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FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE STATUS &
USSEC IPA UPDATES IN CHINA
Zhou Enhua (Aquaculture Technical Manager )
China Freshwater Aquaculture Update
The total freshwater aquaculture production was 29.36 million mt,
accounting for 61.8% of the total in 2014.
80% freshwater aquaculture production came from the 10 top
provinces in the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas.
In the freshwater aquaculture production data, fish, shrimp & river
crab occupied 88% and 9%, respectively.
China is culturing the most freshwater species with different
feeding habits in the world (over 50 species).
The total pond area was 2.66 million ha, accounting for 43.7% of the total (6.08 million ha) in 2014.
Over 71.2% freshwater aquaculture production was from pond operation, which is the most important sector.
The average pond production was 7,852 kg/ha.
China Pond Aquaculture Update
池塘湖泊水库河沟
>71.2%（20.9 mmt） Fish Yield: 7,852 kg/ha
China Aquafeed Production Update
Over 70% freshwater fishes and 100% shrimp were produced with
formulated feeds (sinking or floating).
The total aquafeed production was 35 million mt in 2014.
The annual SBM for aquaculture was estimated to be 8.8 million mt.
Over 90% soy demand is from the freshwater
aquaculture sector in China.
Challenges and Opportunities
China population continues to grow to 20% before stabilizing
(about 1.6 billion by 2030).
All fisheries increase will be only from aquaculture sector
because of declining capture fishery landings.
Challenges and Opportunities
Limited water and land resources
Poor pond facilities, more diseases and difficult to manage
Increasing diseases and using more chemicals
Increasing production costs and less profitability for fish farmers…
Innovation of aquaculture technology
Intensification of aquaculture production
China Aquaculture Development Trend
Where does the China freshwater aquaculture industry go ???
In-Pond Raceway Aquaculture Technology (IPA)
It’s a new aquaculture technology which has been developed
based on the principles of conventional pond culture and
raceway production.
Traditional Open Pond Culture In-pond Raceway Confinement Culture
Sketch of In-pond Raceway Aquaculture Technology (IPA)
fed-species
cells for
Production
Operation Platform
Baffle
Qu
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Wh
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Water flow
Op
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for n
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-fed
sp
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Water flow
Advantages of USSEC IPA TechnologyImprove fish production and survival
Improve FCR and feeding efficiency
Minimal use of drugs and chemicals to ensure food safety
Reduce production costs per unit of fish production
Better inventory control with a 100% catch rate without discharging any water
More fish species to be cultured to minimize market price risks
Increase cash flow through staggered stocking and harvesting
Easier fish health management and production operation
Capture of 70% of nutrients for removal and use as a crop fertilizer
Zero water discharge for environmental protection and sustainable development
USSEC/China IPA Development Update
12
The first USSEC IPA demonstration, funded by the Iowa Soybean
Association was successfully completed and evaluated by
the Chinese and American experts on Nov. 13, 2013.
IPA Development/Promotion in China (2013-2015)
2013 2014 2015
LocationCells
(m2)Location Cells (m2) Location
Cells
(m2)
1 Jiangsu Province 286 Jiangsu Province 25,000 Jiangsu Province 50,000
2Anhui
Province330 Anhui Province 8,357
3 Shanghai 660 Shanghai 1,100
4Shanxi
Province200 Shanxi Province 400
5 Zhejiang Province 1,320
6 Fujian Province 660
7 Chongqing 660
8 Beijing 200
Total 286 26,190 62,697
New IPA Developments in China
The new model of auto waste collection device and auto-feeder
have been developed for IPA system.
The new model of auto-monitoring and alarm devices have been
developed and used for IPA system.
The IPA technology is being tested with different freshwater
species including grass carp, wuchang carp, snakehead, yellow
catfish, largemouth bass, channel catfish etc. at different farms.
More fish farmers will test and adopt the USSEC IPA technology in
the future.
Auto Collection Devices for Fish Wastes
AUTO
MONITORING &
ALARM DEVICES
China IPA Demonstration UpdateIn 2013, the first USSEC IPA demonstration was conducted in Pingwang, Suzhou City,
Jiangsu Province.
In 2014, four USSEC IPA demonstrations were conducted in three more city and
provinces.
