gallery guide final revision jbeditpublichealth.lacounty.gov/...get healthy la! february 24, 2010...

Get Active, Get Healthy LA!

February 24, 2010

[Revised May 2010]

Davidson Conference Center University of Southern California

Sponsored by: The Los Angeles Collaborative for Healthy Active Children in

collaboration with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation

The Gallery Guide is sponsored by Anthem Blue Cross.

Gallery Guide

Los Angeles County Overview Page 1

Geography & Diversity Service Planning Areas Los Angeles County Demographics

● Age Distribution ● Race/Ethnicity by SPA ● Adult Education Level by SPA ● Percent of Population with Household Incomes <100% Federal Poverty Level (FPL) by SPA

Physical Activity in Los Angeles County Page 5

Adults ● Prevalence of Physical Activity for Adults (18+ years old), 2002-2007 ● Percent of Adults (18+ years old) that are Physically Active (Meet Guidelines) by Race/Ethnicity ● Percent of Adults (18+ years old) that are Physically Active (Meet Guidelines) by FPL

Children ● Percent of Children (6-17 years old) that Participate in Physical Activity per Week ● Percent of Children (6-17 years old) that Meet Physical Activity Guidelines (1+ hour(s)/day,

5+ days/wk) by Race/Ethnicity

Table of Contents

All of the data presented in the Gallery Guide is from the Los Angeles County Health Survey, unless otherwise noted.

Built Environment Page 9

● Park Area and Population Living in Poverty by Health District ● Percent of Adults Who Believe Their Neighborhood is Safe from Crime by SPA ● Percent of Adults Who Report There are Safe Places to be Physically Active in Their

Neighborhood, by SPA ● Percent of Parents Who Reported Their Child (1-17 years old) Can Easily Get to a Park,

Playground, or Other Safe Place to Play, by SPA ● Percent of Parents Who Rated Their Community as a Pleasant Place for Their Child (0-17 years

old) to be Physically Active, by SPA ● Mode of Transportation Adults (18+ years old) Reported Using When Running Errands Within One

Mile from Home ● Mode of Transportation Employed Adults Reported Using When Traveling from Home to Work ● Average Number of Miles & Average Length of Commute (in minutes) Among Employed Adults

Who Reported Driving Alone to Work ● Distribution of Miles from Home to Work Among Employed Adults Who Drive Alone to Work

Impact of Inactivity and Poor Diet Page 15

● Percent of Adults Who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables a Day, by SPA ● Percent of Adults and Children Who Eat Fast Food At Least Once a Week, by SPA ● Percent of Adults and Children Who Drink at Least One Soda or Sweetened Beverage a Day, by

SPA ● Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults in Los Angeles County, 1997 and 2007 ● Actual Causes of Death per Year in U.S. ● Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors and Risk of Future Nursing Home Admissions ● Activity Level and Health Claims

All of the data presented in the Gallery Guide is from the Los Angeles County Health Survey, unless otherwise noted.

1

Los Angeles County Overview Geography and Diversity Los Angeles County (LAC) is the largest county in the nation with an estimated 10.4 million residents1 and covering 4,000 square miles. LAC has 88 incorporated cities as well as communities and unincorporated areas throughout the county, and 80 school districts. Los Angeles County’s population is also one of the most racially and ethnically diverse in the nation: 47.2% Latino, 30.1% white, 13.3% Asian/Pacific Islander, 9.1% African American, and 0.3% American Indian.1 Because LAC is so large, for health care delivery and health planning purposes, the County is divided into 8 geographic Service Planning Area’s or “SPAs.” SPA 1 (Antelope Valley), often referred to as the “high desert”, is the least densely populated, contains the most land area, and borders Ventura and San Bernardino Counties. In contrast, SPA 4 (Metro) and SPA 6 (South) are the most densely populated urban areas and are centrally located. Increasing in population density are the coastal areas located in SPA 5 (West) and SPA 8 (South Bay). Three rapidly developing suburban areas are SPA 2 (San Fernando) with Ventura County to the west, SPA 3 (San Gabriel) with San Bernardino County to the east, and SPA 7 (East) an industrial area that borders Orange County. The data in this report (unless otherwise noted) is from the Los Angeles County Health Survey (LACHS) conducted by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. The LACHS is a random digit dial telephone survey of Los Angeles County adults and parents/guardians of children residing in LAC. The survey collects self-reported data on a range of topics including health conditions, insurance and access to health care, and health behaviors. For more information, go to www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha.

