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Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market

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Page 1: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Overexploitation

Tokyo Tuna Market

Page 2: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Types of Overexploitation

• Commercial exploitation

• Subsistence exploitation

• Recreational exploitation

• Incidental exploitation

• Indirect exploitation

• Pet and garden market

Page 3: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Commercial exploitation• Potential market for wild products is enormous

• Given market, people will exploit wild species for financial gain

• Domestic substitutes for wild products are not identical in value

• Market price for wild products increases as product becomes rarer

• Wild resources are communal resources owned by no one or everyone

Page 4: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Morel Mushrooms for Sale

Page 5: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Coral harvested for jewelry

Page 6: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Rhinoceros exploitation

Page 7: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Rhino hornProducts – Dagger marketin Yemen

Page 8: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Rhino Horn in Traditional Medicine

Page 9: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Wild Blueberries

Page 10: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Wild Salmon

Page 11: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Egret plumes and feathered hat

Page 12: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Tragedy of the Commons

Page 13: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Japanese Whaling Ships

Page 14: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Subsistence exploitation

Page 15: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Subsistence Fishing

Page 16: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Ojibway wild rice harvesting

Page 17: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Recreational exploitation

Page 18: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Hunting as Recreation

Page 19: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Shell Collection

Page 20: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Gordon Alcorn

Page 21: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Photographic safari

Page 22: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Cheetah on Land Rover

Page 23: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Dive boat damage to coral reefs

Page 24: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Incidental exploitation

Page 25: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Trawling

Page 26: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle

Page 27: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Shrimp net with TED – turtle exclusion device

Page 28: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Indirect exploitation

Page 29: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Overgrazing

Page 30: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Domestic cats preying on small birds

Page 31: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Pet and Garden Market

Page 32: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Gray Parrots in Smuggler’s Crate

Page 33: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Tropical Fish for Aquarium Trade

Page 34: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Cactus Market

Page 35: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Saguaro Cactus

Page 36: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Consequences of Overexploitation

1. Population Effects

- Reduction in population size

- Age structure

- Sex ratio

- Genetic structure

2. Ecosystem Effects

Page 37: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Age Structure: A – fish in typical populationB – fish taken by fishing

Page 38: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Sex Ratios – The Fisher

Page 39: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Fisher Distribution

Page 40: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Genetic Structure – Coho Salmon

Page 41: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Genetic Structure – Coho Salmon

Page 42: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation
Page 43: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Ecosystem Structure – Loss of Large Trees

Page 44: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Giant Redwood

Page 45: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Redwood Forest in the Air

Page 46: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Planting Sequoias

Page 47: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Ecosystem Structure – Loss of Snags

Page 48: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Loss of Keystone Species - Sea Otter with Sea Urchin

Page 49: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation
Page 50: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Loss of Keystone Species - Glyptodont

Page 51: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Maclura pomifera – Osage Orange

Page 52: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Exotic Species

Page 53: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Mrs. Black Horse, Cheyenne Nation, and dog travois

Page 54: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation
Page 55: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

American Chestnut

Page 56: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Cracking From Chestnut Blight

Page 57: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Exotic Species

• Conservation biologists typically call introduced species “exotic species” - species which live outside their natural range

• Botanists typically refer to exotic plants as alien species

• Other terms you may see include biological invaders, introduced species, invasive species, non-indigenous species, non-native species (my preferred term)

Page 58: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

How Do Exotic Species Get Dispersed?

1. Stowaways

2. Subsistence and Commerce

3. Recreation

4. Whimsy or aesthetics

5. Science

6. Biological Control

Page 59: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Norway Rat as ship rat

Page 60: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Earthworms and pre-exotic distribution

Lumbricus terrestris

Page 61: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Cars transport seeds via mud stuck to car

Page 62: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Ballast Water Discharge

Page 63: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation
Page 64: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation
Page 65: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Commerce and Subsistence

Page 66: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Commerce and Subsistence

Page 67: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Monterey Pine

Page 68: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Blue Gum Eucalyptus

Page 69: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Feral Pig - Florida

Page 70: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Bighead Carp

Page 71: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Carp Jumping

Page 72: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Recreation - Brown Trout

Page 73: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Ring-necked Pheasant

Page 74: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Chukar

Page 75: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Red Deer – New Zealand

Page 76: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Whimsy or Aesthetics – European Starling

Page 77: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

House Sparrow

Page 78: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Exotic plants in New Zealand

• Native flora of 2065 species

• 24,774 documented introduced alien species

• About 2200 exotics have become established (naturalized)

Page 79: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Multiflora Rose

Page 80: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Tree of Heaven - Ailanthus

Light blue – counties where Ailanthus is present

Page 81: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Scotch Broom

Page 82: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Walking Catfish

Page 83: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Cherry Headed Conures in San Francisco

Page 84: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Monk Parrots – Chicago, Harold Washington Park and Hyde Park

Page 85: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Science - Gypsy Moth

Page 86: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation
Page 87: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Africanized Honey Bees

Page 88: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Movement of Africanized Honey Bees

Page 89: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Movement of Africanized Honey Bees

Page 90: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Biocontrol

Page 91: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Klamath Weed – aka – St. John’s Wort

Page 92: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Chrysolina beetle

Page 93: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Prickly Pear Hedge - Tunisia

Page 94: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Prickly pear in Australia – before control

Page 95: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Cactoblastis cactorum

Page 96: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Prickly pear – same location after control

Page 97: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Red Fox - Australia

With native Bobuck possum

Page 98: Overexploitation Tokyo Tuna Market. Types of Overexploitation Commercial exploitation Subsistence exploitation Recreational exploitation Incidental exploitation

Red fox - Australia


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