Submitted To: Dr : Shahzada Qaisar Submitted By : Ayesha Khalid (06) Zara Karamat (32) Shaheen Zafar (27) Rabiya Pervaiz (25) Programme : M.A Education (L&M) 2nd Semester (2014-16) DIVISION OF EDUCATION

Gender Education in New Millennium

“The most valuable of all capital is that which is invested in human beings.”

— Alfred Marshall, 1890

What are the Millennium Development Goals? (MDGs)

September 2000: World Leader came together at United Nations Headquarters in New York to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration and committed their nations to a new global partnership to promote development through a series of time-bounded goals with a deadline of 2015.

In total, 8 goals were established, which have

become known as the Millennium Development Goals. (MDGs)

Empirical Evidence

Education should be a profitable investment for the individual.

Moreover, the social benefits associated with schooling, particularly women’s schooling,

suggest that primary schooling investment is a priority.

Why Gender Equality???

Gender (Women schooling) education is not just a women’s issue, it is a development issue.Women’s economic empowerment is essential

for economic development, growth, and poverty reduction not only because of the

income it generates, but also because it helps to break the vicious cycle of poverty.

Need to Educating Girls/Women

Educating girls and women is critical to Economic Development.

Research conducted in a variety of countries and regions has established that educating girls is one of

the most cost-effective ways of accelerating development.

Female education creates powerful poverty-reducing tool and yields enormous intergenerational gains. It is positively correlated with increased economic

productivity, more robust labor markets, higher earnings, and improved societal health and well-

being.

Good Source of Human Capital

For developing countries in particular, women represent a good source of human capital, and

countries that have adopted aggressive policies to promote gender equality in education reap higher

social and economic benefits.

Greater investment in girls’ education is vital for increasing female participation and productivity

in the labor market, especially in non-agricultural wage employment.

Greater productivity means higher economic growth and more effective reduction of poverty.

Good Rate of Return

Whether self-employed or earning wages, working women help their

households to escape poverty.

When women have more schooling, the returns flow not only to themselves, but

to the next generation as well.

Good Development Rate

Indeed, studies have shown that giving women more access to education,

markets (labor, land, credit), and new technology, give out greater control over household resources, and greater well-

being for the household.

Conts.

When women have greater control over resources in the family, they are more

likely to allocate more resources to food, children’s health care, and education.

Simply put, limiting women’s economic options is a missed opportunity; it wastes

resources and it slows progress on poverty reduction which is a major issue

in the Asian region.

Impact of an educated mother Educated women are more likely to send their

daughters to school. Countries with higher levels of female

secondary-school enrollment have lower infant mortality rates, better family planning,

lower rates of illness, and better child nutrition.

More education reduces the rate of violence against women, enables them to leave abusive

relationships, and empowers them to reject adverse cultural practices, such as female

karo kari, vani, swara etc .

Non-commercial and External Benefits of Education

Benefit type FindingsChild education Parental schooling affects child’s schooling

level and achievement.Child health Child’s health is positively related to parental

education.Women’s health Good education increases quality of life .

Spouse’s health spouse’s health and environment directly benefits by an educated wife.

Job search efficiency An educated woman is highly competent.Desired family size Education of a mother improves contraceptive

efficiency.Social cohesion Quality of Schooling improves personality to affect social

interaction.

Recommendations

In the Area of policy decision-making, the following measures are advisable:

• Involving Institutions of civil Society, especially Women-led NGOs, that support the Education of Girls and Women

• Working to Create Stronger links between Education, Gender objectives, and Health in Global Policies, proposed in the MDGs

• Providing more funding and trained staff for the Women's offices now established in the national government machinery of most countries

Practical Measures

• Providing recurrent Gender training to Teachers, Administrators, and Policy-makers.

• Creating safe school enviroments to protect children, girls and young from sexual harassment by adults and peers, both in school and university settings.

• Offering increased and sustained training to Parents and Communities on Gender isssues, including the importance of Girls' and Women's Education.

Cont....

• Providing accelerated programs for girls who have been out of school for several years.

References

Tembon,M. and Fort,L.“Girls’ Education in the 21st Century: Gender Equality,

Empowerment, and Economic Growth” Washington DC.

Any question???

Thank you Thank you