In 2015, six USSEC IPA demonstrations were conducted in Pingwang, Nanjing and
Jianhu in Jiangsu Province, Luan in Anhui Province, Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province,
Songjiang in Shanghai. In addition, over 100 aquaculture farms have tested and
adopted the USSEC IPA technology in 8 different provinces and cities.
More freshwater fish species were being tested in the IPA system, including grass carp,
black carp, crucian carp, wuchang carp, largemouth bass, channel catfish, snakehead,
tilapia etc.
The USSEC IPA technology has been highly prioritized by the NEC/MOA as one of the
new and modern aquaculture technologies to be promoted in China.
The USSEC IPA technology has been reported by various medias and local TV stations.
USSEC/China IPA Demo Results in 2015
– Luan, Anhui Province
Cell #1 Cell #2
Fish Species Grass Carp
(12,000 fish/cell)
Grass Carp
(15,000 fish/cell)
Growth (g) 750 2,880 100 1,400
Gross Production (kg/Cell) 34,298 20,864
Fish Yield (kg/m3) 156 95
Survival (%) 99.0 99.0
FCR 1.52 : 1.0 1.49 :1.0
ROI 40.3 11.2
USSEC/China IPA Demo Results in 2015
– Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province
Cell #1 Cell #2
Fish Species Snakehead Black Carp
Growth (g) 225 788 188 627
Gross Production (kg/Cell) 12,051 4,275
Fish Yield (kg/m3) 67.0 24.0
FCR 0.9 : 1.0 1.85
ROI 19.5 12.4
USSEC/China IPA Demo Results in 2015
– Songjiang District, Shanghai
Cell #1 Cell #2
Fish Species Snakehead
(10,000 fish/cell)
Grass Carp
(12,000 fish/cell)
Growth (g) 250 650 170 1,500
Gross Production (kg/Cell) 6,318 15,180
Fish Yield (kg/m3) 31.6 75.9
Survival Rate (%) 97.1 84.4
FCR 1.46 : 1.0 1.63 : 1.0
ROI 0.76 34.1
USSEC/China IPA Demo Results
in 2015
(Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province)- Largest IPA farm with 52 cells in China
USSEC/China IPA Demo Results in 2015
- Jianhu, Jiangsu Province
Cell #1 Cell #2
Fish Species Grass Carp
(11,660 fish/cell)
Grass Carp
(5,890 fish/cell)
Growth (g) 350 3,100 700 4,000
Gross Production (kg/Cell) 36,053 23,460
Fish Yield (kg/m3) 164 106
Survival (%) 99.8 99.6
FCR 1.39 : 1.0 1.42 :1.0
ROI 33.7 42.0
Recommendations and Focus
Continue to promote the U.S. soy optimized feed for
freshwater aquaculture.
Develop and formulate U.S. soy optimized feeds for some
local high-value species like yellow catfish, snakehead,
largemouth bass etc.
Develop and demonstrate U.S. soy optimized extruded feed
for some cold water species, like sturgeon and trout, to
increase more demand of U.S. soy
Recommendations and Focus
Focus on the improvement and promotion of the USSEC IPA
technology with the U.S. soy optimized feeds
- Train more technical people for IPA system operation
- Improve IPA design (water flow/exchange, in-pond raceway
vs open pond area….) according to local conditions/fish species
- Standardize the in-pond raceway design/specifications…
- Improve the production gears (ww units, waste collection
devices, slurry separator…
- Improve the production technology for different fish species
- Improve feed & feeding technology (auto feeder, guar gum…)
- Retask the fish wastes/nutrients removed from the IPA system .…..
USSEC
IPA
Technology
Fish Producers• Higher
production
• Easy to manage
• Better economics
• Less labor…..
Aquafeed
Industry• More feed
demand
• Better
economics…..
U.S. Soy Family• More soy demand
• Good for soy
farmers &
USSEC…..
Aquaculture
Industry• Friendly environment
• Food safety
• Sustainability
Multiple Win Program
The Global Soy in Aquaculture program strives to promote a profitable and sustainable approach to aquaculture that
specifically shows the utility and value of U.S. soy products
THANK YOU
U.S. SOYBEAN EXPORT COUNCILRm. 1802 Shanghai Int’l Trade Center
No. 2201 Yanan Xi Lu
Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
Tel: (86)-21-6219-1661
Fax: (86)-21-6219-5590