Francesco Lissoni

GREThA-Université Bordeaux IV; KITES-Università Bocconi, Milan

Academic Patenting in Europe

(APE-INV): An Overview

APE-INV ‘s main features

Database Harmonization project [which] ...

… aims at re-classifying patents by inventors [and]

… promote(s) the collection of cross-country data

… on European universities’ contribution to patenting

Research Networking Programme … no direct funding of research activities

… provision of infrastructure and discussion forums

… to help laying the foundations of national research initiatives

APE-INV ‘s sponsors

Background: From university patents to academic inventors Trajtenberg M., Henderson R., Jaffe A. (1992) “Ivory Tower Versus Corporate Lab: An Empirical Study of Basic Research and Appropriability”, NBER Working Paper Series 4146

Balconi, M., Breschi, S., & Lissoni, F. (2004). Networks of inventors and the role of academia: an exploration of Italian patent data. Research Policy, 33(1), 127-145

• Lissoni, F., Llerena, P., McKelvey, M., & Sanditov, B. (2008). Academic patenting in Europe: new evidence from the KEINS database. Research Evaluation, 17(2), 87-102.

• Azoulay, P., Ding, W., & Stuart, T. (2007). The determinants of faculty patenting behavior: Demographics or opportunities? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 63(4), 599-623

• … many more papers based on INVENTOR DATA

Patent applications

Standardisation of company names/addresses/parent co.

Company-level data

INVENTOR DISAMBIGUATION

Inventor-level data set:ID, address(es)

Publicaton number,

priority date, IPC class, citations

etc.

INVENTOR-BASED DATA

INVENTOR-PROFESSOR

MATCHING EXERCISE

What did we know (that we did not know before…)?• Academic patenting is not just university patenting IP

ownership

• Academic patenting is not just a US phenomenon

• “Open Science” vs “Private technology”:Complementarity at the individual levelTrade-off at the systemic level

What didn’t we know (yet..)?• Inventors’ incentives and strategies

• Ownership: How good are universities as IP asset managers?

• Academic patenting outside the US: Is it increasing? In quantity? In quality? We need longitudinal data!

• Inventor data: How to improve quality? How to get feedbacks?

APE-INV project!

APE-INV’s objectivesMAIN:M1. to share expertise and methods for the

creation of an inventors’ database;

M2. to share expertise and methods for matching the inventors’ database with national databases of academic scientists produce comparable counts of acad. patenting activity collect auxiliary information on academic inventors;

M3. to produce a freely available database on “academic patenting in Europe”

SUBSIDIARYS1. to produce one or more joint publications;

S2. to devise a method for collecting the database users’ feedbacks on the quality of the data.

M1. creation of an inventor database S2. method for collecting the database

users’ feedbacks Data repository and feedback platform

2806516 inventors 2032701/2481582 individuals

2200000 patents (EPO applications, 1978-2010) Reference source: Worldwide Patent Statistical

Database (PatStat), issued by the European Patent Office (EPO)

M2. produce comparable counts of academic patenting

M3. free database on “academic patenting in Europe”

APE-INV country datasets: “PUBLN_NR” + “Academ. dummy”

BOTH ON APE-INV website’s DB page ( front page http:/www.academicpatenting.eu)

Activities & achievements, by objective

10

S1. to produce one or more joint publications

Activities & achievements, by objective (cont.)

• Academic Patenting In Europe: A Reassessment of Evidence and Research Practices Francesco Lissoni

• Academic Inventions Outside the University: Investigating Patent Ownership in the UKCornelia Lawson

• University autonomy, the professor privilege and academic patenting: Italy, 1996-2007Francesco Lissoni, Michele Pezzoni, Bianca Potì & Sandra Romagnosi

• When Do Universities Own Their Patents? An Explorative Study of Patent Characteristics and Organizational Determinants in Germany

Anja Schoen & Guido Buenstorf

• Academic Inventors, Scientific Impact and The Institutionalisation of Pasteur´S Quadrant In SpainCatalina Martínez, Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro & Stéphane Maraut

• The Impact of Academic Technology: Do Modes of Involvement Matter? The Flemish Case Julie Callaert, Mariette Du Plessis, Bart Van Looy & Koenraad Debackere

• Academic Inventors, Technological Profiles and Patent Value: An Analysis of Academic Patent Owned by Swedish-Based Firms

Daniel Ljungberg, Evangelos Bourelos & Maureen Mckelvey

• What Determines University Patent Commercialization? Empirical Evidence on the Role of IPR Ownership

Paola Giuri, Federico Munari & Martina Pasquini