1 July 1,2006 Population and Poverty Estimates, prepared by Walter R. McDonald & Assoc. Inc. (WRMA) for Urban Research, LA County CAO, released 5/18/2007

3

Los Angeles County Demographics Age Distribution

9.0%

18.3%

32.3% 30.2%

10.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

0-5 6-17 18-39 40-64 65+

Age Group (Years)

Perc

ent

Source: July 1,2006 Population and Poverty Estimates, prepared by Walter R. McDonald & Assoc. Inc. (WRMA) for Urban Research, LA County CAO, released 5/18/2007

Los Angeles County DemographicsRace/Ethnicity by Service Planning Area (SPA)

9% 13%3% 5% 6% 7%

32%

3%15%

13% 4%10%

24% 17% 13%

2%

9%

15%

47%

34% 39%

46% 57%

17%

64%

71% 38%

30%48% 47%

25%

63%

18%32%

2%21%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

LACount y

S P A 1 -Ant e lope

Val ley

S P A 2 -S an

Fer nando

S PA 3 -S an

Gabr ie l

S P A 4 -Met r o

S P A 5 -West

SP A 6 -S out h

S P A 7 -East

SP A 8 -S out hBay

Service Planning Area (SPA)

Perc

ent

White

Latino

Asian/PacificIslander

AfricanAmerican


4

Los Angeles County DemographicsAdult Education Level by SPA, 2007

22% 17% 15% 20%30%

5%

39%30%

19%

19% 26%17%

21%14%

10%

23%25%

17%

24%38%

25%24% 19%

17%

28%25%

26%

35%20%

43%35%

67%

9%21%

37%37%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

LA County SPA 1 -AntelopeValley

SPA 2 -San

Fernando

SPA 3 -San

Gabriel

SPA 4 -Metro

SPA 5 -West

SPA 6 -South

SPA 7 -East

SPA 8 -South Bay


Perc

ent

College/PostGraduate

SomeCollege

High School

Less thanHigh School

Los Angeles County DemographicsPercent of Population with Household Incomes <100% Federal

Poverty Level (FPL) by SPA

16.0%18.0%

12.0% 12.4%

23.8%

10.3%

28.3%

14.0% 14.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

LA County SPA 1 -Antelope

Valley

SPA 2 - San

Fernando

SPA 3 - San Gabriel

SPA 4 -Metro

SPA 5 -West

SPA 6 -South

SPA 7 - East

SPA 8 -South Bay


Perc

ent


5

Physical Activity in Los Angeles County Who is Active? Physical Activity (PA) is proven to improve health for all ages by reducing the risk of developing or dying from conditions such as cardiovascular disease; diabetes; hypertension; osteoporosis; arthritis; and breast, colon, and prostate cancer.2 PA enhances psychological well-being, promotes weight loss and prevention of weight gain by balancing energy intake with energy output, and may reduce depression and anxiety. Therefore, public health agencies must find ways to increase population PA levels, especially during the current obesity epidemic. Adults: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults (ages 18+ years) obtain at least 20 minutes of vigorous activity on at least 3 days a week or at least 30 minutes of moderate activity at least 5 days a week. In LAC, adults have reported an increase in meeting these criteria from 48.0% in 2002 to 53.2% in 2007. Despite this increase, in 2007, over one-third (36.2%) of adults still reported being minimally active or completely inactive. In 2007, a higher percentage of men than women in all age groups reported meeting the recommended amount of physical activity. A higher percent of whites (56.9%) reported meeting the recommended amount of physical activity followed by African Americans (54.2%), Latinos (53.1%), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (41.4%) Children: The CDC recommends that children and adolescents should achieve 60 minutes (1 hour) or more of physical activity each day. The LACHS asked parents/guardians of children ages 6-17 years about their child's routine physical activity; only over one-third (37.6%) of children obtained at least 60 minutes of exercise on 5 or more days a week. According to their parents, more boys (ages 6-17 years) (43.7%) participated in physical activity for at least one hour a day on 5 or more days a week than girls (31.3%).

