future exploitation of jet including a dt campaign · l.d. horton 1 24 january 2013 future...

L.D. Horton 1 24 January 2013

Future Exploitation of JET including a DT Campaign

Johnny Lönnroth

EFDA Close Support Unit, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom

Association Euratom‐Tekes, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, 00076 Aalto, Finland

J. Lönnroth 2 27 May 2013

Outline

• Context of the JET campaigns• 2013 campaigns• Plans and framework for post‐2013 exploitation of JET• 2014 hydrogen campaign• 2017 DT campaign• Opportunities for Finnish scientists


• Phase 1: 2011-2012 Experimentation with an ITER-like Wall (deuterium operation) “Full Characterisation of the ITER-like Wall”

• Phase 2: 2013-2015 Develop plasma scenarios approaching-ITER-relevant conditions (deuterium operation): “Expansion of ITER Regimes of Operation”

• Phase 3: 2017 Integrated operation in deuterium-tritium:“Deuterium-Tritium Campaigns”

Context for the JET campaigns


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Launched Proposed

ConstructionITER

ILWJET

JT60SA

SDSD ILW

SD = Shut down

ILW

Under further discussion

Construction Commissioning and Joint experiments

Horizon 2020

EURATOM programme

SD 1 DT

Interleaved deuterium, full tritium, trace tritium and high neutron yield DT Campaigns

1 Exact duration to be quantified

ITER preparation with tritium plasmasDecision on Enhancement Projects

Two further JET enhancements have been studied:Electron Cyclotron Heating System (ECRH)Resonant Magnetic Perturbation (RMP) coils

Context for the JET campaigns (2)


Schedule of future exploitation of JET –Reference Scenario


2013 CampaignsC31• 8 July 2013 – 27 September 2013

C32• 30 September 2013 – 17 January 2014

Many opportunities for Tekes scientists• Manning being finalised.• Strong involvement of Tekes scientists, provisionally:

– 13 scientists from Tekes involved.– SC (Scientific Coordinator) for 3 Main Experiments (out of 46 in

total).– Deputy SC for 2 Main Experiments (out of 46 in total).– SC for 3 Backup Experiments (out of 23 in total).– SC for 1 high‐priority Task (out of 21 in total).– Strong involvement in modelling activities.

6


2013 Campaign headlines

7

1. Support for the ITER decision on the day‐one armour material– ITER proposes to begin with an all W divertor. Possibly also W on

the upper dump plates.– Topics: Divertor melt layer dynamics, transient heat load

characterisation, low-density start-up on W surface, Be erosion studies.

2. Assessment of ITER operating scenarios with the ITER‐like Wall– Integration of plasma scenarios in a Be/W environment – Mitigation and control of power loads– Establish scenarios closest to ITER dimensionless parameters

3. Physics studies essential for efficient exploitation of the ITER‐like Wall and ITER– Detachment control using fuelling and extrinsic impurities– Disruptions and runaway electron generation – Confinement, pedestal and ELM physics – Fuel retention and recovery– MHD and fast particle physics – High priority diagnostic issues for ITER


JET post‐2013 exploitationNew framework for the EU fusion programme• The structure and content of the fusion programme within the next European

Research Framework Programme (Horizon 2020) is being discussed.• The contracts of association are not to be continued after 2013.• EU funding will be via a Co‐Funded Action, in which all the EU fusion

laboratories form a Consortium. Details on this are not clear yet.

Reference scenario:• Full exploitation of the ITER‐like wall • 100% tritium and DT operation in 2017Alternative scenario:• Full exploitation of the ITER‐like wall • Shutdown in 2016 to install one or two major upgrades• Deuterium operation: mid‐2017 to mid‐2018 • 100% tritium and DT operation in 2019.


Experimental campaigns with the entire range of working gases (He, D, T, He, DT) for ITER. Programme headlines:• H‐mode confinement optimisation• Operation with reduced or suppressed ELMs• Avoidance and mitigation of disruptions and runaway electrons• Integration of MHD control into plasma scenarios• Control of core contamination and dilution from W plasma facing

components• Determine optimum particle throughput for reactor scenarios• Fast ion confinement, its power scaling and effect on current drive• Integrated scenarios with controllers• Qualification of Advanced Tokamak Scenarios

JET post‐2013 programme headlines


2014 Campaigns

10

C33: Hydrogen campaign • Duration ~ 1 month in early 2014, right after C32

Motivation for experiments with H plasmas:• ITER gives high priority to hydrogen and (helium) experiments as

preparation for its non‐active phase: Input on L‐H threshold, isotope exchange in metal wall…

• Isotope experiments are important for JET in preparation for D‐T (and T): Isotope scaling physics and related diagnosis (monitor isotope mixture in the plasma)

• JET ITER‐like Wall exploitation: learn about wall change‐over and retention issues in JET with an all‐metal wall

• Significant auxiliary heating of H plasmas now possible thanks toneutral beam upgrades: ~ 16 MW of NBI in H


The ITER Research Plan: less than 2 years from first deuterium operation to Q = 10 in DT by early 2028.

ITER-IO, 2012

Q=10

Rationale for DT experiments – The ITER Research Plan


Rationale for DT experiments – Mitigate ITER risks

Main ITER risks when going to DT operation and how JET can mitigate themOperation with various hydrogen isotopes and helium• Unforeseen influence of isotope mass (on pedestal, confinement…)• Integration of DT H-mode operation with Be/W• JET can test transfer of ITER scenarios: H D DT and T.

Tritium inventory control during operations• Wall conditioning techniques not validated for tritium• Uncertainty in the build up of the tritium inventory and tritium in dust.• JET can validate T removal techniques and keep track of T inventory.

