geol surv rpt - ontario

GEOL SURV RPTCRESCENT LAKE PROPERTY
MARCH 15, 1985
41 ShalImar Blvd.,
AVROM HOWARD & ASSOCIAHS
CRESCENT LAKE PROPERTY
MARCH 15, 1985
010
Page
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ACCESS, PHYSIOGRAPHY, LOCAL RESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . 8
REGIONAL GEOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
GOLD POTENTIAL OF THE CRESCENT LAKE PROPERTY. . . . . . . . 22
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
APPENDIX ONE: CANDELLA DEVELOPMENT CO. DRILL LOGS. . . . . i
APPENDIX TWO: NORANDA EXPLORATION CO. LTD. - GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
TABLE 1: Table of Lithologic Units for the Tashota Area . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 1: Property Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 2: Claim Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . 7
Figure 3: Geology of the Redmond Area, (1917) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 4: Exploration History Compilation Map - Crescent Lake Property. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 20
Figure 5: Geology of the Redmond Area, (1973) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 6: Regional Geological Compilation Map . . . . . . , . . . . . 25
Avrom Howard A Associates
SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . · . . . . . . . INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE. . . . . . . . .
· . . . . 'PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION •••••••
REGIONAL EXPLORATION IUSTORY. •
. . . . . . · . . . · . . · . . . . . . · . .
PROPERTY GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION HISTORY • · . . · . . . . GOLD POTENTIAL OF THE CRESCENT LAKE PROPERTY. · . · . . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS · . . · . . . . . REFERENCES • • • • • • • • •
CERTIPICATE OF THE AUTHOR •
APPENDIX TWO: NORANDA EXPLORATION CO. LTD. - GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY DATA. • • • • • • • • • · . . . . . . .
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
TABLE 1: Table of Lithologic Units for the Tashota Area · • · · · • Figure 1: Property Location Map · . · · · · · · · • · • Figure 2: Claim Map. . . . • . · • · · · • • · • • • • • • • · Figure 3: Geology of the Redmond Area, (1917) • • • • • · · • · • · •
Figure 4: Exploration History Compilation Map - Crescent Lake Property. · · · • · • · · • · • • •
Figure 5: Geology of the Redmond Area, (1973) · · · · • • · • · · Figure 6: Regional Geological Compilation Map • · · • • · • • · • · ·
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SUMMARY
Harte Resources Limited has recently acquired twenty contiguous claims in north- central Oboshkegan Township, District of Nipigon, Thunder Bay Mining Division, Ontario. The property is located approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of the town of Geraldton, and just over l kilometre south-southeast of Redmond Station, a maintenance stop along the Canadian National Transcontinental rail line. Ground access is available to the property by skidder or snowmachine from Redmond Station during the winter months, but either helicopter or fixed wing aircraft are required during other months of the year. Dry-weather road access is currently available to as close as Tashota Station, 10 kilometres (6 miles) by rail to the west.
Gold was first documented on the Crescent Lake Property in 1917 by a government geologist who visited the property which at the time was being evaluated as a pyrite prospect. A 3 foot chip sample in a trench cutting pyrite replacing magnetite, yielded 0.11 oz Au/ton. In 1953, Candella Development Co. drilled two holes on the property in their search for pyrite, and in hole no. l intersected two l metre sections yielding 0.005 oz Au/ton, stratigraphically overlying the afore mentioned trench. Intensely sheared and silicified porphyry and quartzite were encountered along with several bands of sulphide (pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite) bearing iron formation. In 1973, Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd. conducted ground geophysical surveys across the southwestern part of the property in their search for base metals. Follow up work was recommended but never carried out.
The Crescent Lake Property is underlain by a diverse group of rock types including, quartz-feldspar porphyry, agglomerate, quartzite, oxide and sulphide facies iron formation, gabbro, and biotite-hornblende quartz monzonite. These rocks occur within the Wabigoon Greenstone Belt, a regionally extensive Archean volcanosedimentary terrane. Several types of chemical/mineralogical alteration commonly associated with Archean lode gold deposits, have been documented on the Crescent Lake Property and surrounding area. Shearing, locally intense, has been documented in the property area and regionally as well.
Harte Resources Limited has recently acquired twenty contiguous claims in north-:
central Oboshkegan Township, District of Nipigon, Thunder Bay Mining Division,
Ontario. The property is located approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest
of the town of Geraldton, and just over 1 kilometre south-southeast of Redmond
Station, a maintenance stop along the Canadian National Transcontinental rail line.
Ground access is available to the property by skidder or snowmachine from
Redmond Station during the winter months, but either helicopter or fixed wing
aircraft are required during other months of the year. Dry-weather road access is
currently available to as close as Tashota Station, 10 kilometres (6 miles) by rail to
the west.
Gold was first documented on the Crescent Lake Property in 1917 by a government
geologist who visited the property which at the time was being evaluated as a
pyrite prospect. A 3 foot chip sample in a trench cutting pyrite replacing
magnetite, yielded 0.11 oz Au/ton. In 1953, Candella Development Co. drilled two
holes on the property in their search for pyrite, and in hole no. 1 intersected two 1
metre sections yielding 0.005 oz Au/ton, stratigraphically overlying the afore
mentioned trench. Intensely sheared and silicified porphyry and quartzite were
encountered along with several bands of sulphide (pyrite, pyrrhotite, ! magnetite)
bearing iron formation. In 1973, Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd. conducted ground
geophysical surveys across the southwestern part of th~ property in their search for
base metals. Follow up work was recommended but never carried out.
The Crescent Lake Property is underlain by a diverse group of rock types including,
quartz-feldspar porphyry, agglomerate, quartzite, oxide and sulphide facies iron
formation, gabbro, and biotite-hornblende quartz monzonite. These rocks occur
within the Wabigoon Greenstone Belt, a regionally extensive Archean volcano
sedimentary terrane. Several types of chemical/mineralogical alteration commonly associated with Archean lode gold depOSits, have been documented on
the Crescent Lake Property and surrounding area. Shearing, locally intense, has been documented in the property area and regionally as well.
~-------------------- Avrom Howard & Associates-----i
Gold deposits in the area include the Paul-Pic deposit (Canamax) just north of Tashota, with published reserves as of May, 1983, of 212,000 tons associated with iron formation grading 0.209 oz Au/ton, and the Lake Osu deposit (Consolidated Louanna) located on the west shore of O'sullivan Lake, 38 kilometres (24 miles) to the northeast. The latter is associated with small porphyry intrusives, and has published reserves, as of 1984, of 113,000 tons grading 0.30 oz Au/ton to the 300 foot level. These two deposits, numerous gold showings, several small and larger felsic intrusive bodies, and the area encompassed by the Crescent Lake Property which itself contains gold-bearing iron formation, all fall within a grossly linear trend which may possibly indicate the presence of a regional tectonic structure.
In order to evaluate the gold potential of the Crescent Lake Property, which in spite of two separate documentations of gold has yet to be done, a comprehensive two phase exploration program is recommended. Phase One should consist of cutting a reference control line grid to be followed by detailed geological mapping and prospecting of the entire area. A magnetometer should be used to trace iron formation in unexposed areas which may then be sampled biogeochemically. Based upon data obtained in Phase One, Phase Two should consist of 2,500 feet (760 m) of diamond drilling in order to test zones of surface mineralization and magnetic anomalies at depth. Dependant upon the results of these efforts, further work may be warranted.
• -2- .
Gold deposits in the area include the Paul-Pic deposit (Canamax) just north of
Tashota, with published reserves as of May, 1983, of 2U,000 tons. associated with
iron formation grading 0.209 oz Au/ton, and the Lake Osu deposit (Consolidated Louanna) located on the west shore of O'Sullivan Lake, 38' kilometres (24 mUes) to
the northeast. The latter is associated with small porphyry intrusives, and has published reserves, as of 1984, of 113,000 tons grading O.SO oz Au/ton to the 300
foot level. These two deposits, numerous gold showings; several small and larger felsic intrusive bodies, and the area encompassed by the Cresc,ent lAlke Property
which itself contains gold-bearing _ iron formation, all fall within a grossly linear
trend which may possibly indicate the presence of a regional tectonic structure.
In order to evaluate the gold potential of the Crescent Lake Property, which in
spite of two separate documentations of gold has yet to be done, a comprehensive two phase exploration program is recommended. Phase One should consist of
cutting a reference control line grid to be followed by detailed geological mapping and prospecting of the entire area. A magnetometer should be used to trace iron
formation in unexposed areas which may then be sampled biogeochemically. Based
upon data obtained in Phase One, Phase Two should consist of 2,500 feet (760 m) of
diamond drilling in order to test zones of surface mineralization and magnetic anomalies at depth. Dependant upon the resUlts of these efforts, further work may
be warranted.
INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE
This research report on the Crescent Lake Property a 20 claim block in the District of Thunder Bay, Ontario, has been prepared for Harte Resources Limited at the request of M. Klyman, director. The purpose of this report is to review the geology, mineral deposits and mineral exploration history within and around the property area, in order to gain whatever preliminary knowledge available, and in the process verify and illustrate the merit of a proposal, contained herein, to conduct a program of mineral exploration on the property. Details and costs involved in such a program, which is anticipated to cost CDN $143,000, are also discussed. Information contained in this report is derived from several published sources of information and the provincial Assessment Files (Thunder Bay and Toronto offices). Snow conditions as of February, 1985, precluded any meaningful, preliminary geological studies from taking place, and as a result a personal property visit was not carried out.