2 US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000

6

Prevalence of Physical Activity for Adults (18+ years old), 2002-2007

48.0%

10.1%

41.8%

10.6%

37.5%

10.7%

51.8%

36.2%

53.2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Active (MeetsGuidelines)

Some Activity (Does NotMeet Guidelines)

Minimal to No Activity(Sedentary)

Perc

ent

200220052007

Percent of Adults (18+ years old) that are Physically Active (Meet Guidelines) by

Gender and Age Group, 2007

57.9 %

6 8 .7%

6 3 .0 % 6 1.1%57.6 %

50 .4 %53 .2 %

4 7.6 %

3 3 .3 %

4 8 .7%

6 0 .6 %

53 .0 % 53 .8 %4 9 .9 %

4 7.5%4 2 .9 %

0%

25%

50%

75%

LAC 18-24 25-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-64 65+Age Group (Years)

Perc

ent

Males Females

7


FPL, 2007

46.3%48.7%

53.4%

59.8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

0-99% FPL 100-199%FPL

200-299%FPL

300% orAbove FPL

Federal Poverty Level (FPL)

Perc

ent


Race/Ethnicity, 2007

53.1%56.9% 54.2%

41.4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Latino White AfricanAmerican


Race/Ethnicity

Perc

ent

8

Percent of Children (6-17 years old) that Meet Physical Activity Guidelines (1+ hour(s)/day,

5+ days/wk) by Race/Ethnicity, 2007

37.9% 38.0%

45.9%

24.6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Latino White AfricanAmerican


Race/Ethnicity

Perc

ent

Percent of Children (6-17 years old) that Participate in Physical Activity, 2007

37.6%

47.2%

15.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1+ Hr(s)/day & 5+Days/week

<1 Hr/day &/or<5 Days/week

Does NotParticipate

Physical Activity Participation Level

Perc

ent

9

Built Environment What is the Built Environment? The built environment is defined as all of the buildings, roads, utilities, homes, fixtures, parks and all other man-made entities that form the physical characteristics of a community.3 It is important to look at the effects of the built environment on our health and our lifestyles. Different elements of the built environment contribute to obesity via access to food and physical activity opportunities.

How does the built environment affect physical activity? More than two-thirds of Los Angeles County’s children do not live within walking distance of a park or playground. Instead of grassy parks, baseball diamonds, and soccer fields, these children play in streets, alleyways, and vacant lots.4 While most (82.1%) LAC adults reported they feel their neighborhood is safe from crime, disparities throughout the County exist as only 57.0% of adults in SPA 6 reported they feel their neighborhood is safe from crime. A majority of adults (85.8%) reported there are safe places to be physically active in their neighborhood, and 79.8% of parents of children 1-17 years reported their child can easily get to a park, playground, or other safe place to play. Additionally, 83.4% of parents of children 0-17 years rated their community as a pleasant place for their child to be physically active. The consequences of urban sprawl are evident in the traveling and commuting behaviors of LAC residents. Adults are more likely to drive, than bike or walk, when commuting to work or when running errands. The average commute for employed adults living in LAC is 27.1 minutes. Time spent at work and commuting may detract from opportunities to engage in regular physical activity.

3 Sallis JF, Kraft K, Linton LS. How the environment shapes physical activity: a transdisciplinary research agenda. Am J Prev Med. 2002;22:208–211 4 No Place to Play: A Comparative Analysis of Park Access in Seven Major Cities. A Research Report by The Trust for Public Land. 2004. Available at: http://www.tpl.org/content_documents/no_place_to_play.pdf

Image: The Trust for Public Land

11

Percent of Adults Who Report There are Safe Places to be Physically Active in Their

Neighborhood, by SPA, 2007

85.8%

80.0%

91.4%89.3%

79.5%

92.2%

76.0%

86.4%82.5%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Valley

SPA 2 - San

Fernando

SPA 3 - San Gabriel

SPA 4 -Metro

SPA 5 -West

SPA 6 -South

SPA 7 - East

SPA 8 -South Bay


Perc

ent

Percent of Adults Who Believe Their Neighborhood is Safe from Crime by

SPA, 2007

82.1%86.7% 88.7% 87.6%

75.2%

90.6%

57.0%

82.4% 81.8%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Valley

SPA 2 -San

Fernando

SPA 3 -San

Gabriel

SPA 4 -Metro

SPA 5 -W est

SPA 6 -South

SPA 7 -East

SPA 8 -South Bay


Perc

ent

12

Percent of Parents Who Reported Their Child (1-17 years old) Can Easily Get to a Park, Playground, or Other Safe Place to

Play, by SPA, 2007

79.8% 80.3%83.9% 85.3%

69.7%

87.5%

62.6%

85.0% 83.1%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


SPA 2 - San

Fernando

SPA 3 - San

Gabriel

SPA 4 -Metro

SPA 5 -West

SPA 6 -South

SPA 7 - East

SPA 8 -South Bay


Perc

ent

Percent of Parents who Rated Their Community as a Pleasant Place for Their

Child (0-17 years old) to be Physically Active, by SPA, 2007

83.4% 84.3%87.9% 88.3%

75.4%

90.0%

68.3%

85.7% 86.4%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


SPA 2 -San

Fernando

SPA 3 -San

Gabriel

SPA 4 -Metro

SPA 5 -West

SPA 6 -South

SPA 7 -East

SPA 8 -South Bay


Perc

ent

13

Mode of Transportation Adults (18+ years old) Reported Using When Running Errands Within

