STANDARD 2. Cell Biology Central Concepts: Cells have specific structures and functions that make them distinctive. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).

STANDARD 2. Cell Biology Central Concepts: Cells have specific structures and functions that make them distinctive. Processes in a cell can be classified broadly as growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).

2.1 (continued)Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).

Maintains shape and organization of the cell

Site of protein synthesis

Transports proteins through the cell

Contain enzymes to break down waste in the cell

Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP molecules

Stores genetic information (DNA) and controls functions of cell

Modifies and packages proteins

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Gel-like substance that fills a cell

Stores water and nutrients

Maintains shape of the cell

Absorbs energy from sunlight and uses it to make sugars

This is a ___________________ cell because it has…

Maintains shape and organization of the cell

Site of protein synthesis

Transports proteins through the cell

Contain enzymes to break down waste in the cell

Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP molecules

Stores genetic information (DNA) and controls functions of cell

Modifies and packages proteins

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Gel-like substance that fills a cell

Stores water and nutrients

Absorbs energy from sunlight and uses it to make sugars

This is a ___________________ cell because it has…

(ANIMAL or PLANT)This is an ___________________ cell.

(ANIMAL or PLANT)This is an ___________________ cell.

Maintains shape of the cell

WORD BANK: does not, does, energy, water, high, low, proteins, ATP, phospholipid, selectively

The cell membrane is made of a _______________________ bilayer. The cell membrane is semipermeable or __________________ permeable, which means some molecules but NOT ALL molecules can pass through.

Passive transport ______________ require __________________.1. Diffusion: molecules move from ________ to _________ concentration 2. Osmosis: ___________ molecules move from ______ to _______ conc.3. Facilitated diffusion: movement of molecules from _______ to ______ concentration with help from ______________ in the cell membrane

Active transport ___________ require ______________, in the form of ________.

2.2 Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, the general structures and degrees of complexity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

PROKARYOTE

EUKARYOTE

Examples: Examples:

Has a nucleus?YES or NO

Has a nucleus?YES or NO

Has organelles?YES or NO

Has organelles?YES or NO

Contains DNA?YES or NO

Contains DNA? YES or NO

2.1 (continued)Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).WORD BANK: does not, does, energy, water, high, low, proteins, ATP, phospholipid, selectively

The cell membrane is made of a _______________________ bilayer. The cell membrane is semipermeable or __________________ permeable, which means some molecules but NOT ALL molecules can pass through.

Passive transport ______________ require __________________.1. Diffusion: molecules move from ________ to _________ concentration 2. Osmosis: ___________ molecules move from ______ to _______ conc.3. Facilitated diffusion: movement of molecules from _______ to ______ concentration with help from ______________ in the cell membrane

Active transport ___________ require ______________, in the form of ________.

2.2 Compare and contrast, at the cellular level, the general structures and degrees of complexity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

2.4 Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: produces energy in PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

___________ + ___________ _____________ + ____________ + ___________

Main idea: Turn ____________ into ___________.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: produces energy in PLANTS ONLY.

__________ + ___________ + _____________ ____________ + ___________

Main idea: Turn ___________________ into ___________.

WORD BANK: chloroplast, mitochondria, oxygen, carbon dioxideCellular respiration occurs in the ___________________ of a cell. This process takes _______________ out of the air and adds ________________________to the atmosphere (air).Photosynthesis occurs in the ___________________ of a plant cell. This process takes _______________ out of the air and adds ________________________to the atmosphere (air).

2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.Common MCAS Answers

If the question is about energy/ATP/mitochondria, choose the answer… Energy ATP stores and releases energy Mitochondria Photosynthesis/cellular respiration

2.6 Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. PMATC

1.__________ 2.___________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5.____________

2.4 Identify the reactants, products, and basic purposes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: produces energy in PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

___________ + ___________ _____________ + ____________ + ___________

Main idea: Turn ____________ into ___________.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: produces energy in PLANTS ONLY.

__________ + ___________ + _____________ ____________ + ___________

Main idea: Turn ___________________ into ___________.