In view of the fact that this study has been prepared as a geologist's report on a mining property for submission to the Ontario Securities Commission, I hereby consent to the inclusion of my name and any part or parts of this report as is deemed necessary, in a prospectus and/or other publication dealing with Harte Resources Limited and the Crescent Lake Property.
ipectfully,
INTRODUCnON AND TERMS OF REFERENCE
This research report on the Crescent Lake Property a 20 claim block in the District
of Thunder Bay, Ontario, has been prepared for Harte Resources Limited at the
request of M. Klyman, director. The purpose of this report is to review the geology, mineral deposits and mineral exploration history within and around the
property area, in order to gain whatever preliminary knowledge avaUable, and in
the process verify and illustrate the merit of a proposal, contained herein, to
- conduct a program of mineral exploration on the property. Details and costs
involved in such a program, which is anticipated to cost CDN $143,000, are also
discussed. Information contained in this report is derived from several published
sources of information and the provincial Assessment Files (Thunder Bay and
Toronto offices). Snow conditions as of February, 1985, precluded any meaningful, . -
preliminary geological studies from taking place, and ~s a result a personal
property visit was not carried out.
In view of the fact that this s~udy has been prepared as a geologist's report on a
mining property for submission to the Ontario Securities Commission, I hereby
consent to the inclusion of my name and any part or parts of this report as is
deemed necessary, in a prospectus and/or other publication dealing with Harte Resources Limited and the Crescent Lake Property.
spectfully,
O 100 ISO Kllomvtr**
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r PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
The Crescent Lake Property consists of twenty (20) contiguous unpatented claims comprising a total of approximately 324 hectares (800 acres). The claims are located in north-central Oboshkegan Township, District of Nipigon, Thunder Bay Mining Division, Province of Ontario. The property surrounds Crescent Lake, located centrally within at 633632 on the U.T.M. Universal Transverse Mercator Grid reference system on the Elbow Lake Sheet (42L/4), 1:50,000 series (see Fig. 2). Harte Resources Ltd. retains one hundred percent exclusive mineral rights to the property, as defined in the Ontario Mines Act. The property is located within the boundaries of Claim Map No. G-173 (Oboshkegan Township), consisting of the following claims:
Claim No:
27,1985
e
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PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
The Crescent Lake Property consists of twenty. (20) contiguous unpatented claims
comprising a total of approximately 324 hectares (800 acres). The claims are
located in north-central Oboshkegan Township, District of Nipigon, Thunder Bay
Mining Division, Province of Ontario. The property surrounds Crescent Lake,
located centrally within at 633632 on the U. T.M. Universal Transverse Mercator
Grid reference system on the Elbow Lake Sheet (42L/4), 1:50,000 series (see Fig.
2). Harte Resources Ltd .. retains one hundred percent exclusive mineral rights to
the property, as defined in the Ontario Mines Act. The property is located within
the boundaries of Claim Map No. G-173 (Oboshkegan Township), consisting of the
following claims:
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The Canadian National Railroad line passes through the area in an east-west direction 1.6 kilometres (l mile) north of the northern boundary of the property. Redmond Station, a former C.N.R. maintenance station, and an abandoned forest fire lookout tower are located at this point along the rail line which connects to the town of Nakina 43.2 kilometres (27 miles) to the east. Armstrong, the nearest town along the rail line to the west, is approximately 125 kilometres (78 miles) distant. The town of Geraldton which is the nearest major urban centre, is approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) to the south-southeast, and the city of Thunder Bay which is where the adminstrative headquarters for the region are located, is approximately 224 kilometres (140 miles) southwest of the property.
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The Canadian National Railroad line passes through the area in an east-west
direction 1.6 kilometres (1 mile) north of the northern boundary of the property.
Redmond Station, a former C.N.R. maintenance station, and an abandoned forest
fire lookout tower are "located at this pOint along the rail line which connects to the town of Nakina 43.2 kilometres (27 miles) to the east. Armstrong, the nearest
town along the rail line to the west, is approximately 125 kilometres (78 mUes)
distant. The town of Geraldton which is the nearest major urban centre, Is
approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) to the south-southeast, and the city of
Thunder Bay which is where the adminstrative headquarters for the region are
located, is approximately 224 kilometres (140 miles) southwest of the property.
L-_____________________ Avrom Howard & Associates --.....
(^
ACCESS, PHYSIOGRAPHY, LOCAL RESOURCES
Due to the crescent shape of Crescent Lake it is not accessible by fixed-wing aircraft which can, however, fly in and out of Lac Ste. Marie 600 metres (approximately 2,000 feet) south of the southern boundary of the Crescent Lake Property. Aircraft may be charted at Nakina, Armstrong, Jellicoe and Geraldton. As previously mentioned, the C.N.R. line passes through the area and VIA Rail service is available to Redmond Station, 1.0 kilometres (3,300 feet) north of the northwestern corner of the property. Although air charter will provide the best means of access during the surface phases of exploration on the Crescent Lake Property, rail access will constitute the same during the diamond drilling (and/or additional) phases. Automobile access in the area is improving yearly as logging roads are developed further northward, and is currently available year-round to the village of Auden, also on the rail line, approximately 29 kilometres (18 miles) to the west of the Crescent Lake Property. A dry-weather road reaches Tashota, yet another rail line station approximately 10 kilometres (6 miles) west of the property, from the former Tashota-Nipigon Mine 13 kilometres (8 miles) to the south, which in turn connects to an all-weather road heading west then south to Highway No. 801 terminating at the Trans-Canada Highway (No. 11), a further 84 kilometres (40 miles) travel.
The physiography of the Crescent Lake Property area is typical of the Canadian Shield; broad expanses of marsh, bog, and spruce forest occasionally interrupted by pine and birch (and/or poplar) covered hills and ridges. In addition to Crescent Lake itself there are a number of small marshy ponds, both isolated and connected by narrow creeks which traverse the property. The property is traversed by the height of land separating the Great Lakes Basin and Hudson Bay drainage areas. Lac Ste. Marie drains south into the former, and Crescent Lake north into the latter. Pleistocene cover is reported by recent workers in the area to be thin, typically between 2 to 5 metres, consisting mainly of sand and gravel (Waddington, 1983). Government sources, however, report that overburden consisting of sand and clay may exceed 30 metres (100 feet) in and south of the Tashota area. Considering that the Crescent Lake Property straddles the height of land, overburden is expected to be fairly shallow. In the two diamond drill holes drilled on the property in 1953, overburden depths were 13 and 1.5 feet respectively.
ACCESS, PHYSIOGRAPHY, LOCAL RESOURCES
. . Due to the crescent shape of Cresce~t Lake it is not accessible by fixed-wing
aircraft which can, however, fly in and out of Lac Stet Marie 600 metres (approximately 2,000 feet) south of the southern boundary of the Crescent Lake Property. Aircraft may be charted at Nakina, Armstrong, Jellicoe and Geraldton. As previously mentioned, the C.N.R. line passes through the area and VIA Rail service is available to Redmond Station, 1.0 kilometres (3,300 feet) north of the
northwestern corner of the property. Although air charter will provide the best means of access during the surface phases of exploration on the Crescent Lake Property, rail access will constitute the same during the diamond drilling (and/or
additional) phases. Automobile access in the area is improving yearly as logging
roads are developed further northward, and is currently available year-round to the village of Auden, also on the rail line, approximately 29 kilometres (18 miles) to
the west of the Crescent Lake Property. A dry-weather road reaches Tashota, yet another rail line station approximately 10 kilometres (6 miles) west of the
property, from the former Tashota-Nipigon Mine 13 kilometres (8 miles) to the
south, which in turn connects to an all-weather road heading west then south to
• Highway No. 801 terminating at the Trans-Canada Highway (No. 11), a further 64 kilometres (40 miles) travel.
The physiography of the Crescent Lake Property area is typical of tlle Canadian
Shield; broad expanses of marsh, bog, and spruce forest occasionally interrupted by pine and birch (and/or poplar) covered hillS and ridges. In addition to Crescent
Lake itself there are a number of small marshy ponds, both· isolated and connected
by narrow creeks which traverse the property. The property is traversed by the
height of land separating the Great Lakes Basin and Hudson Bay drainage areas. Lac Stet Marie drains south into the former, and Crescent Lake north into the
latter. Pleistocene cover is reported by recent workers in the area to be thin,
typically between 2 to 5 metres, consisting mainly of sand and gravel (Waddington,
1983). Government sources, however, report that overburden consisting of sand and clay may exceed 30 metres (100 feet) in and south of the Tashota area.
Considering that the Crescent Lake Property straddles the height of land, overburden is expected to be fairly shallow. In the two diamond drill holes drilled on the property in 1953, overburden depths were 13 and 1.5 feet respectively.
~---------------------Avrom Howard & Associates--....
-9-
Local resources are abundant? natural, technological, and human. Water, timber and gravel may be found on and around the property, and electricity is available from Tashota (there is probably a generator at Redmond Station as well). Any materials necessary for mineral exploration, development and exploitation are available either locally in towns such as Nakina and Geraldton, or regionally in cities such as Thunder Bay or Winnipeg, all of from which goods may be shipped directly, to within l kilometre of the property via Canadian National Railways. Skilled and unskilled labour are also available at these locations.
