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Mineral Deposit Report OF 61 12.9.2020Geological Survey of Finland

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SuurikuusikkoAlternative Names: Rouravaara, Korkeakuusikko, Vuomajärvi, Keuvaara, Kittilä Gold Project, KittiläMineOccurence type: deposit

Commodity Rank Totalmeasure

Total production Total resource Importance

gold 1 259.5 t 30.95 t 228.55 t Large depositsilver 3 0.4 t 0.4 t 0 t Occurrence

Easting EUREF: 432458.921 Easting YKJ: 3432604Northing EUREF: 7532765.755 Northing YKJ: 7535913

Discovery year: 1986Discovered by: Geological Survey of FinlandProvince: Kittilä (Au, Cu)District: Suurikuusikko (Au)Comments: Visible gold detected in a recent roadcut 4 km SSW of the Suurikuusikko deposit duringregional gold exploration (by research assistant J. Valkama). This find and low-altitude airbornemagnetic and electromagnetic survey directed detailed work to the shear zone, at the flank of amajor fold, which also includes the Suurikuusikko area.

References: 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 57, 59, 64, 66,69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100

Mineral deposit type

Group:Metallogenic depositMain type: Orogenic (metamorphic hydrothermal)Comments: Clearly epigenetic, orogenic gold mineralisation with a distinct structural control, asderived from data in references. Possibly, the Na-rich epigenetic fluids, which caused the completealbitisation of the host rocks after the first major stage of deformation, also were the mineralisingfluids.References: 30, 31, 39, 46, 50, 52, 55

Dimension

Expression: exposed Area (ha): NAForm: discordant Dip azim: 270Shape: lensoidal Dip: 85Length (m): 4000 Plunge azim: 360Width (m): 40 Plunge dip: 45Thickness (m): NA Orientation method: NADepth (m): 2000Dimension comments: Several lodes, (open at depth): Ketola, Etelä, Main, C. Rouravaara, N.Rouravaara, Rimminvuoma, Sisar, Sisar Deep. The deposit is open at the depth of 2000 m. The Sisarand Sisar Deep zones are 50 to 300 m east of the Main zone.


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Holder history

Current holder: Agnico Eagle Finland OyYears: 2005Holding type:Mining concession (old law)

Previous holders:

Company Years Holding type CommentsRiddarhyttan Resources AB 1998-2005 Claim (old law) Mining concession in 2002Geological Survey of Finland 1986-1998 Claim (old law) NA

Figures

Claims and lodes of Suurikuusikko in 2006:


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The lodes of Suurikuusikko:


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EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

Agnico Eagle Finland Oy

Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref2008 core drilling Jyrki Korteniemi mineral reserve defined 9, 11, 19, 20, 22

Diamond drilling at the mine site has been continuous. In 2019, drilling focused on extending the Main andSisar zones northward, southward and at depth in the Roura and Rimpi areas to increase the mineralreserves in the large orebody; in total, 94 holes were drilled in 2019 (41,510 m).IntersectionsHoleID RIE19-614From-To 296-304.3Length 8.3mComments Sisar CentralHoleID RIE19-702GFrom-To 1065.9-1093Length 27.1mgold 4.7ppmComments Sisar Deep, midpoint of the intercept is at 1751 m below surfaceHoleID RIE20-602From-To 38.1-61Length 22.9mgold 8.9ppmComments Main Rimpi underground drilling, midpoint of the intercept is at 991 m below

surfaceHoleID ROD19-701From-To 1077.7-1097Length 19.3mgold 13.8ppmComments Sisar DeepHoleID VUG19-516From-To 156-168Length 12mgold 7.3ppmComments Main Rimpi

Geological Survey of Finland

Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref2007-2009 detailed

geochemistryA. Taivalkoski, P. Sarala NA 53

Surficial geological, till geochemical and heavy mineral studies in the Kittilä Mine; the transport distance oftill was estimated to be short in the bottommost till bed, while the upper beds are reflecting much longertransportation with no indication of underlying bedrock. The most suitable indicator elements besides ofgold itself are As, K, M nand Sb with the heavy minerals like arsenopyrite and pyrite.

