&g {!ª øb6 !± ê Ú ± b1. -~ Ç · 4 major components of diesel exhaust gaseous components...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
![Page 2: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
![Page 3: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Biofuels
Typical composition of biogas
Compound Chem %
Methane CH4 50-75
Carbon dioxide CO2 25-50
Nitrogen N2 0-10Hydrogen H2 0-1
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0-3
Oxygen O2 0-2
3) Biogas
2) BiodieselSaturated fat, monounsaturated. fat, polyunsaturated fat, trans fat and others
1) Bioethanol
Palmitic C16 44.3Oleic C18 38.7Linoleic C18 10.5Stearic C18 4.6Myristic C14 1.0Others 0.9
Fatty acid content of palm oil (%)
A gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen
![Page 4: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Major components of Diesel exhaustGaseous components (DE, ppm)
CO2 1769.2NOx 12.1NO 10.0NO2 2.0SO2 0.2
Particles (DEP, mg/m3)Carbon 0.70Organic carbon 0.13Ca 0.01Na 0.002Al 0.001K 0.001Mn 0.0005others 0.16
Tokyo Metropolitan area (1999)
![Page 5: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Atopic dermatitis
![Page 6: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
An adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune response.
Exhaust as an adjuvant
Diesel exhaust functions as an adjuvant
![Page 7: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
8.0 x 1011 L/y 2.6 x 1012 L/y
Gasoline 1.2 x 1012 L/y
![Page 8: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
![Page 9: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Ethanol
![Page 10: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
1,4- -( )
1,4- -( )
![Page 11: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
::
![Page 12: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Cellulose degradation mechanism
(CBHI and CBHII)
Glucose-glucosidase
![Page 13: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
![Page 14: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
10 20 3015 25 35Diffraction angle 2 ( )
(31% )
(9% )
(19% )
![Page 15: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
2007
![Page 16: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Time (h)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Etha
nol p
rodu
ctio
n(m
g/10
0 m
g xy
lem
)
6 12 24 48 6 12 24 48 6 12 24 48
Kaida et al. (2009) J. Wood Sci. DOI 10.1007/s10086-009-1038-0
![Page 17: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
g/cm3
![Page 18: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
1)2)3)
1)2)
![Page 19: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
1,4- -3 5 6 2
180
![Page 20: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
( )
![Page 21: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
2 1.2 1.2
![Page 22: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Fig. 1. Compositions of monosaccharides released by enzymic hydrolysis of transgenic xylem during the time course of the study. Wt, wild type; XEG, transgenic (xyloglucanase); XYL, transgenic (xylanase); CEL, transgenic (cellulase); GAL, transgenic (galactanase).
6 h 24 h 48 h
GlcGalManXylAraFucRha
10
20
30
40
50
Suga
r rel
ease
d (m
g/10
0 m
g xy
lem
)
0
Wt
XEG
XYL
CEL
GAL
Wt
XEG
XYL
CEL
GAL
Wt
XEG
XYL
CEL
GAL
![Page 24: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
(h)
0
5
10
15
20
(mg/
100
mg
)
6 12 24 48
![Page 25: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
![Page 26: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
c d e f
![Page 27: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Diffraction angle 2 ( )
Wt
XEG
XYL
GAL
CEL
10 20 3015 25 35
![Page 28: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
/ 2007 3 22
physical containment level 1 : P1 P4 P1
( )
/ 2011 4
![Page 30: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
![Page 31: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
![Page 32: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
![Page 33: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
•
• 2
•
•
![Page 34: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
•
•
•
![Page 35: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
•
• 2008-077110••
![Page 36: &g {!ª øB6 !± ê Ú ± B1. -~ Ç · 4 Major components of Diesel exhaust Gaseous components (DE, ppm) CO 2 1769.2 NOx 12.1 NO 10.0 NO 2 2.0 SO 2 0.2 Particles (DEP, mg/m3) Carbon](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022011915/5fce2d26d434b66c3e32c588/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36