Local resources are abundant; natural, technological, and human. Water,timber
and gravel may be found on and, around the property, and electricity is available from Tashota (there Is probably a generator at Redmond Station as well). Any
materials necessary for mineral exploration, development and exploitation are available either locally in towns such as Nakina 'and Geraldton, or regionally in
cities such as Thunder Bay or Winnipeg, all of from which goods may be shipped
directly, to within 1 kilometre of the property via Canadian National Railways.
Skilled and unskilled labour are also available at these locatlons~
L..-____________________ Avrom Howard & Associqtes __ ...J
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RBQIONAL GEOLOGY
Rocks in the Tashota area consist of a complex sequence of altered and structur ally deformed volcanic, volcanoclastic, sedimentary and intrusive rocks. This volcanosedimentary assemblage forms part of the Wabigoon Greenstone Belt in the Superior Province of the Canadian Precambrian Shield. Keewatin mafic volcanics are the predominant rock type in the area, typical of most greenstone terranes, and are dark green occasionally pillowed andesites and basalts, locally porphyritic, vesicular and/or containing small hornblende phenocrysts. Felsic volcanics, vary from massive rhyolite to agglomerate, to quartz, quartz-feldspar, and feldspar porphyry, which are particularly abundant in the property area. Sediments form a small percentage of the rocks in the Tashota area, and are seen only at Crescent Lake and Knucklethumb Lake (several kilometres to the south-southwest). Sedi ments consist of chert, slate, graphitic argillite, phyllite, greywacke and quartzite, and at Crescent Lake, quartzite makes up almost the entire sequence. Associated with the quartzite, and quartz-feldspar porphyry, are numerous bands of iron formation which may be oxide facies, sulphide facies and in the Crescent Lake area, sulphides replacing oxide facies. The entire sequence has been metamor phosed to greenschist facies.
Intruding into this volcanosedimentary sequence are numerous mafic and felsic bodies of various sizes and ages. To the north of Crescent Lake is the Gzowksi Lake Stock, a biotite-hornblende-quartz monzonite, and within the property is a small gabbro plug. Structural disruption in the area is extensive and of various forms. Numerous faults and lineaments have been recorded, and the discordance of structural and stratigraphic field measurements noted by Amukun (O.G.S. GR 176, Map No. 2354), indicate a very complex structural picture, particularly in areas immediately surrounding intrusive bodies. Shearing is common, and carbonatized and silicified rocks are noted throughout the area as well. For more detailed information on the geology and mineral deposits in the Crescent Lake area, refer to following sections in this report.
RBGIONAL GBOLOGY
Rocks in the Tashota area consist of a complex sequence of altered and structur ally deformed volcanic, volcanoclastic, sedimentary and intrusive rocks. This volcanosedimentary assemblage forms part of the Wabigoon Greenstone Belt in the
Superior Province of the Canadian Precambrian Shield. Keewatin mafic volcanics are the predominant rock type in the area, typical of most greenstone terranes, and
are dark green occasionally pillowed andesites and basalts, locally porphyritiC, vesicular and/or containing small hornblende phenocrysts. Felsic volcanics, vary
from massive rhyolite to agglomerate, to quartz, quartz-feldspar, and feldspar porphyry, which are particularly abundant in the property area. Sediments form a small percentage of the rocks in the Tashota area, and are seen only at Crescent Lake and Knucklethumb Lake (several kilometres to the south-southwest). Sedi
ments consist of chert, slate, graphitic argilUte, phyllite, greywacke and quartzite, and at Crescent Lake, quartzite makes up almost the entire sequence. Associated
with the quartzite, and quartz-feldspar porphyry, are numerous bands of iron formation which may be oxide facies, sulphide facies and in the Crescent Lake
area, sulphides replacing oxide facies. The entire sequence has been metamor phosed to greenschist facies.
Intruding into this volcanosedimentary sequence are numerous mafic and felsic bodies of various sizes and ages. To the north of Crescent .Lake is the Gzowksi
Lake Stock, a biotite-hornblende-quartz monzonite, and within the property is a
small gabbro plug. Structural disruption in the area is extensive and of various
forms. Numerous faults and lineaments have been recorded, and the discordance of
structural and stratigraphic field measurements noted by Amukun (O.G.S. GR 176,
Map No. 2354), indicate a very complex structural picture, particularly in areas
immediately surrounding intrusive bodies. Shearing is common, and carbonatized and silicified rocks are noted throughout the area as well. For more detailed
information on the geology and mineral deposits In the Crescent Lake area, refer
to following sections in this report.
~---------------------Avrom Howard & Associates--.....
Glacial deposit*, glaciofluvial deposits, glaciolacustrine deposits
UNCONFORMITY
MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Fine-grained and medlum-to coarse-grained ophitic diabase
dikes, porphyritic diabase
FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Pegmatite, aplite, felsite, quartz and/or feldspar porphyry,
alaskite, micropegmatite
INTRUSIVE OR QRAOATIONAL CONTACT METAMORPHOSED FELSIC INTRUSIVE AND MIGMATITIC ROCKS
Hornblende-biotite trondhjemite, homblende-biotite grano diorite gneiss, hornblende-biotite-quartz monzonite gneiss, porphyritic biotite gneiss, amphibolite, migma- tite3, quartz diorite
INTRUSIVE CONTACT MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS
Metagabbro, hornblende metagabbro, porphyritic mafic ' . intrusive rocks, metaborite, hornblende lamprophyre
INTRUSIVE CONTACT METAVOLCANICS AND METASEDIMENTS
METASEDIMENTS Argillite (phyllite), slate, conglomerate, arkose, greywacke,
chert, sandstone FELSIC METAVOLCANICS
MAFIC METAVOLCANICS Mafic flows, tuff, breccia, agglomerate, recrystallized flows,
schist
IRON FORMATION
1- Robinson Lake Stock 2. Gzowski Lake Stock 3. Elbow Lake Stock
TABLE 1: Table of Lithologic Units for the Tashota Area
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Glacial deposits, glaciofluvial deposit., glaciolacustrine deposits
UNCONFORMITY
Fine-gralned and medium-to cOlrsa-gralned ophltlc diabase dlkas. porphyritic diabase
INTRUSIVE CONTACT
FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS Pegmatite. aplite. felsite, quartz and/or feldspar porphyry,
alasklte, mlcropegmatlte
INTRUSIVE OR GRADATIONAL CONTACT METAMORPHOSED FELSIC INTRUSIVE AND MIGMATITIC ROCKS
Hornblende-blotite trondhjemite, honlblende-blotlte grano diorite gneiss. hornblende-biotlte.quartz monzonite gneiss, porphvrltic biotite gnell' amphibolite. migma tite3• quartz diorite
INTRUSIVE CONTACT
Intrusive rocks. metldio'rlte; hornblende lamprophyre
INTRUSIVE CONTACT METAVOLCANICS AND METASEDIMENTS
METASEDIMENTS
1. Robinson Lake Stock 2. GZOINski Lake Stock 3. Elbow Lake Stock
Argillite (phyllitel. slate. conglomerete. arkose. greywacke, chert. sandstone
FELSIC METAVOLCANICS Rhyolite to rhyodacite. rhyolite porphyry, tuff. lapllll-
tuff. tuff-breccla. pyroclastic breccia, schist
MAFIC METAVOLCANICS Mafic fIOlN •• tuff, breccia. agglomerate. recrystelllzed flows.
schist
TABLE 1: Table of Lithologic Units for the Tashota Area
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REGIONAL EXPLORATION HISTORY
Robert Bell, employed with the Geological Survey of Canada, was the first geologist to pass through the area east of Lake Nipigon in 1870, and got as far as Wawong Portage on the Kawashagama River where Cavell Station is now situated. In 1907 and 1908 E.S. Moore of the Ontario Bureau of Mines returned to the area in order to map the iron ranges known therein and it is in his report that the first specific mention of the area currently part of the Crescent Lake Property is made. This, and additional references to the property will be discussed more fully in subsequent sections of this report. In 1913 the National Transcontinental Railway was completed giving prospectors access to an area of which little was previously known, with the exception of the Onaman Iron Range mapped by Moore. The discovery of a spectacular gold showing by one such prospector in the summer of 1915 at Howard Falls on the Kawashagama River north of Kowkash, caused a rush which in turn resulted in other gold finds along the same river and in the Tashota area to the west (see Fig. 3).
By 1917 the area was referred to as "The Kowkash Gold Area", and in his report for the Ontario Bureau of Mines, P.E. Hopkins listed 7 major and 5 minor gold showings. Most activity in the Kowkash area was in Tashota where two properties were undergoing underground development work. At the Wells Property, currently known as the Wascanna (Teck), a shaft was sunk to 120 feet and a 700 ton bulk sample was taken, returning a grade of 0.24 oz Au/ton. At the Cline Prospect, currently known as the Paul-Pic (Canamax) just north of the tracks, a shaft was sunk to 48 feet. Further to the east, Tash-Orn Mines Ltd. had a shaft down to 56 feet on the original King-Dodds discovery at Howard Falls, with drifts and cross cuts along the main vein (which was reported to contain local concentrations of "considerable" gold). As a result of Hopkin's survey and property visits, he advised the following: "In prospecting the surface for gold, one should trench in the green schists near the porphyry dikes and in the vicinity of small granite intrusions". He also discussed iron deposits, and it is here that is found a second reference to the area that is currently the Crescent Lake Property. Included in this reference is the report of a three foot sample across a band of iron formation taken at this location which assayed $2.40 Au/ton (approx. 0.11 oz Au/ton).