One Mile from Home, 2007

11.5%

0.9%

4.5%

5.0%

2.5%

24.3%

51.3%

0% 20% 40% 60%

No Errands <1 Mile

Other Mode

Get a Ride

Bus/Metro

Bike

Walk

Drive

Percent

Mode of Transportation Employed Adults Reported Using When Traveling from Home to

Work , 2007

0.6%

1.0%

0.4%

3.2%

1.4%

5.6%

11.1%

76.6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Other Modes

Bicycle

Motorcycle

Walking

Metro/Train

Bus

Carpool/Share Ride

Drive Alone

Percent

*The estimate is statistically unstable (relative standard error >23%)

*The estimate is statistically unstable (relative standard error >23%).

*

*

*

*

14

Average Number of Miles & Average Length of Commute (in minutes) Among Employed Adults

Who Reported Driving Alone to Work, 2007

5.6

15.7

25.9

38.1

52.9

81.4

71.7

60.456.5

42.1

31.3

16.7

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1-10Miles

11-20Miles

21-30Miles

31-45Miles

46-60Miles

61-150Miles

AverageMilesAverageMinutes

Distribution of Miles from Home to Work Among Employed Adults Who Drive Alone to Work, 2007

26.8% 11.0%

1.8%0.9%

4.5%

54.9%

<1-10 miles

11-20 miles

21-30 miles

31-45 miles

46-60 miles

61-150 miles

15

Inactivity and Poor Diet in Los Angeles County Studies show that engaging in regular physical activity and consuming a healthy diet that includes the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables is proven to reduce the risk of stroke, heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. What are Angelenos Eating? When the goal is to improve health for all ages by decreasing risk of chronic disease, strategies that incorporate both nutrition and physical activity provide a one-two punch. In addition, when physical activity levels increase, the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables an individual needs to consume for a healthy diet also increase. Therefore, public health agencies must find ways to improve nutrition, especially during the current obesity epidemic. Only 15.1% of adults in Los Angeles County (LAC) reported consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day—a marker for a healthy diet. Furthermore, 38.8% of adults and 43.3% of children consume one or more sodas or sugar-sweetened beverages a day. Obesity Obesity rates are rising in the county among adults (from 14.3% in 1997 to 22.2% in 2007), school-aged children (from 18.9% in 1999 to 23.0% in 2008 among 5th, 7th, and 9th grade public school students), 5 and younger children (from 16.7% in 2003 to 21.8% in 2008 among children 3-4 years of age receiving WIC services).6 In addition, marked disparities in obesity rates are seen across the county. For example, the obesity rate among school-aged children in 2005 ranged from a low of 4% in the affluent City of Manhattan Beach to a high of 34% in the predominantly low-income City of Bell Gardens, located less than 20 miles away.7 Mortality Physical inactivity is also closely related to the top ten leading causes of death and premature death in Los Angeles County; and is a top contributing cause of death in the nation. Economic Impact In a 2006 report by the California Center for Public Health Advocacy, the economic costs associated with overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in Los Angeles County totaled were extrapolated to over $11 billion.8 5 California Physical Fitness Testing Program, California Department of Education 6 PHFE WIC Data Mining Project, Los Angeles County WIC data 7 Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. Preventing Childhood Obesity: the need to create healthy places. A Cities and Communities Report. October 2007. 8 The Economic Costs of Overweight, Obesity, and Physical Inactivity Among California Adults—2006 (July 2009). The California Center for Public Health Advocacy.

16

Percent of Adults (18+ years old) Who Consume 5 or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables a Day by

SPA, 2007

15.1% 14.7%17.0%

13.5%15.3%

22.7%

12.7% 13.8% 13.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

LA Count y S P A 1 -Ant e l ope

Va l l e y

S P A 2 -S a n

Fe r na ndo

S P A 3 -S a n

Ga br i e l

S P A 4 -M e t r o

S P A 5 -We st

S P A 6 -S out h

S P A 7 -Ea st

S P A 8 -S out h Ba y


Perc

ent

Percent of Adults (18+ years old) and Children (0-17 years old) Who Eat Fast Food at Least Once a Week by SPA,