Isotope (mixture) control in DT• Not known: Wall fuelling, impact of T removal techniques in ITER• JET can measure isotope composition (real-time) and carry out isotope

exchange experiments (H/T, D/T).

Operational experience with tritium• Prolonged time required to build up experience in operating with tritium: e.g.

safety procedures.• JET can build competence in DT operation, train staff and implement safety

procedures.


The operational overhead is similar for all the DT campaign options. 1.7x1021 budget: Full exploitation of JET for mitigating the risks for ITER.

transportFuelling & DT mix control

-particle effects

Isotopescaling

Retentionremoval

Physics

Use 14 MeV Fluence

14 MeV calibration

Tritium retention

Technology

50020Steady State

200240Hybrid

200820BaselineITERScenariosin DT*

5.0x10185.0x10192.5x10201.7x102114 MeV budget

Tracetritium

100% tritium only

DT phase~DTE1

Full DT phaseDT Campaign options

transportFuelling & DT mix control

-particle effects

Isotopescaling

Retentionremoval

Physics

Use 14 MeV Fluence

14 MeV calibration

Tritium retention

Technology

50020Steady State

200240Hybrid

200820BaselineITERScenariosin DT*

5.0x10185.0x10192.5x10201.7x102114 MeV budget

Tracetritium

100% tritium only

DT phase~DTE1

Full DT phaseDT Campaign options

*Number of high power (>25MW, 5s) pulses in DT (or 100% tritium) is indicated.

ITER risk mitigation

Maximum

Limited

No

Impact ofDT at JET

DT Campaign Options


Comparison of 1997 and 2017 DT campaigns


finalDD

Preparationshutdown 100% T

phaseDT

operationH

phase

Tritium removal

&Deuteriumreference

pulsesR

esta

rt (D

)

14MeV neutron budget: 1.7x1021

~2 years ~1 year

2017

1. Operation with hydrogen for ~ 2 months

2. Trace tritium, briefly

3. Operation with 100% tritium for ~ 2 months

4. Operation with DT for ~ 3 months (~ 100 high-power discharges)

5. Tritium removal and taking final references in deuterium, 2-3 months

Breakdown of DT campaign


Opportunities for Finnish scientists (1)

Successfully carrying out the DT campaign will require substantial contributions in key areas of expertise of the Finnish association

• Fast particle physics and evaluation of wall heat loads. ASCOT (based at Aalto University) is by far the most advanced tool in Europe for this, and the only tool available in‐house at JET. ASCOT Responsible Officer at JET traditionally on long‐term secondment from Tekes.



• Remote handling. Expertise in this area paramount for carrying out a tritium campaign The group in Tampere has developed state‐of‐the art technology and has a long‐standing tradition of collaborating with JET.



• Material migration, erosion/deposition and fuel retention. Key area of expertise for a DT campagin Lot of work done in Finland in this area, strong Tekes involvement in the JET program for many years:

Depth (m)

0 5 10 15 20

Inte

nsity

(s-1

)

100

101

102

103

104

105 DBe12C13CNi

13 26 5 4

Inner Wall Guard Limiter IWGL 3X11L (2005-2009)

SIMS

deposit

CFC

Optical microscopy

Currently Task Force Fusion Technology deputy leadership

• Analysis of tiles from JET• Modelling of Plasma‐Wall Interaction

(PWI) phenomena and chemical erosion



• Neutronics and diagnostics. Tekes involvement in the JET neutron calibration group. Long‐standing collaboration on neutral particle analyser (NPA).

• (Transport) Modelling. Tekes traditionally heavily involved in modelling activities. The edge group at Aalto University is strongly engaged in simulating the state of the SOL plasma and material migration in JET.

See other presentations at this seminar for more information on the various topics Tekes is involved in!


Final remarks

• There is a very strong case and there are detailed plans (including a DT campaign) to keep JET operating towards the end of the decade.

• ITER would benefit very significantly from JET further exploring operating scenarios with the ITER‐like Wall and, in particular, from a DT campaign at JET.

• A new framework for the European fusion program is being negotiated, meaning that there is still some uncertainty around how the collaboration will be structed.

• As an association, Tekes has a very good reputation at JET as a reliable partner that delivers. Whatever the new framework may turn out to be, it looks as if there will continue to be a strong demand for Finnish talent and know‐how, and plenty of opportunities for Finnish scientists.


Backup slides


Opportunities for Finnish scientistsSuccessfully carrying out the DT campaign will require substantial contributions in key areas of expertise of the Finnish association• Fast particle physics and evaluation of wall heat loads.

ASCOT (based at Aalto University) is by far the most advanced tool in Europe for this, and the only tool available in‐house at JET. ASCOT Responsible Officer at JET traditionally on long‐term secondment from Tekes.

• Remote handling. The group in Tampere has developed state‐of‐the art technology and has a long‐standing tradition of collaborating with JET.

• Material migration, erosion/deposition and fuel retention. Strong Tekes involvement for many years, including currently Task Force Fusion Technology deputy leadership.

• Neutronics and diagnostics. Tekes involvement in the JET neutron calibration group. Long‐standing collaboration on neutral particle analyser (NPA).

• (Transport) Modelling. Tekes traditionally heavily involved in modelling activities.

See other presentations at this seminar for more information on these topics!


Dump plate: deposition

Inner wall guard limiter:erosiondeposition

Divertor:depositon (inboard)erosion (outboard)

Outer poloidal limiter:erosion

Opportunities for Finnish scientists

future exploitation of jet including a dt campaign · l.d. horton 1 24 january 2013 future...

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