Avrom Howard A. Associates
REGIONAL EXPLORATION HISTORY
Robert Bell, employed with the Geological Survey of Canada, was· the first
geologist to pass through the area east of Lake Nipigon in 1870, and got as' far ~
Wawong Portage on the Kawashagama River where Cavell Station Is now situated.
In 1907 and 1908 E.S. Moore of the Ontario Bureau of Mines returned to the area in :
order to map the iron ranges known therein and it is in his report that the first specific mention of the area currently part of the Crescent Lake Property is made.·
This, and additional references to the property will be discussed more fully in subsequent sections of this report. In 1913 the National Transcontinental Railway
was completed giVing-prospectors access to an area of which little was previously known, with the exception of the Onaman Iron Range mapped by Moore. The
discovery of a spectacular gold showing by one such prospector in the sum mer of
1915 at Howard Falls on the Kawashagama River north of Kowkash, caused a rush
which in turn resulted in other gold finds along the same river and in the Tashota area to the west (see Fig. 3).
By 191'1 the area was referred to as "The Kowkash Gold Area", and in his report for
the Ontario Bureau of Mines, P.E. Hopkins listed 7 major and 5 minor gold
showings. Most activity in the Kowkash area was in Tashota where two properties
were undergoing underground development work. At the Wells Property, currently
known as the Wascanna (Teck), a shaft was sunk to 120 feet and a 700 ton bulk
sample was taken, returning a grade of 0.24 oz Au/ton. At the Cline Prospect,
currently known as the Paul-Pic (Canamax) just north of the tracks, a shaft was
sunk to 48 feet. Further to the east, Tash-Orn Mines Ltd. had a shaft down to 56
feet on the original King-Dodds discovery at Howard Falls, with drifts and cross
cuts along the main vein (which was reported to contain local concentrations of
"considerable" gold). As a result of Hopkin's survey and property visits, he advised
the following: "In prospecting the surface for gold, one should trench in the green
schists near the porphyry dikes and in the vicinity of small granite intrusions". He
also discussed iron deposits, and it is here that is found a second reference to the area that is currently the Crescent Lake Property. Included in this reference is the
report of a three foot sample across a band of iron formation taken at this location which assayed $2.40 Au/ton (approx. 0.11 oz Au/ton).
'-----------------------Avrom Howard & Associates ---'
-13-
In 1923 a gold discovery was made south of Tashota in the Onaman Lake area, with several more following shortly thereafter. The McKechnie property as it was known, was purchased by Tashota-Nipigon Mines Ltd. who by 1928 had a shaft down to 225 feet. Between 1935-38 this deposit produced 12,355 oz Au, 14,527 oz Ag, and 575,430 Ibs Cu, and is currently owned by Lynx Canada-Explorations Ltd. in a consortium with other companies (property is currently under option to Mattagami Lake Exploration Ltd.). In 1925 T.L. Gledhill visited the area, which at the time was referred to as "The Tashota-Onaman Gold Area", and elaborated further on Hopkin's observations and conclusions. Gledhill documented six distinct types of gold mineralization, and in his recommendations to prospectors emphasized shear zones within greenstone about 3/4 mile from greenstone /granite contact, the granite batholiths being in his view the ultimate source of gold in the area. It was also during the twenties that a number of gold showings were discovered within the same belt, further to the east at O'sullivan Lake, one of which was until recently in production (Lake Osu - Consolidated Louanna).
Exploration and development work continued in the area during the 1930's, although it was only at the Tashota-Nipigon Mines Ltd. property that any significant production took place. In 1931, L.F. Kindle of the Ontario Department of Mines visited the area, and commented on many of the properties visited by his counterparts during the previous two decades. He also made specific mention of gold-bearing iron formation at Lac Ste. Marie although he did not state whether he was actually there, or was merely repeating what was previously written else where. In 1938 W.W. Moorehouse paid the last visit to the area by a government geologist for many years, and prepared a report entitled, "Geology of the South Onaman Area". In his recommendations to prospectors he also emphasized sheared, porphyry-intruded schists, small granite intrusives, and mentioned the wide distri bution of molybdenite along sheared, and silicified zones within and at the contacts of granite and diorite bodies.
During the second world war interest in the area declined, and only recently has that interest begun to revive. During the 1950's limited exploration work for iron took place, and during the late sixties and early seventies numerous airborne and ground geophysical surveys were conducted as companies searched for base metal
-13 -
In 1923 a gold di;covery was made south of Tashota in the Onaman Lake area, with
several more following shortly thereafter. The McKechnie property as it was
known, was purchased by Tashota-Nipigon Mines Ltd. who by 1928 had a shaft down
to 225 feet. Between 1935-38 this deposit produced 12,355 oz Au, 14,527 OZ Ag,
and 575,430 lbs Cu, and is currently owned by Lynx Canada-Explorations Ltd. in a
consortium with other companies (property is currently under option to Mattagami
Lake Exploration Ltd.). In 1925 T.L. Gledhill visited the area, which at the time
was referred to as "The Tashota-Onaman Gold Area", and elaborated further on
Hopkin's observations and conclusions. Gledhill documented six distinct types of
gold mineralization, and in his recommendations to prospectors emphasized shear
zones within greenstone about 3/4 mile from greenstone/granite contact, the
granite batholiths being in his view the ultimate source of gold in the area. It was
a180 during the twenties that a number of gold showings were discovered within the
same belt, further to tJ'le east at O'Sullivan Lake, one of which was until recently in production (Lake Osu - Consolidated Louanna).
Exploration and development work continued in the area during the 1930's, although
it was only at the Tashota-Nipigon Mines Ltd. property that any significant
production took place. In 1931, L.F. Kindle of the Ontario Department of Mines
visited the area, and commented on many of the properties visited by his
counterparts during the previous two decades. He also made specific mention of
gold-bearing iron formation at Lac Ste. Marie although he did not state whether he
was actually there, or was merely repeating what wa~ previously written else
where. In 1938 W. w. Moorehouse paid the last visit to the area by a government
geologist for many years, and prepared a report entitled, "Geology of the South
Onaman Area". In hi; recommendations to prospectors he a180 emphasized sheared,
porphyry-intruded schists, small granite intrusives, and mentioned the wide distri
bution of molybdenite along sheared, and silicified zones within and at the contacts
of granite and diorite bodies.
During the second world war interest in the area declined, and only recently has
that interest begun to revive. During the 1950's limited exploration work for iron
took place, and during the late sixties and early seventies numerous airborne and ground geophysical surveys were conducted as companies searched for base metal
'-----------------------Avrom Howard & Associates -_ ....
-14-
T
massive sulphide deposits. Towards the end of the seventies as the price of gold began to rise, however, companies began to return to many of the old showings and past producers with the hope of discovering new and/or additional reserves therein. As a result, all of the old major properties in the Tashota-Onaman area are currently either held or optioned by major mining companies. In the Tashota area, the Wascanna (Wells) property is currently under option to Teck who have been conducting drilling programs there since 1982, but have yet to publish any reserves. At the Paul-Pic (Cline) Property to the north, Canamax has drilled a deposit which as of 1983 was reported to contain 212,000 tons at 0.209 oz Au/ton. Canamax also holds numerous other properties to the east, northeast and southeast of Tashota in Gzowski and Oboshkegan Townships. The Adair Property, just to the north of the Paul-Pic, was recently under option to Inco. As previously mentioned, Lynx Canada currently owns the Tashota-Nipigon Mines Ltd. (McKecnnie) Property whose reserves were reported to be 3,600 tonnes at 0.2 oz Au/ton in 1967. Further to the east at O'sullivan lake, Consolidated Louanna put the old Miller Prospect (1935) into production in 1982, transferring intererst to Cumo Resources Ltd. in 1984 who in turn have production directed by the Mining Corp. of Canada (Noranda subsidiary). Reserves as of March 1984 stood at 113,000 tonnes averaging 0.30 oz Au/ton, down to the 300 foot level.
Although there have been substantial efforts at these locations, properties en compassing past producers for the most part, there has been little in the way of consistent efforts elsewhere. Individuals and companies have staked many of the other gold showings documented by the original government workers in the area, and by 8.E. Amukun in his report on the area in 1976, but most have been abandoned shortly thereafter with either little or no work done on them. A cursory examination of pertinent claim maps indicates that staking in areas aside from those containing previously known occurrences, which would indicate that either new conceptual research and/or prospecting is occurring, has not yet taken place.
-14 -
massive sulphide deposits. Towards the end of the seventies as the price of gold began to rise, however, companies began to return to many of the old showings and
past producers with tl:\e hope of discovering new and/or additional reserves therein.
As a result, all of the old major properties in the Tashota-Onaman area are
currently either held or optioned by major mining companies. In the Tashota area, the Wascanna (Wells) property is currently under option to Teck who have been
conducting drilling programs there since 1982, but have yet to publish any reserves.