2007

47.7%49.4%

45.3%

49.9%

40.2%

51.8%53.7%

48.9%

42.0%

46.4%43.9%

28.3%

32.5%

39.5%41.1%

47.9%

40.2%

29.0%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

LAC ount y

SPA 1 -A nt elope

V alley

SPA 2 -San

Fernando

SPA 3 -San

Gabriel

SPA 4 -M et ro

SPA 5 -W est

SPA 6 -Sout h

SPA 7 -East

SPA 8 -Sout h B ay


Perc

ent

Adults Children

17

Percent of Adults (18+ years old) and Children (0-17 years old) Who Drink One or More Sodas

or Sweetened Drinks a Day by SPA, 2007

38.8%

50.2%

36.1% 37.0%34.4%

23.0%

30.7%

54.0%56.2%

42.6%

49.8%

55.4%

25.1%

43.1%

39.3%38.1%

43.7%43.3%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

LAC o unty

SP A 2 -San

F ernando

SP A 4 -M etro

SP A 6 -So uth

SP A 8 -So uthB ay


Perc

ent

Adults Children

20

Actual Causes of Death per Year in U.S.

435400

8555 43

0

100

200

300

400

Tobacco

Inactiv

ity/Poor D

iet

Alcohol

Toxic Substa

nces

Microbial

Agen

ts

Cause of Death

Dea

ths

Per Y

ear (

1,00

0's)

Source: JAMA March 10, 2004

Source: Valiyeva E et al. Arch Int Med 2006; 166:985

Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors and Risk of Future Nursing Home Admissions; 6462 Adults

3.25

1.141.351.351.401.56

0

1

2

3

4

Smoking Inactivity BMI (30+) High BP HighCholesterol

Diabetes

Risk Factor

Haz

ard

Rat

io (4

5-64

yea

rs

21

Activity Level and Health Claims (4 Year Study, n=8,000)

$5,783

$4,966

$4,240

0

2000

4000

6000

Active Low Activity Inactive

Activity Level

Ann

ual H

ealth

Cla

ims/

Yr ($

)

Source: Preventing Chronic Disease October 2005.

22

Physical Activity Promotion in Los Angeles County LA County Department of Public Health The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health protects health, prevents disease, and promotes the health and well-being for all persons in Los Angeles County. Our focus is on the population as a whole, and we conduct our activities through a network of public health professionals throughout the community. This means providing you and your family with protection from health threats such as food-borne illnesses, natural and man-made disasters, toxic exposures, and preventable injury. Public Health also works to prevent chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes and their risk factors: poor nutrition, inadequate physical activity, and tobacco use. Website: www.publichealth.lacounty.gov LA County Department of Parks and Recreation The Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation creates community through people, parks and programs. The Department provides the residents and visitors of Los Angeles County with quality recreational opportunities that promote a healthy lifestyle and strengthen the community through diverse physical, educational, and cultural programming, and enhances the community environment by acquiring, developing, and maintaining County Parks, gardens, golf courses, trails, and open space areas. Website: www.laparks.org Los Angeles Collaborative for Healthy Active Children The Los Angeles Collaborative for Healthy Active Children is a dynamic partnership of over 150 organizations in the Los Angeles area who are dedicated to improving the health of children and families in Los Angeles County. The Collaborative strives to promote healthy eating, physical activity and communities that promote healthy lifestyles. With quarterly meetings and various trainings throughout the year, the Collaborative brings together and mobilizes diverse interests including low-income consumers, government agencies, non-profit and charitable organizations, advocates, community leaders, businesses, social service offices, and others with expertise in nutrition and physical activity who work directly or indirectly with children and families in Los Angeles. Members of the Collaborative also coordinate, implement and evaluate countywide campaigns and initiatives that increase access to and availability of fruits and vegetables, safe physical activity and food security. Website: www.lacollaborative.org

Acknowledgements

Lauren Neel, MPH, CHES Coordinator, Los Angeles Collaborative for Healthy Active Children

Nutrition Program, LA County Department of Public Health

Paul Simon, MD, MPH Director, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention

LA County Department of Public Health

Tony Kuo, MD, MSHS Director, Office of Senior Health


Margaret Shih, MD, PhD Chief, Epidemiology Unit


Jerome Blake, MPH Research Analyst II

Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology LA County Department of Public Health

For more information about the Get Active, Get Healthy LA! Initiative

please visit our website:

http://championsforchange.lacounty.gov/

The Gallery Guide is sponsored by Anthem Blue Cross.

gallery guide final revision jbeditpublichealth.lacounty.gov/...get healthy la! february 24, 2010...

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