Agnico Eagle Finland Oy


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Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref2006-2007 core drilling Jyrki Korteniemi NA 14, 15, 17, 26

Agnico-Eagle diamond drilling in 2006: 53 km, in 2007: 54 kmIntersectionsHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 15.1mgold 8.3ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 15.3mgold 4.7ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 22.3mgold 8.1ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 4.9mgold 5.5ppmComments EteläHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 27.7mgold 9.1ppmComments RouravaaraHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 9.3mgold 8.1ppmComments RimminvuomaHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 12mgold 9.4ppmComments Rouravaara

Riddarhyttan Resources AB

Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref1998-2005 detailed geophysics L-G Ohlsson NA 28, 29, 44, 54, 55,

56, 57, 58, 59, 60,61, 62, 63, 65, 66,67, 68, 69, 70, 71

1998-2005 percussion drilling L-G Ohlsson NA 26, 66393 diamond-drill and RC holes, total 136 km.

1998-2005 core drilling L-G Ohlsson NA 26, 55, 57, 60, 62,63, 64, 65, 66, 69,71, 72, 73, 74, 77,78, 81, 82, 87, 89

393 diamond-drill and RC holes, total 136 km.IntersectionsHoleID NA


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From-To NALength 7.8mgold 11.8ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 9.4mgold 10.3ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 28.6mgold 11.9ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 36.7mgold 5.6ppmComments Central RouravaaraHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 13mgold 5ppmComments Central RouravaaraHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 7.4mgold 11.4ppmComments KetolaHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 63mgold 4.4ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 12mgold 11ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 20.7mgold 7ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 14.6mgold 6.2ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 12.3mgold 8.6ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 8mgold 18.3ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NA


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Length 79mgold 8.4ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 46mgold 8.9ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 23mgold 10.2ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 18mgold 16.5ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 64mgold 5.9ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 20.4mgold 9.6ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 18mgold 8.8ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 10.4mgold 8ppmComments Main deposit

Geological Survey of Finland

Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref1987-1997 core drilling Ilkka Härkönen NA 29, 31, 43

1987-89 and 1995-97: 77 diamond-drill holes, total 9319 m, 300 m RC drilling

1986-1997 mining pilot Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47

1986-1997 detailed geology Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47

Visible gold detected in an outcrop 4 km SSW of the Suurikuusikko deposit during regional goldexploration.

1986-1997 detailed geophysics Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47

The graphitic, sulphide-bearing, tuffites or phyllites, i.e. the host rock types, give the major responses onboth magnetic and electromagnetic methods. The Kiistala Shear Zone is indicted as a negative anomaly inmagnetic maps and, due to abundant graphite vein network, by very low values in resistance maps


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1986-1997 percussion drilling Ilkka Härkönen NA 29, 31, 43

1986-1997 detailedgeochemistry

Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47

1979-1979 regional geophysics Ilkka Härkönen key geological features 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47

Low-altitude airborne magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric survey; directed detailed work to theshear zone.

1973-1977 regionalgeochemistry

NA NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47

Regional geochemical till survey

Figures


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Gold content in bedrock surface samples:


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Drilling at Suurikuusikko:


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Drilling at Suurikuusikko:


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RESOURCES AND RESERVES

Most recent

Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland

Oy2019 31.12.2019 NI 43-101 10

Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 2895000 tgold 2.54 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 15022000 tgold 2.6 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 229000 tgold 3.41 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 373000 tgold 3.89 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 13447000 tgold 3.9 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 31966000 tgold 3.162 ppmCutoff: NA

Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland

Oy2019 31.12.2019 NI 43-101 10

Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1444000 tgold 4.55 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 27481000 tgold 4.4 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 28925000 tgold 4.407 ppmCutoff: NA

Previous calculations

Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:


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Resource Agnico Eagle FinlandOy

2018 31.12.2018 NI 43-101 8

Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 1776000 tgold 2.62 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.Category: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 17030000 tgold 2.65 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8252000 tgold 3.84 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.Category: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 27058000 tgold 3.011 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.