At the Paul-Pic (Cline) Property to the north, Canamax has drilled a deposit which'
as of 1983 was reported to contain 212,00.9 tons at 0.209 oz Au/ton. Canamax also
holds numerous other properties to the east, northeast and southeast of Tashota in
Gzowski and Oboshkegan Townships. The Adair Property, just to the north of the
Paul-Pic, was recently under option to Inco. As previously mentioned, Lynx
Canada currently owns the Tashota-Nipigon Mines Ltd. (McKechnie) Property
whose reserves were reported to be 3,600 tonnes at 0.2 oz Au/ton in 1967. Further
to the east at O'Sullivan lake, Consolidated Louanna put the old Miller Prospect
(1935) into production in 1982, transferring intererst to Cumo Resources Ltd. in
1984 who in turn have production directed by the Mining Corp. of Canada (Noranda
subsidiary). Reserves as of March 1984 stood at 113,000 tonnes averaging 0.30 oz
Au/ton, down to the 300 foot level.
Although there have been substantial efforts at these locations, properties en
compassing past producers for the most part, there has been little in the way of
consistent efforts elsewhere. Individuals and companies have staked many of the
other gold showings documented by the original government workers in the area,
and by S.E. Amukun in his report on the area in 1976, but most have been
abandoned shortly thereafter with either little or no work done on them. A cursory
examination of pertinent claim maps indicates that staking in areas aside from
those containing previously known occurrences, which would indicate that either
new conceptual research and/or prospecting is occurring, has not yet taken place.
I.....--------------------Avrom How<:Jrd & Associates--....
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-16-
PROPERTY GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION HISTORY
E.S. Moore was the first government of Ontario geologist to specifically mention the area encompassed by the Crescent Lake Property in his 1908 report, "The Iron Ranges East of Lake Nipigon". At the time the property area was known as the Trombley Claims, where; "a lean range of iron formation up to 500 feet wide has been staked, lying along St. Marie Lake". This same body of water is today known as Crescent Lake, while another lake to the south, previously nameless, is called Lac Ste. Marie. In 1917 P.E. Hopkins made a reference to the same area, by this time known as the "Lake Ste. Marie Deposit", in a section of his report which discussed iron deposits in the Kowkash area. Rewrote:
"A wide iron formation band of varying strike and dip occurs in the rhyolites around Lake Ste. Marie, which is two miles to the southeast of Redmond Station. The rocks have been greatly brecciated, permitting the circulation of sulphide solutions. This may be the original Trombley iron deposit referred to by E.S. Moore, but it is now staked by Russell and Dwyer. Within 100 yards of the northeast shore of the lake, trenching has revealed a pyrite band three feet in width. A chipped sample across three feet yielded, on assay, 31.3 per cent of sulphur and $2.40 of gold to the ton. There was not enough work done to disclose the extent of the deposit."
On the map accompanying Hopkin's report (Map No. 26a), the lake known today as Crescent Lake is labelled "L. Ste. Marie", along with some notes about the iron formation (see Fig. 3). Even though the distance of two miles referred to above places one almost half-way between this lake and the one which is today known as Lac Ste. Marie, the measured distance on his map is less than two miles. There is a big hill between the two points which probably accounts for this discrepancy. In addition, the shape of this lake and its position with respect to surrounding landmarks is identical to the one known on all current maps of the area as Crescent Lake, so there can be no doubt that they are one and the same. His reference to the occurrence of gold is also quite significant, and at a prevailing gold price of $21.00 per ounce translates into 0.11 oz Au/ton. It is also noteworthy because it documents a knowledge and awareness of the association between iron formation and gold at that time.
BXPLORA'nON HISTORY
E.S. Moore was the first government of Ontario geologist to specifically mention the area encompassed by the Crescent Lake Property in his 1908 report, ilThe Iron
Ranges East of Lake Nipigon". At the time the property area was known as the
Trombley Claims, where; "a lean range of iron formation up to 500 feet wide has .
been staked, lying along St. Marie Lake"; This same body of water is today known
as Crescent Lake, while another lake to the south, previously nameless, is called
Lac Ste. Marie. In 1917 P.E. Hopkins made a reference to the same area, by this time known as the "Lake Ste. Marie Deposit", in a section of his report which
discussed iron deposits in the Kowkash area. He wrote:
"A wide iron formation band of var¥ing strt~e ana dip oocurs1n the rhyolites around Lake Ste. Marie, which is two mUes to tile southeast
of Redmond Station. The rOcks have been greatly breCCiated, permitting the circulation of sulphide solutions. This ',I'flay be the
original Trombley iron deposit referred to by E.S. Moore, but it is now staked by Russell and Dwyer. Within 100 yards of the northeast
shore of the lake, trenching has reve~ed a pyrite band three feet in
width. A chipped sample across three feet yielded, on ~say, 31.3
per cent of sulphur and $2.40 of gold to tl)e ton. There was not
enough work done to disclose the extent of the deposit."
On the map accompanying Hopkin's report (Map No. 26a), the lake known today as
Crescent Lake is labelled "L. Ste. Marie", along with some notes .about the iron
formation (see Fig. 3). Even though the distance of two mUes referred to above
places one almost half-way between this lake and the one which is today known as
Lac Ste • .Marie, the measured distance on his map is less than two mUes.There is a big hill between the two points which probably accounts for this discrepancy. In
addition, the shape of this lake and its pOSition with respect to surrounding landmarks is identical to the one known on all current maps of the area as Crescent
Lake, so there can be no doubt that they are one and the same. His reference to
the occurrence of gold is also quite significant, and at a prevailing gold price of
$21.00 per ounce translates into 0.11 oz Au/ton. It is also noteworthy because it e documents a knowledge and awareness of the association between iron formation
and gold at that time.
~--------------------Avrom Howard & Associates--....
-17-
L.F. Kindle was the next government geologist to refer specifically to the Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake) area in his report of 1931. He repeated what Hopkins had written in his report 6 years earlier, stating} "At Lake Ste. Marie, magnetite of the banded iron has been almost wholly replaced by pyrite, which carries low gold values." He did not quote any assays in this brief reference, but did not refer to Hopkin's report either, so it is possible that he took some samples of his own. Of greater significance than his reiteration of the occurrence of gold, however, is his mention of pyrite replacing magnetite, indicating that some sort of chemical alteration had taken place.
There are no records in the provincial government assessment files of work which may have been performed by either Trombley or Russell and Dwyer while prospecting for iron, although they must have done something in order to consistently attract the attention of government geologists between 1908 and 1938. The first records of exploration work in the Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake) area in the assessment files dates back to 1953, and a company called Candella Development Company. They acquired a four claim property known as the Peterson Group and in December of that year and February of the following, submitted two drill logs to the government for assessment credits. It is apparent that they also conducted a dip needle magnetic survey across the property because a mag profile listing degrees on the vertical axis and line co-ordinates on the horizontal is shown on a drafted vertical section of drill hole no. 2 (see Appendix 1). This is confirmed by S.E. Amukun, a government geologist who mentioned the existence of a picketed grid observed during his visit to the property in 1973, in his report on the area (GR 167,1977).
Taking into consideration the year, survey method, and numerous iron and sulphur assays and cumulative percent calculations seen in the drill logs, it is apparent that Candella was exploring for sulphur. In hole no. l, however, they also assayed thirteen samples for gold, two of which yielded 0.005 oz Au/ton across just over one metre (3.5 and 3.7 feet respectively), but they did not assay any samples from the second hole drilled a month later for gold. In hole no. l, the first occurrences of gold is associated with questioned porphyry and the second with quartzite breccia, with abundant pyrite and pyrrhotite in both cases. Hole no. l was drilled to
- 17-
L.F. Kindle was the next government geologist to refer specifically to the Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake) area in his report of 1931. He repeated what Hopkins
had written in hiS report 6 years earlier, statiJ)g; "At Lake Ste. Marie,.magnetite of the banded iron has been almost wholly replaced by pyrite, which carries low gold
values." He did not quote any assays in this brief reference, but did not refer to Hopkin's report either, so it is possible that he took some samples of his own.· Of
greater significance than his reiteration of the occurrence of gold, however, is his mention of pyrite replacing magnetite, indicating that some sort of chemical alteration had taken place.
There are no records in the provincial government assessment files of work which may have been performed by either Trombley or Russell and Dwyer while prospecting for iron, although they must have done somethi~g in order to
consistently attract the attention of government geologists between 1908 and 1938. The first records of exploration work in the Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake) area in the assessment files dates back to 1953, and a company called Candella Development Company. They acquired a four claim property known as the
Peterson Group and in December of that year and February of the following,
submitted two drill logs to the government for assessment credits. It is apparent that they also conducted a dip needle magnetic survey across the property because
a mag profile listing degrees on the vertical axis and line co-ordinates on the
horizontal is shown on a drafted vertical section of drill hole no. 2 (see Appendix
1). This is confirmed by S.E. Amukun, a government geologist who mentioned the
existence of a picketed grid observed during his visit to the property in 1973, in his
report on the area (GR 167, 1977).
