Friday, Sept 11Friday, Sept 11

Intro to ArcheologyIntro to Archeology

Do NowDo Now

1.1.Turn in your signed syllabus to Turn in your signed syllabus to the class traythe class tray

2.2.Complete theComplete the “Skillbuilder” “Skillbuilder” from from last class’slast class’s Time for Chronology Time for Chronology packet and packet and Ch.1 Sec 1 handoutCh.1 Sec 1 handout

Do NowDo Now

Pick out 1 artifact (human-made objects) Pick out 1 artifact (human-made objects) that you have on you or in your backpack, that you have on you or in your backpack, Place these items on your deskPlace these items on your desk

What conclusions will the class be able to What conclusions will the class be able to draw about you based on these artifacts?draw about you based on these artifacts?

What information would be impossible to What information would be impossible to know from the items in the backpack?know from the items in the backpack?

Are all guesses accurate? Why not?Are all guesses accurate? Why not?

Archeology TermsArcheology Terms

Archeology:Archeology: Science of uncovering clues Science of uncovering clues about early human lifeabout early human life

Make Make observationsobservations: something one has : something one has seen, heard, or noticed. seen, heard, or noticed.

Make Make inferencesinferences: educated guesses : educated guesses based on observationsbased on observations

Review of YesterdayReview of Yesterday

Syllabus & ProceduresSyllabus & Procedures I Have Who HasI Have Who Has

ChronologyChronology Finish skill builder & create class timelineFinish skill builder & create class timeline

BreakBreak

Twitter checkTwitter check

After BreakAfter Break

Binder Set UpBinder Set Up Archeology NotesArcheology Notes

Daily ObjectivesDaily Objectives

Students will understand what an Students will understand what an archeologists does and how they use archeologists does and how they use fossils and artifacts to tell us about fossils and artifacts to tell us about prehistoric timesprehistoric times

Students will know the names, time Students will know the names, time periods, and characteristics of several periods, and characteristics of several hominidshominids

Students will be able to make observations Students will be able to make observations and inferences about artifactsand inferences about artifacts

Vocabulary of ArcheologyVocabulary of Archeology

ArcheologistsArcheologists ObservationObservation InferenceInference ArtifactsArtifacts FossilsFossils SiteSite

Fossils/ArtifactsFossils/Artifacts

1. Fossils are remains of living things (plants, animals, people), not of things that were made.

2. Artifacts are remains of things that were made, not the remains of living things.

What is a site?What is a site?A "site" is a place archaeologists wish to explore.

At the site, archaeologists literally dig, looking for the remains of ancient civilizations. That is why they call the site at which they are working a “dig”.

Grids & LabelingGrids & Labeling

Before they begin digging, archaeologists design a grid on the ground using rope and string.

Each square in the grid must be carefully searched. A record must be kept of anything found,

including what was found next to it.

Tools of the TradeTools of the Trade

The tools they use are sometimes very simple. Tools include trowels, brushes, spoons, dental picks, sieves, saws, dustpans, and wheelbarrows.

They search each grid very carefully. Digging at a site is slow and careful work.

Back in the LabBack in the Lab

Once objects are labeled and removed from a site, they are taken to a lab, relabeled, and placed into a database. Archaeologists use this information to put together pieces of the past.

It takes a great deal of education, training, patience, and attention to detail to workas an archaeologist.

Dating Artifacts & FossilsDating Artifacts & Fossils

Process called Carbon DatingProcess called Carbon Dating

How Carbon Dating WorksHow Carbon Dating Works

HominidsHominids

HominidsHominids: humans and other creatures that walk : humans and other creatures that walk uprightupright

HominidsHominids

Australopithecus afarensis: Australopithecus afarensis:

3.9-3.0 million years ago3.9-3.0 million years ago early hominid, fossils only found in Africaearly hominid, fossils only found in Africa Brain 1/3 of the size of a modern humanBrain 1/3 of the size of a modern human Bipedal Bipedal Simple ToolsSimple Tools

Homo habilis:Homo habilis:

1.9-1.5 million years ago1.9-1.5 million years ago ““handy man” for its toolmaking abilityhandy man” for its toolmaking ability Slightly larger brain than austrolopithicus Slightly larger brain than austrolopithicus Stone toolsStone tools

Homo erectusHomo erectus

““Upright Man”Upright Man” 1.6 million - 30,000 B.C.E., 1.6 million - 30,000 B.C.E., brain size a bit larger than homo habilisbrain size a bit larger than homo habilis first to use fire, used tools to hunt, spoken first to use fire, used tools to hunt, spoken

language, first to migratelanguage, first to migrate

Homo sapien neanderthalensisHomo sapien neanderthalensis

230,000-30,000 years ago230,000-30,000 years ago Some scientists think it is unrelated to humansSome scientists think it is unrelated to humans Different brain shape, similar size to modern Different brain shape, similar size to modern

humanshumans Pointed, sharp toolsPointed, sharp tools

Homo Sapien Sapien:Homo Sapien Sapien:

scientific name meaning “Wise Man” scientific name meaning “Wise Man” lived from about 200,000 B.C.E. to today, lived from about 200,000 B.C.E. to today, brain size of modern humansbrain size of modern humans specialized toolsspecialized tools

You Be the ArcheologistYou Be the Archeologist

8 Stations8 Stations

Let’s CheckLet’s Check

Common AncestorCommon Ancestor

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-earliest-humans?of-all-of-us-the-earliest-humans?m=518971d79ac04m=518971d79ac04

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-earliest-humans?of-all-of-us-the-earliest-humans?m=518971d79ac04m=518971d79ac04

PaleolithicPaleolithic

Means Old Stone Means Old Stone AgeAge

What do you What do you think of you think think of you think of cave men? of cave men? Why?Why?

Tracing Mankind’s OriginsTracing Mankind’s Origins

Visual DiscoveryVisual Discovery

Visual DiscoveryVisual Discovery

Characteristic of Hunter-Gatherer Characteristic of Hunter-Gatherer SocietySociety

Nomadic (moved in search of water, food, and Nomadic (moved in search of water, food, and shelter)shelter)

Invented the first tools and simple weaponsInvented the first tools and simple weapons Discovered FireDiscovered Fire Lived in clans (groups of people who live Lived in clans (groups of people who live

together)together) Oral languageOral language Created “cave art”Created “cave art”

Cave ArtCave Art

Paleolithic LifePaleolithic Life

Nomadic:Nomadic:

Paleolithic LifePaleolithic Life

FireFire http://http://www.history.com/www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-fire story-of-all-of-us-fire

Hunter-GathererHunter-Gatherer

People or societies in which most or all food is People or societies in which most or all food is obtained from wild plants and animals, not obtained from wild plants and animals, not farming or raising animals farming or raising animals

Paleo DietPaleo Diet

On Diet:On Diet: Not on diet:Not on diet: dairy productsdairy products grainsgrains legumeslegumes processed oils processed oils refined sugar refined sugar AlcoholAlcohol CoffeeCoffee Soft drinksSoft drinks