WORD BANK: chloroplast, mitochondria, oxygen, carbon dioxideCellular respiration occurs in the ___________________ of a cell. This process takes _______________ out of the air and adds ________________________to the atmosphere (air).Photosynthesis occurs in the ___________________ of a plant cell. This process takes _______________ out of the air and adds ________________________to the atmosphere (air).

2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism.

2.6 Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. PMATC

PROKARYOTE

EUKARYOTE

Examples: Examples:

Has a nucleus?YES or NO

Has a nucleus?YES or NO

Has organelles?YES or NO

Has organelles?YES or NO

Contains DNA?YES or NO

Contains DNA? YES or NO

Common MCAS AnswersIf the question is about energy/ATP/mitochondria, choose the answer…

Energy ATP stores and releases energy Mitochondria Photosynthesis/cellular respiration

1.__________ 2.___________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5.____________WORD BANK: same, preserved, does, does not, change, two, four, identical, different, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction.The end result of mitosis is _______ _______________ daughter cells. Through this process of cell division (mitosis), the number of chromosomes is________________, which means the number of chromosomes ______________ ____________. It is the __________ in the beginning and in the end. Mitosis is also used in _____________ ___________________ where there is only one parent and the offspring are clones.

Draw a line to match each stage of the cell cycle.

G1(Gap 1) Cell grows again to prepare for divisionS(Synthesis) Cell grows and duplicates organellesG2(Gap 2) The cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical cellsM(Mitosis) DNA is replicated

2.7 Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells. Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction.

WORD BANK: sperm, egg, sexual reproduction, zygote, asexual reproduction, crossing over

Meiosis is used in ___________ ___________________, where there are two parents and the offspring are genetically different. The male gametes (sex cells), called ____________, and the female gametes, called ________, unite during fertilization to form a ___________, which develops into a baby.Sexual reproduction can produces

genetically different individuals because of _______________________, the process where chromosomes physically overlap and exchange genes during meiosis.

2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell.

**A virus IS NOT living. Viruses CANNOT reproduce independently like cells in mitosis. They need to infect a HOST ORGANISM/CELL and use it to reproduce.**

WORD BANK: same, preserved, does, does not, change, two, four, identical, different, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction.The end result of mitosis is _______ _______________ daughter cells. Through this process of cell division (mitosis), the number of chromosomes is________________, which means the number of chromosomes ______________ ____________. It is the __________ in the beginning and in the end. Mitosis is also used in _____________ ___________________ where there is only one parent and the offspring are clones.

Draw a line to match each stage of the cell cycle.

G1(Gap 1) Cell grows again to prepare for divisionS(Synthesis) Cell grows and duplicates organellesG2(Gap 2) The cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical cellsM(Mitosis) DNA is replicated

2.7 Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells. Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction.

WORD BANK: sperm, egg, sexual reproduction, zygote, asexual reproduction, crossing over

Meiosis is used in ___________ ___________________, where there are two parents and the offspring are genetically different. The male gametes (sex cells), called ____________, and the female gametes, called ________, unite during fertilization to form a ___________, which develops into a baby.Sexual reproduction can produces

genetically different individuals because of _______________________, the process where chromosomes physically overlap and exchange genes during meiosis.

2.8 Compare and contrast a virus and a cell.

MITOSIS MEIOSISProduces 2 genetically identical cells Produces ______ genetically

___________________ cellsProduces diploid cells (two sets of each chromosome)

Produces ______________ cells(one set of each chromosome)

Used in asexual reproduction Used in ________________ repro.

MITOSIS MEIOSISProduces 2 genetically identical cells Produces ______ genetically

___________________ cellsProduces diploid cells (two of each chromosome)

Produces ______________ cells(one set of each chromosome)

Used in asexual reproduction Used in ________________ repro.

**A virus IS NOT living. Viruses CANNOT reproduce independently like cells in mitosis. They need to infect a HOST ORGANISM/CELL and use it to reproduce.**