Taking into consideration the year, survey method, and numerous iron and sulphur
assays and cumulative percent calculations seen in the drill logs, it is apparent that
Candella was exploring for sulphur. In hole no. 1, however, they also assayed
thirteen samples for gold, two of which yielded 0.005 oz Au/ton acroSs just over one metre (3.5 and 3.7 feet respectively), but they did not assay any samples from
the second hole drilled a month later for gold. In hole no. 1, the first occurrences
of gold is associated with questioned porphyry and the second with quartzite breccia, with abundant pyrite and pyrrhotite in both cases. Hole no. 1 was drilled to
L-...--------------------Avrom Howard & Associates--..J
-18-
total depth of 548.8 feet, with no report of the interval between 212.0 and 271.5 feet, in a southeasterly direction from the north shore of Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake). According to the drill section, it was intended to intersect a northwesterly dipping band of iron formation which had been trenched on the southeastern shore of the lake (possibly the trench referred to by Hopkins), but the section indicated that the hole may not have reached its target. Hole no. 2 was drilled to a depth of 325.0 feet in a southeasterly direction under a marsh, to intersect iron formation documented on the other side in outcrop, at the north eastern tip of Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake).
Several rock units are documented in the drill logs, but of greater significance are numerous references to structural and alteration features in hole no. 1. Sheared and carbonatized, sericitized, volcanic breccia with interspersed sections of quartz-feldspar porphyry is mentioned, followed by quartzite breccia and iron formation (pyrite and pyrrhotite) also with interspersed sections of quartz-feldspar porphyry. At 435.0 feet, the quartzite was described as "showing bedding or pseudo-bedding," and slate containing graphite and marcasite were documented as well. Hole no. 2 intersected sheared, altered volcanics for the first 155 feet, and almost half of the core in this interval was lost. At 115.1 feet there is a reference to "banding which may represent tuff beds". Between 155 and 325 feet iron formation-bearing quartzite was intersected containing pyrite and pyrrhotite primarily, with one reference to magnetite at 168.6 feet. Between 170.0 and 186.5 feet the quartzite was described as being, "partly altered, very siliceous". At 186.5 feet numerous garnets were reported. Specularite was reported-at 207.5 feet and at 226.5 a "peculiar alteration, epidote?" was reported. No further work was reported by this company.
Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd. was the next group to acquire the property staking it in 1972 on the basis of several anomalies reported in a Questor Input Survey conducted across the area, (see Fig. 4). It appears as if Noranda was exploring for base metals, (although there is no specific mention in their report of exactly what it was they were looking for, aside from reporting that the purpose of the ground geophysical surveys was, "to determine whether there is any sulphide minerali zation"), judging by the year (1972) and the method (airborne geophysical anomaly
• -18 -
total depth of 548.8 feet, with no report of the interval between 212.0 and 271.5 feet, in a southeasterly direction from the north shore of Lake Ste. Marie
(Crescent Lake). According to the drill section, it was intended to. intersect a
northwesterly dipping band of iron formation which had been trenched on' ,the southeastern shore of the lake (possibly the trench referred to by Hopkins), but the
section indicated that the hole may not have reached its target. Hole no. 2 was drilled to a depth of 325.0 feet in a southeasterly direction under a marsh, to
intersect iron formation documented on th~ other side in outcrop, at the north eastern tip of Lake Ste. Marie (Crescent Lake).
Several rock units are documented in the drill logs, but of greater significance are
numerous references to structural and alteration features in hole no. 1. Sheared
and carbonatized, sericitized, volcanic breccia with. Interspersed sections of quartz-feldspar porphyry is mentioned, followed by quartzite breccia and iron
formation (pyrite and pyrrhotite) also with interspersed sections of quartz-feldspar
porphyry. At 435.0 feet, the quartzite was described as "showing bedding or
pseudo-bedding," and slate containing graphite and marcasite were documented as
well. Hole no. 2 intersected sheared, altered volcanics for the first '155 feet, .and
• almost half of the core in this interval was lost. At 115.1 feet there is Ii reference to "banding which may represent tuff bedsl1• Between 155 and 325 feet iron
formation-bearing quartzite was intersected containing pyrite and pyrrhotite primarily, with one reference to magnetite at 168.6 feet. Between 170.0 and 186.5
feet the quartzite was described as being, "partly altered, very siliceous". At 186.5 feet numerous garnets were reported. Specularite was r~ported'at 207.5 feet and
at 226.5 a "peculiar alteration, epidote?" was reported. No further work w.as reported by this company.
Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd. was the next group to acquire the property staking it
in 1972 on the basis of several anomalies reported in a Questor Input Survey conducted across the area, (see Fig. 4). It appears as if Noranda was exploring for
base metals, (although there is no specific mention in their report of exactly what it was they were looking for, aside from reporting that the purpose of the ground
geophysical surveys was, "to determine whether there is any sulphide minerali zation"), judging by the year (1972) and the method (airborne geophysical anomaly
~--------------------Avrom Howard & Associates __ ..J
-19-
location foUowed by ground geophysical anomaly verification/elimination, standard practice in base metals exploration at that time). Following the airborne survey, Noranda staked seventeen contiguous claims, according to their location plan map, yet in the geophysical assessment report it is stated that they staked only six. They also named the wrong lake "Lake Ste. Marie", ascribing this name to a previously un-named lake a mile to the southeast. Furthermore, they reported that the six-claim area which they did ground geophysics across was underlain by "mafic flow rock trending 330 degrees azimuth", when in fact there is actually a gabbro intrusive there having a northeasterly contact with surrounding volcanics at 330 degrees, which in turn trend in an east-northeast direction (as documented on government maps since 1917). As a result of this mistake Noranda cut a grid with picket lines parallel to the local stratigraphy and perpendicular to the original Questor flight lines, but obtained several magnetic and electromagnetic anomalies nonetheless. Follow up work was recommended to evaluate the anomalies, but there is no record in the assessment files of any further work being performed.
S.E. Amukun, a government geologist working for the Ontario Geological Survey, visited the Noranda property in 1973 and mapped it as well. He apparently followed Noranda's lead (unless it was vice versa) and named the wrong lake Lake Ste. Marie and the real Lake Ste. Marie "Crescent Lake" instead, a name adopted by all subsequent provincial and federal government maps of the area. On his map he correctly documented the gabbro intrusive, as well as noting iron formation, quartzite, silicification, carbonization, and a number of old pits and trenches (see Fig. 5). In his section on gold deposits in the Tashota area he summarized Candella's work and made mention of Noranda's presence in the Crescent Lake area and elsewhere. In this section there is a separate reference to the "Lake Ste. Marie Occurrence", where he quoted Hopkins' original report of 1917 and stated that he was unable to find this "iron-gold deposit". The reason for this, of course, is that he must have either not seen or overlooked Hopkins' map and had therefore, searched around the wrong lake.
There are no references to the Crescent Lake area since the 1973 field season, in either government reports or the assessment files. It has been staked since then, however, as recently as August 1983 by a prospector from Noranda, Quebec. No work was filed and the claims lapsed on August l, 1984 due to non-renewal of the prospector's licence. Over 50 claims were also staked in June 1983 by another prospector from Quebec, to the east and as far south as Wells Lake, 3 miles to the south, but all expired in June 1984 without any work having been filed.
——————————————————————————— Avrom Howard A Associates
location followed by ground geophysical anomaly verification/elimination, standard
practice in base metals exploration at that time). Following the airborne survey,
Noranda staked seventeen contiguous claims, according to their location plan map,
yet in the geophysical assessment repqrt it is stated that they staked only six.
They also named the wrong lake "Lake Ste. Marie", ascribing this name to a
previously un-named lake a mUe to the southeast. Furthermore, they reported that
the six-claim area which they did ground geophysics across was underlain by "mafic
flow rock trending 330 degrees azimuth"., when in fact ~here is actually a gabbro
intrusive there having a northeasterly contact with surrounding volcanics at 330 - -
degrees, which in turn trend in an east-northeast direction (as documented on government maps since 1917). As a result of this mistake Noranda cut a grid with
picket lines parallel to the local stratigraphy and perpendicular to the original Questor flight lines, but obtained several magnetic and electromagnetic anomalies
nonetheless. Follow up work was recommended to evaluate the anomalies, but there is no record in the assessment files of any further work being performed.
S.E. Amukun, a government geologist working for the Ontario Geological Survey, visited the Noranda property in 1973 and mapped it as well. He' apparently
followed Noranda's lead (unless it was vice versa) and named the wrong lake Lake
Ste. Marie and the real Lake Ste. Marie "Crescent Lake" instead, a name adopted
by all subsequent provincial and federal government maps of the area. On his map
he correctly documented the gabbro intrusive, as well as noting iron formation,
quartZite, silicification, carbonization, and a number of old pits and trenches (see
Fig. 5). In his section on gold deposits in the Tashota area he summarized
Candella's work and made mention of Noranda's presence in the Crescent Lake area
and elsewhere. In this section there is a separate reference to the "Lake Ste.
Marie Occurrence", where he quoted Hopkins' original report of 1917 and stated
that he was unable to find this "lron-gold deposit". The reason for this, of course,
is that he must have either not seen or overlooked Hopkins' map and had therefore,
searched around the wrong lake.
There are no references to the Crescent Lake area since the 1973 field season, in
either government reports or the assessment fUes. It has been staked since then,
however, as recently as August 1983 by a prospector from Noranda, Quebec. No
work was fUed and the claims lapsed on August 1, 1984 due to non-renewal of the
prospector's licence. Over 50 claims were also staked in June 1983 by another
prospector from Quebec, to the east and as far south as Wells Lake, 3 mUes to the south, but all.expired in June 1984 without any work having been filed.
