg than 850 deg C for continuous feed and reach 600 deg C within 5 minutes for batch feed. C within 5 minutes for batch feed.

Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil QualityRegulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality

• ““Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining”from petroleum refining”

• ““Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid”Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid”• ““Fuel oil shall not include any added substance or Fuel oil shall not include any added substance or

chemical waste which either:chemical waste which either:– Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely affects Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely affects

the performance of the machinery, orthe performance of the machinery, or– Is harmful to personnel, orIs harmful to personnel, or– Contributes overall to additional air pollutionContributes overall to additional air pollution” ”

Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil QualityRegulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality• Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)

– Becomes a Statutory documentBecomes a Statutory document

– Must be kept on board for 3 years for inspection and a copy Must be kept on board for 3 years for inspection and a copy may be taken for further examination by PSC.may be taken for further examination by PSC.

– Must contain all data required by Appendix VMust contain all data required by Appendix V

• Name and IMO number of vesselName and IMO number of vessel

• PortPort

• Date of Commencement of deliveryDate of Commencement of delivery

• Details of fuel oil supplierDetails of fuel oil supplier

• Product name, quantity , Density at 15 Product name, quantity , Density at 15 00C and Sulphur C and Sulphur content % m/mcontent % m/m

• A declaration that fuel supplied meets Regulation 14 A declaration that fuel supplied meets Regulation 14 and 18 requirementsand 18 requirements

Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil QualityRegulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality

• Fuel Oil SamplingFuel Oil Sampling• A sealed sample meeting the requirements in associated A sealed sample meeting the requirements in associated

guidelines guidelines has to supplied to the ship by the bunker supplierhas to supplied to the ship by the bunker supplier• For each individual BDN a sample has to be taken at the For each individual BDN a sample has to be taken at the

vessel’s bunker receiving manifold. (see procedure in associated vessel’s bunker receiving manifold. (see procedure in associated guidelines) – guidelines) – ISM Manuals ??ISM Manuals ??

• The sample label has to be signed by both the bunker supplier’s The sample label has to be signed by both the bunker supplier’s representative and the vessel’s Chief Engineer.representative and the vessel’s Chief Engineer.

• The sample size shall be not less than 400 mlsThe sample size shall be not less than 400 mls• The sample is not to be used for any commercial The sample is not to be used for any commercial

purposepurpose• The sample is to be retained on board for at least 1 year for The sample is to be retained on board for at least 1 year for

inspection by PSC as requiredinspection by PSC as required

Shipboard Procedures forShipboard Procedures for BDN and Samples BDN and Samples

• Adequate bunker manifold location for Adequate bunker manifold location for sampler attachmentsampler attachment

• External safe storage location for samples for External safe storage location for samples for 1 year period1 year period

• Log book for sample retention and custody Log book for sample retention and custody transfertransfer

• Safe storage for BDNs and other documents Safe storage for BDNs and other documents relating to bunkering onboardrelating to bunkering onboard

Port/Flag State ControlPort/Flag State Control Guidelines Guidelines

• Proposed Guidelines from FSI 13 for MEPC Proposed Guidelines from FSI 13 for MEPC 53 approval.53 approval.

• Initial inspections and Primary survey Initial inspections and Primary survey parameters – then “Clear Grounds” for in-parameters – then “Clear Grounds” for in-depth inspectionsdepth inspections

• ““In depth” inspection parametersIn depth” inspection parameters• Detainable deficienciesDetainable deficiencies• Non-Party ship inspectionsNon-Party ship inspections

Other Gas Emission Requirements Other Gas Emission Requirements

• Greenhouse Gas EmissionsGreenhouse Gas Emissions– Greenhouse Gas Emission Indexing of ShipsGreenhouse Gas Emission Indexing of Ships

• COCO22 Equation used for Equation used for “Voyage”“Voyage” Calculations Calculations

C. Con. Factor * FCC. Con. Factor * FCii / (M Cargo / (M Cargoii * Dist * Dist ii ) )

Where:Where:C. Con Factor for HFO = 3.11C. Con Factor for HFO = 3.11C. Con Factor for MDO = 3.17C. Con Factor for MDO = 3.17Distance = Loaded + Ballast distance (nm)Distance = Loaded + Ballast distance (nm)

Other Regional RegulationsOther Regional Regulations

• United States of AmericaUnited States of America– NOx Regulations applicable only to US flagged NOx Regulations applicable only to US flagged

ships ships

– California Air Resources Board (CARB)California Air Resources Board (CARB)

• European Union – Directive 1999/32European Union – Directive 1999/32– Current Directive in force from July 2000Current Directive in force from July 2000

– Subject to extension and amendments and due to Subject to extension and amendments and due to come into force 2005come into force 2005

The Future – The Future – Crystal Ball time!!Crystal Ball time!!

• Due to the introduction of new engine Due to the introduction of new engine technology – e.g. HAM – pressure for further technology – e.g. HAM – pressure for further reduction in NOx emissionsreduction in NOx emissions

• International and Regional pressure for further International and Regional pressure for further reduction in SOx emissionsreduction in SOx emissions

• Introduction of “Particulate” emission controlIntroduction of “Particulate” emission control

• Further considerations for VOC controlFurther considerations for VOC control

Thank you for inviting me Thank you for inviting me TodayToday

Any Questions?Any Questions?