Oy2018 31.12.2018 NI 43-101 8

Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 491000 tgold 4.12 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 30040000 tgold 4.5 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 30531000 tgold 4.494 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2017 31.12.2017 NI 43-101 7

Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 1592000 tgold 2.59 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 18909000 tgold 3.12 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 229000 tgold 3.41 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 373000 tgold 3.89 ppmCutoff: NA


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Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8992000 tgold 4.2 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 30095000 tgold 3.426 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2017 31.12.2017 JORC code 7

Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 971000 tgold 4.26 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 25894000 tgold 4.75 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 26865000 tgold 4.732 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2016 NA NI 43-101 6

Comments: 31.12.2016Mineral reserves are not a sub-set of mineral resources.Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 1.607 Mtgold 2.45 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 18.885 Mtgold 2.95 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 229000 tgold 3.41 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 10.686 Mtgold 4.06 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 373000 tgold 3.89 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 31780000 tgold 3.312 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2016 NA NI 43-101 6

Comments: 31.12.2016Mineral reserves are not a sub-set of mineral resources.


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Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1.148 Mtgold 4.19 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 28.907 Mtgold 4.65 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 30.055 Mtgold 4.64 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2015 NA NI 43-101 1

Comments: 31.12.2015Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 991000 tgold 2.58 ppmCutoff: NAComments: UndergroundCategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 14.935 Mtgold 3.05 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + UndergroundCategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 11.833 Mtgold 4.64 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + undergroundCategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 27.759 Mtgold 3.71 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2015 NA NI 43-101 1

Comments: 31.12.2015Mineral reserves are not a sub-set of mineral resources.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1.059 Mtgold 4.28 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + undergroundCategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 27.136 Mtgold 4.82 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + undergroundCategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 28.195 Mtgold 4.8 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2014 NA NI 43-101 5

Comments: Calculation date 31.12.2014


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Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 0.82 Mtgold 2.78 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 13.351 Mtgold 2.98 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8.892 Mtgold 4.3 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 23.063 Mtgold 3.482 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2014 NA NI 43-101 5

Comments: Calculation date 31.12.2014.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 0.921 Mtgold 4.41 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 27.614 Mtgold 4.95 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 28.535 Mtgold 4.933 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2013 NA NI 43-101 3

Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 0.511 Mtgold 2.69 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 10.519 Mtgold 2.79 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 7.522 Mtgold 4.12 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 18.552 Mtgold 3.327 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2013 NA NI 43-101 3

Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1.104 Mtgold 4.27 ppmCutoff: NA


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Category: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 30.52 Mtgold 4.65 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 31.624 Mtgold 4.637 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2011 NA NI 43-101 21

Category: Indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 23.64 Mtgold 2.44 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2011 NA NI 43-101 21

Category: NATonnage: 32.73 Mtgold 4.63 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2009 NA NA 20

Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 17.6 Mtgold 4.4 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2009 NA NA 20

Category: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 21.4 Mtgold 4.7 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2008 NA NA 19

Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 15.7 Mtgold 4.34 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured and indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 5.4 Mtgold 3 ppmCutoff: NA


Oy2008 NA NA 18

Category: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 18.2 Mtgold 5.1 ppmCutoff: NA


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Oy2006 NA NA 14

Category: NATonnage: 22.131 Mtgold 4.9 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppm

Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan

Resources AB2005 NA NA 84

Category: NATonnage: 17.8 Mtgold 5.3 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppmCategory: NATonnage: 21.5 Mtgold 4.6 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppmComments: Alternative






Category: NATonnage: 17.2 Mtgold 5.1 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppmCategory: NATonnage: 19.7 Mtgold 4.6 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppmComments: Alternative


Resources AB2002 NA NA 67, 69, 70

Category: Indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8.3 Mtgold 6.1 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppm


Resources AB2000 NA NA 62, 63

Category: NATonnage: 5 Mtgold 6.5 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppm

Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:


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Resource RiddarhyttanResources AB

1999 NA NA 59

Category: NATonnage: 3.52 Mtgold 7 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppm




Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Geological Survey of

Finland1997 NA NA 43, 47


Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Geological Survey of

Finland1992 NA NA 30

Category: NATonnage: 0.05 Mtgold 5.4 ppmCutoff: NA


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MINING

Kittilä

Alternative Names: SuurikuusikkoEasting EUREF: 432458.921Northing EUREF: 7532765.755Status: OperatingOperating years: 2006-2019Years in production: 14Total ore mined: 14817165 t

Total production:Product Product measuregold 30.95 tsilver 404.3 kg

Other materials:Material type Material measurewaste from mineral metalliferousexcavation