I......--------------------Avrom Howard & Associates---'
NORANDA EXPLORATION CO. LTD. Property Boundary (1973) HARTE RESOURCES LTD. Property Boundary (1985) Questor INPUT Survey Flight Line and Anomaly (1972)
Diamond Drill Hole (1953)
REDMOND STATION
SCALE: 1: 31 ,500 Lac Ste. Marie (1973)
" .... ....
......
, , ,
, , • ,
~ , ,
:.
NORANDA EXPLORATION CO. LTD. Property Boundary (1973) HARTE RESOURCES LTD. Property Boundary (1985) Questor INPUT Survey Flight Line and Anomaly (1972)
Diamond Drill Hole (1953)
LEOENP
-21-
CENOZOIC*
QUATERNARY
PtEISTOCEHE GlK'tl drposjfs tgiouivi nnxtinft); IflKinflwitl tfowS'(* tmttrttJntt im- MIH*S, esltntt, ot/ftvlin dtoosittti tit
e atpositt (ctt/, ut. w/w, Mil.
UNCONfOWMITV
PRECAMBRIAN*
INTRUftlVC CONTACT CARL Y PRECAMBRIAN*
FIlSIC IGNEOUS AND MITAMOHPHIC AOCK8
BO! FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS
NTRUCIVC O1 GRADATION*!. CONTACT
ni.jinatite tnO ontist).
MAFIC INTRUSIVE HOCKS*
, . 4d Mcfadiottlc. foliate lo x ie Hoin&cndc tt'fO'Op'W 41 Ptwphyrilir nn/if mfrws
MCTAVOLCANICB AND MCTASEDIMENTS*
ELSIC METAVOLCANICS ? VnsuMttuint. It Senate whist, talc st ft/si K ftfiôlitf la ikyrttttitc, o
/(V'B/f. fc Rt\yQitlt to ttivvixHe.
iftei/tV, M Rfiyolitf (wu f l tye) ft Jvlt-titf.cn.
th JufT """ ""
MAFIC MF.T*VOLCANICS
l* t.*,.,*-.. Jh Qutiti-fi,,^r™, -..^..^,.
hybrid (inigmttit*) roct. le fljsj/l. miss'tv h) fo/nfe. (rf Aistfff, xhislQSt. sheared.
tg Basalt, tinygdttodtl tirf vtii It) Btsnlt.pQtphyritlcf'lfOptril"} ti Mtdnirrt-tD cotrst-grtin*}
(reprint from Amukun, 1V76)
LEGEND
CKNOZOIC·
PL(ISTOCENE C;I«I,I rHPI$its (ground I11Of.,,,.,); t/JtcIfl(IU'tI.1 CkPQsih j/nl,rk.Nt. mo Iot'''fS, «"sA"". outw'th dePOSI"', fl'" (1O/I(usiliM c1fPOflt. (CMY, ~it MM. lIIII.
UHC~"OIlt"'ITV
M~Ri'H':"~U~n: ..... PlC IH1~U$lVI IIOcn
II] 1 UnluhdNidN. " fiM·gr •• /Wi diaIM. dilles. 1b CNfU-gl"ntt/ophitlc tli.Nt'd, •••. ~, I'ClfphYIJt,c d,.bf",.
INTNUIIYt' CONTACT
AOCKI 'ElSIC INHcUSIVE ROCKS
ru. Ut1SiJto(1'l'llltd. '" tkll,(HIIJ.rtl,notllOlJ,'e. lib nnr/,,,,,,,I/1ft·h,oI,tI·qlllt,', mOllIOtl· ,I. ,.~ Hom&ltntt.-quvtl MOrIl(In''', &1 BII1(!l/)·hO,"fJ~~·qlJ.,tl n'lOfllOtl· ",. It Mnnl')"i{l'. " Ou .. ,U tlmMe. -6Q AJ~.~AIt~. 'fllt/sl/t:. f,i OtJllrI'{JOIph'1IY,QrJartl·"rdS/Mfpol'
I!iA ~1~r~./Mlsp" {IOIphyry .
.fim hgmlJf.le. ffllClOpfQm«itf',
MtT AMonf.'/IOSEO r£l$lC INTAU· srvE. P-ND MIGMA.lIHC ROCKS
,...-"1 5 Unsuba/ridOO. IIW.......J ~ ~o(fI~ndc·bioMN:lJflt' montor'llt.
~b f~~~ti''IIII~ blollt~ fI',flf)t3lf)ot, ./lfleo/$S.
ok H,lfflt.!r:/I,j,.·biu/il",OIldliJtmit" !d OUd"l ·'.WJ'Pdf . min ,mph/bOil"~
~~ r~~~1;,::~~I;:~~,~~a:t~~:::{, 10 4. ':It "Olll.~t ,,it.~· (qulfll,.,,.)bioMeo,,llf/ss. <;w QUilff, g·cs/lt
II'.IHlIU51111E t:O'4TAC,
Hftll'J~I\I': Ct)NTACT
MlTAVOlCANICB AND MET ASIEDIMfNTS.
eo ~ U/l~uhd,~idtd. ... J' SilnO~!Ol)c, . 3b GI~~~dri.('
". Alj.·w, JlJ Q'/.jrl/llc, '" C'l·l~"I')'n('r/Jt,.. 3( .si~h·. 3" AIQI/I'tt'rClly/Istf') .'h (h'r,.
"'" FELSIC M[r A'IOlCAN!CS
1 Unsuflt.',vlri('fj,
I£J I, Setlcltf' -.chlst, laic SLflJ .. /. 1b Rflt01slc to Ihyod/tl."llc, mUStr, to
tClls,/e. Ie R/I)Oltt' to ,1I.,OI1«lt" 5thistoN,
"he'tN, 111 Rhyolitf! (qV.,11 'Yf' porphYIY • .,. TIJII·bltr.(/ •. If L.psl"·'ut(. IQ Pyro.;/.stk ",«ci •. tliTuf/. '1 AQOfo,1)ffll,. t. Qultt, pt'JfpIlYfY, quatt,.(,IdS/* PDf·
p/lY'r, /f!IdSNf porphyry"
MAFIC MET AI/OLeAN'CS
.:J ' UnsulxJ/'Il(Je(J. I, B<oI,I,·.mpflibclaac:,.,slJ, 'h Qu"t'·(tldsP4,-ampluOo/. KIIi""
hvb,id (miQm.lItf) IOd. Ic B.tSlIl, m'S$IVf to loIi./t, 'd S.s,ll, 5(hislo$f, ,,..,,«1. Ie 84""'1, piJIov.fd ~,. '9 &<;411, ,my¢./fMd./.,!d 'I'SIC&lI.,.
:7 A~~::~Ph~=~c,!,;:r,:")~}~ tntl."QIc.flic •. ,
,,I; fur/.nd br«:cl'. 'm AqQsiolYlf'f"tf, 1n Ch/c)(li, $cliis/,
1~1'(onlofmlllOfl.
" Pylill,
1: 31,500
-22-
Once the long and somewhat confused history of the Crescent Lake Property is sorted out, it can be recognized as hosting a documented gold showing in addition to being a long-known sulphur prospect. Much more significant than this fact in terms of the ultimate gold potential of this property, however, is the document ation of numerous related features both local and regional, which can be inter preted/postulated as fitting into a general model for Archean gold deposits, as recently described in Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5524 (Colvine et. al., 1984).
On a regional scale, it is significant'to note the widespread occurrence of gold within the volcano-sedimentary sequence associated with iron formation (Tashota), porphyry intrusive (O'sullivan Lake), and with both (Onaman Lake). Iron formation is a well-documented host or trap for gold (depending upon whether one adopts a syngenetic or epigenetic view towards these deposits), the deposits at Red Lake, Geraldton, and Central Patricia being good examples. In all of these cases, gold is found where sulphides have replaced oxide facies iron formation and/or where intense quartz-carbonate fracture systems have developed within the iron form ation. Intrusives are also commonly associated with gold, acting as a preferred structural and/or chemical trap, examples being found in Timmins, Geraldton, and Red Lake. Larger intrusive bodies such as the Gzowski Lake Stock also play a role in the regional distribution of gold deposits possibly providing a source for metalliferous fluids as well as heat necessary for the generation of fluid move ment.
The presence of intrusives is also significant because they are often found to have been emplaced into major tectonic structures, which allow for their intrusion and act as conduits for deep-seated large scale hydrothermal systems. The Porcupine- Destor fault and associated intrusives is a classic example. There is a grossly linear trend striking east-northeast from Tashota to O'sullivan Lake, connecting many gold showings/deposits and large and small intrusive bodies which may theoretically represent a similar type of tectonic feature. On a local scale, shearing and fracturing are quite commonly observed in gold deposits, allowing gold-bearing fluids to enter and permeate the surrounding lithologies. The
Once the long and somewhat confused history of the Crescent Lake Property is sorted out, it can be recognized as hosting a documented gold showing in addition to being a long-known sulphur prospect. Much more significant than this fact in
terms of the ultimate gold potential of this property, however, Is the document ation of- numerous related features both local and regional, which can be inter
preted/postulated as fitting. into a general model for Archean gold depOSits, as recently described in Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5524 (Colvine et. al., 1984).
On a regional scale, it is significant' to note the widespread occurrence of· gold
within the volcano-sedimentary sequence associated with iron formation (Tashota),
porphyry intrusive (O'Sullivan Lake), and with both (Onaman Lake). Iron formation is a well-documented host or trap for gold (depending upon whether one adopts a
syngenetic or epigenetic view towards these depOSits), the deposits at Red Lake,
Geraldton, and Central Patricia being good examples. In all of these cases, gold is found where sulphides have replaced oxide facies iron formation and/or where
intense quartz-carbonate fracture systems have developed within the iron form
ation. Intrusives are also commonly associated with gold, acting as a preferred structural and/or chemical trap, examples being found in Timmins, Geraldton, and
Red Lake. Larger intrusive bodies such as the Gzowski Lake Stock also playa role
in the regional distribution of gold deposits possibly providing a source for,
metalliferous fiuids as well as heat necessary for the generation of fluid move ment.
The presence of intrusives is also significant because they are often found to have been emplaced into major tectonic structures, which allow for their intrusion and act as conduits for deep-seated large scale hydrothermal systems. The Porcupine
Destor fault and associated intrusives Is a classic example. There Is a grossly
linear trend striking east-northeast from Tashota to O'Sullivan Lake, connecting many gold showings/deposits and large and small intrusive bodies which may theoretically represent a similar type of tectonic feature. On a local scale,
shearing and fracturing are quite commonly observed in gold deposits, allowing gold-bearing fluids to enter and permeate the surrounding lithologies. The
L..-________ -.:.. ____________ Avrom Howard & Associates ---'
-23-
brecciation and shearing, noted in the Candella logs (and resulting in appreciable lost core in hole no. 2) are good indications in this regard, particularly in juxtaposition with porphyry intrusive and iron formation. It is also interesting to note the structural disruption (warping) within the greenstones surrounding both the Elbow Lake Stock near Tashota and the Gzowski Lake Stock at Redmond Station. Disruptions such as this may have also allowed for suitable host structures to develop within the greenstones.
There are several types of chemical alteration commonly associated with gold deposits, and which may also be seen in the Crescent Lake Property area, the most characteristic alteration types include carbonatization, silicification, alkali metasomatism and sulphidization (Colvine et. al., 1984). Carbonatization is the most widespread in effect, and was noted by Amukun on his map at several locations bpth in and around the Crescent Lake Property. With increasing proximity to gold mineralization the dominant carbonate species changes from calcite to dolomite, and this should be kept in mind while investigating the property. Silicification is usually more directly associated with gold minerali zation, deposits such as those in Bousquet and Casa Berardi Townships in Quebec (Doyon and Golden Pond), Hemlo, and Cameron Lake being good examples. The documentaton of very siliceous, sheared, pyritiferous rocks in the Candella drill logs is quite encouraging in this respect, as is the note made by Amukun on his, map of silification on the southwest shore of Crescent Lake. At the deposits previously mentioned, siliceous rocks which probably represent intensely altered greenstones, were originally considered to be silica-rich clastic and chemical sedi ments (and still are by some), and as a result it will be extremely important to take a very close look at the so-called sediments in the Crescent Lake area with this in mind.
Sulphidization is also a common type of alteration associated with gold deposits, pyrite and pyrrhotite being the main sulphide species found in Archean gold deposits, there being 8396 correlation between pyrite and gold in the Abitibi greenstone belt. As further stated by Colvine et. al. (1984), "in many ways sulphides are the orebody, within which the gold is unevenly distributed". The fact that pyrite is reported to have replaced magnetite at Crescent Lake as previously
- 23 -
brecciation and shearing, noted in'· the Candella logs (an~ resulting in appreciable
lost core in hole no. 2) are good indications in this regard, particularly in " '. '1"
juxtaposition with porphyry intrusive and iron formation. It Is also Interesting to
note the structural disruption (warping) within the greenstones surro~ding both ;the
Elbow Lake Stock near Tashota and the Ozowski Lake, Stock at Redmond Station. 't- :
Disruptions such as this may have also allowed for suitable host structures to develop within the greenstones.
., There are several types of chemical alteration commonly associated with' gold deposits, and Which may also be seen in the Crescent Lake Property Jl'ea~ The
most characteristic alteration types include carbonatlzatlon, silicification, alkali
metasomatism and sulphidization (Colvine eta al., 1984). Carbomitization Is the most widespread. in effect, and was noted 'by Amukun on his map· at several locations b,oth in .and aro'l:1nd the Crescent Lake Property. With Increasing
proximity to gold mineralization the dominant carbonate species changes from calcite to dolomite, and this should be kept in mind whUe investigating the property. Silicification is usually more directly associated with gold minerali
zation, deposits such as those in Bousquet and Casa Berardi Townships in Quebec (Doyon and Golden Pond), Hemlo~ and Cameron Lake being good examples. The
documentaton of very siliceous, sheared, pyrltiferous rocks in th,e Candella dril:l
logs is quite encouraging in this respect, as is the note made by Amukun on his, map of silification on the southwest shore of Crescent Lake. At the C ·deposits previously mentioned, siliceous rocks which probably represent intensely altered greenstones, were originally considered to be silica-rich clastic and 'chemical sedi
ments (and still are by some), and as a result it will be extremely i~portant to take a very close look at the so-called sediments in the Crescent Lake area with this in mind.
SUlphidization is also a common type of alteration associated with gold deposits, pyrite and pyrrhotite being the main sulphide species found In Archean gold
depOSits, there being 8396 correlation between pyrite and gold In the Abitibi greenstone belt. As ·further stated by ColVine eta ala (1984), "In many ways
sulphides!!!:! the orebody, within which the gold·~ unevenly distributed". The fact that pyrite is reported to have replaced magnetite at Crescent Lake as previously
~--------------------Avrom Howard & Associates--....
-24-
mentioned, is even more encouraging because this indicates that reducing fluids were active in the area, chemical reduction being an essential reaction for the deposition of gold. Finally, alkali metasomatism is commonly associated with various lithologies in gold deposits and intrusive bodies within and proximal to them. This type of alteration (and hematization) has been documented in the syenites at Kirkland Lake and the granodiorite at Red Lake. It is also documented in the Gzowski Lake Stock by Amukun in his report where he stated; "A peculiar 'f ragmental-like' texture caused by pink staining believed to be the result of potash metasomatism along joint sets is well displayed on the southwestern shore of Gzowski Lake".
It is interesting to note that the significance of many of these features were perhaps not fully appreciated by original workers in the area but were succinctly summarized by Gledhill in 1925 nonetheless. In his recommendations to prospectors he stated:
"In the Tashota-Onaman area, the favourable geological structure (for gold) lies in shear zones which are found in the greenstone near the granite-greenstone contact and generally about three-quarters of a mile back from the contact. The shear zones or breaks are recognized (1) by the high degree of schisting in the greenstone which often results in a gnarled or corrugated schist; (2) by veins in the schist; (3) by the rustyrweathering of the schist resulting usually from oxidized pyrite and other sulphide minerals."
- 24-
mentioned, is even more encouraging because this indicates that reducing fluids
were active in the area, chemical reduction being an essential reaction for the deposition of gold. Finally, alkali metasomatism is commonly associated with
various lithologies in gold deposits and intrusive bodies within and proximal to them. This type of alteration (and hematization) has been documented in the
syenites at Kirkland Lake and the granodiorite at Red Lake. It is also documented in the Gzowski Lake Stock by Amukun in his report where he stated; "A peculiar
'fragmental-like' texture caused by pink staining believed'to' be the result of potash metasomatism along jOint sets is well displayed on the southwestern shore of Gzowski Lake".
It is interesting to note that the significance of many of these features were perhaps not fully appreciated by original workers in the area but were succinctly summarized by Gledhill in 1925 nonetheless. In his recommendations to prospectors he stated:
"In the Tashota-Onaman area, the favourable geological structure (for gold) lies in shear zones which are found in the greenstone near
the granite-greenstone contact and generally about three-quarters of a mile back from the contact. The shear zones or breaks are recognized (1) by the high degree of schisting in the greenstone
which often results in a gnarled or corrugated schist; (2) by veins in the schist; (3) by the rusty,,:,weathering of the schist resulting usually
from oxidized pyrite and other sulphide minerals."
L..-____________________ Avrom Howard & Associates __ ...J
GREENS
•O',., , V\ ——" ——-
1 PAUL-PIC DEPOSIT (Canamax) 2 ADAIR DEPOSIT (Teck) 3 WASCANNA DEPOSIT (Teck) 4 TASHOTA-NIPIGON MINE (Lynx) 5 LAKE OSU MINE (Consolidated
Louanna) PROPERTY
A Gold Showing/Prospect
TASHOTA AREA District of Nipigon, Ontario
EfOlOEICXl CONSOLTiUII
LEGEND
1 PAUL-PIC DEPOSIT (Canamax) 2 ADAIR DEPOSIT (Teck) * 3 IIASCANNA DEPOSIT (Teck) 4 TASHOTA-NIPIGON MINE (Lynx) 5 LAKE OSU MINE (Consolidated
Louanna)
'" Gold Showing/Prospect •

geol surv rpt - ontario

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