42180400 t

Mining activity:Year Ore mined Ore

processedActivity type Production Other material

2019 1760391 t 1591000 t underground mininggold 5788 kg waste from mineral

metalliferous excavation1497878 t

2018 1636867 t 1.83 Mt underground mininggold 188979 troy ozsilver 13000 troy oz

waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation1587389 t

2017 1563612 t 1.69 Mt underground miningsilver 13000 troy ozgold 196938 troy oz


2016 1652974 t 1667000 t underground miningsilver 12000 troy ozgold 202508 troy oz


2015 1484655 t 1464000 t underground mininggold 177374 troy ozsilver 11000 troy oz


2014 1168993 t 1156400 t underground mininggold 4408.18 kgsilver 217.7 kg


2013 1059819 t 934224 t underground mininggold 4553.69 kgsilver 186.6 kg


2012 1220061 t 1220061 t open-pit andunderground mining


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gold 5.47 t waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation2189803 t

2011 1030173 t 1030173 t open-pit andunderground mining

gold 4.47 t waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation6218708 t

2010 1131000 t 960365 t NAgold 3924.98 kg waste from mineral


2009 796620 t 563238 t open-pit mininggold 2234.16 kg waste from mineral


2008 312000 t 312000 t open-pit mininggold 96.97 kg waste from mineral


2007 0 t 0 t NAwaste from mineralmetalliferous excavation2235000 t

2006 0 t 0 t NAwaste from mineralmetalliferous excavation772333 t

Figures

The Kittilä mine in 2007:


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The test pit of Suurikuusikko in 2005:


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A 3D block model of thje planned open pit:

The planned open pit in 2007:


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An undeground mining model for the Main lode:


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GEOLOGYHost rock:Mafic volcanic rock, Banded ironstones, Intermediate graphite tuff, Porphyry, Tholeiiticbasalt, Felsic volcanic rock, Phyllite

Mafic volcanic rock (Host rock)

Rock type: Host rockProportion:majorGrain size: Fine grained 0.2 - 1 mmColor: GreenishReferences: 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 46, 48, 50, 51, 66, 92Comments: The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanicrocks, or these mafic lavas themselves. Seven main zones (areas). All of the main lodes consist of aset of parallel to en ecelon sublodes, and most of them are indicated to be interconnected, butgenerally there are three subparallel mineralised subzones in each area. Very thin (<<1 mm) graphiteveins and up to 1-2 cm wide albite-carbonate ± sulphide veins brecciate the host rock.

Ore minerals:Mineral Proportion Mineral textureArsenopyrite major

Most of the gold in the deposit is refractory in arsenopyrite.pyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristicand these commonly form larger aggregates

Bismuth minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Bornite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Bournonite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Chalcocite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Chromite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Electrum minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Galena minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Gersdorffite minorpyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristicand these commonly form larger aggregates

Gold minorChiefly associated with arsenopyrite. Most of the gold is invisible, inthe lattice of arsenopyrite and pyrite. Au-rich arsenopyrite andpyrite occur disseminated in microfractures, shear fabrics, andstylolitic features. Fineness; 45-85% Au, 1.5-54% Ag, 1-23.0% Hg


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Graphite minorAmorphic

Maldonite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Pyrite majorpyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristicand these commonly form larger aggregates. Pyrite containsrefractory gold, about 20 % of all gold in the deposit

Pyrrhotite minorPyrrhotite mostly occurs distal to the ore, seems to be replaced bypyrite during mineralisation. Minor ore minerals commonly occur asinclusions or intergrowths with the major ore minerals and quartz.

Rutile minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Sphalerite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Talnakhite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Tetrahedrite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz

Other minerals:Mineral Proportion Mineral textureAlbite presentAnkerite presentCalcite presentChlorite presentDolomite present Alteration productK-Feldspar presentMuscovite present Alteration productQuartz presentSericite presentSiderite presentTourmaline present Alteration productZircon present Alteration product

StructuresShearedComments: E-W contraction relatedto the D1 thrusting. This wasfollowed by a N-Sshortening event (D2), where mostof the strain was taken up by thenorthern and southern thrusts.Tectonic vectors thenswitched from N-S to NE-SW and, asa result, dextral strike-slip regime(D3) commenced along the KiSZ. Anear-orthogonal switch oftheregional stress regime to NW-SEflipped the kinematics of the KiSZfrom dextral to sinistral (D4). Thelast deformation phase (D5) under E-W contraction.Breccia


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Comments: The controllingstructure: The subvertical,compressional, Kiistala (orSuurikuusikko) Shear Zone, at least25 km long, dominantly N-Strending, turning into a NE directionat the Ketola Lode to the south ofknown deposit. Movement along theKiSZ during D3 has dominantly beendextral strike-slip.

TexturesMassiveGranoblastic

Alteration: Distribution: Degree: Relation to mineralization:carbonate alteration Pervasive Total NAComments: Ferrous dolomite in the ore, defines the proximal alteration. Calcite chracterises distal alteration and post-mineralisation veining.chloritic alteration NA Moderate NAComments: Formation of chlorite probably relates to distal alteration.sulphidation Pervasive Total NAalbitic alteration Pervasive Total PreComments: Albitisation seems to predate gold mineralisation throughout the hosting shear zone

Metamorphic description:

Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:

Min P- Max P(kbar)

MIn T- Max T(°C)

Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies

low metamorphicgrade

NA

Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic;Metamorphic mineral assemblage; Albite-actinolite-epidote-chlorite-titanite ± quartz (in mafic rock), quartz ± carbonate,graphite, sulphides (in cherts), chlorite-tremolite-talc ± carbonate, augite, graphite (in metakomatiite)

Geological age:

Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):

Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:

Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)

2000-2100 N

Comments: Mineralisation(?) at 1916±16 Ma (Re-Os age on auriferous arsenopyrite)

Banded ironstones (Host rock)

Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: Fine grained 0.2 - 1 mmColor: BlackReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised sulphide-facies iron formation host is an interbedbetween Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.

Structures


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Bedded

TexturesGranoblastic



Min P- Max P(kbar)

MIn T- Max T(°C)



NA

Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic.

Geological age:




2000-2100 N

Intermediate graphite tuff (Host rock)

Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: Compact <0.2 mmColor: BlackReferences: 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.

StructuresBedded




Min P- Max P(kbar)

MIn T- Max T(°C)



NA


Geological age:




2000-2100 N

Porphyry (Host rock)


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Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorReferences: 45Comments:Minor dykes in the Kiistala shear zone and surroundings

TexturesPorphyritic

Geological age:




1913-1921 1917 N

Comments: 1917±4 Ma (U-Pb age on zircon)

Tholeiitic basalt (Host rock)

Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: NAColor: NAReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves. What has been mapped as'intermediate volcanic rock' probably is altered mafic volcanic rock ± minor volumes of porphyrydykes.




Min P- Max P(kbar)

MIn T- Max T(°C)



NA


Geological age:




2000-2100 N

Felsic volcanic rock (Host rock)

Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: NA


30

Color: NAReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.




Min P- Max P(kbar)

MIn T- Max T(°C)



NA


Geological age:




2000-2100 N

Comments: Indirect age information only

Phyllite (Host rock)

Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: Compact <0.2 mmColor: BlackReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.

StructuresBedded




Min P- Max P(kbar)

MIn T- Max T(°C)



NA


Geological age:


31




2000-2100 N

Figures

The bedrock surface of the deposits:


32

The bedrock surface of the deposits:

Simplified geological cross section of Suurikuusikko:


33

Regional geology:


34

3D view of the Main ore zone:


35

High-grade ore in graphitic phyllite:


36

The mode of occurrence of gold:


37

A block model of the Main lode:


38


39

Structure:


40

Geological map of the test pit:


41


42


43


44


45

Brecciated ore:


46

Magnetic and electromagnetic images for the southern part of Suurikuusikko:


47


48

A cross section of the Main zone:


49

Longitudinal section of the eastern zone in the Main deposit:

Longitudinal section of the Ketola and The Etelä zone:


50

Longitudinal section of the northern part:

Geological map of the test pit:


51

Ground geophysics in Main Zone area:


52

Gold content along a long section of the Main Lode:

A cross section of The Main zone with some gold contents:

A cross section of the Main zone:


53


54

Longitudinal section of the western zone in the Main deposit:


55

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