FormulasFormulas

1. Ionic – metal and nonmetal, e1. Ionic – metal and nonmetal, e-- transferred transferred

Covalent – nonmetals, eCovalent – nonmetals, e-- shared shared (EXTREMELY IMPORTANT)(EXTREMELY IMPORTANT)

2. It is the 2. It is the chargecharge of the metal. They only of the metal. They only appear in ionic compoundsappear in ionic compounds

3. An ion made of two or more atoms 3. An ion made of two or more atoms

FormulasFormulas4.4. Diatomic molecules – named after the elementDiatomic molecules – named after the element

- Binary Molecular – uses prefixes- Binary Molecular – uses prefixes

- Oxyacids – (H and O) ate - Oxyacids – (H and O) ate ic and ite ic and ite ous and ous and acidacid

- Binary acids – (no O) hydro- and acid- Binary acids – (no O) hydro- and acid

- Ionic compounds with only one choice of oxidation - Ionic compounds with only one choice of oxidation numbers – name metal, then nonmetal (-ide)numbers – name metal, then nonmetal (-ide)

- Ionic compounds with more than one choice of - Ionic compounds with more than one choice of oxidation numbers. name metal, Roman Numeral, oxidation numbers. name metal, Roman Numeral, then nonmetal (-ide)then nonmetal (-ide)

It is also important to remember that covalent bonds can use It is also important to remember that covalent bonds can use prefixes, ionic don’t. But ionic can use roman numeralsprefixes, ionic don’t. But ionic can use roman numerals

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Compounds contain C and HCompounds contain C and HNumber of Carbons is given by the first Number of Carbons is given by the first

part of name (1 meth-, 2 eth-, 3 prop-, 4 part of name (1 meth-, 2 eth-, 3 prop-, 4 but-, 5 pent-, etc)but-, 5 pent-, etc)

Number of Hydrogens = 2(carbon) + 2Number of Hydrogens = 2(carbon) + 2 (Example: propane has 3 Carbons and (Example: propane has 3 Carbons and

2(3)+2 Hydrogens, so C2(3)+2 Hydrogens, so C33HH88))

FormulasFormulas

5. Molecular is true formula, empirical is simplest 5. Molecular is true formula, empirical is simplest ratioratio

6. Percent of each element in a compound6. Percent of each element in a compound

Divide the mass of each element by molar mass Divide the mass of each element by molar mass of compound x 100of compound x 100

7. Ionic bonds are strongly bonded together 7. Ionic bonds are strongly bonded together making them hard solids with high boiling and making them hard solids with high boiling and melting points and are good electrolytes. melting points and are good electrolytes. Covalent are the oppositeCovalent are the opposite

8. Charges of one switch to subscripts of other8. Charges of one switch to subscripts of other

9. Saturated compounds only contain single 9. Saturated compounds only contain single bonds. Unsaturated will contain at least bonds. Unsaturated will contain at least one double or triple bondone double or triple bond

10. 10. alkane – all single bondsalkane – all single bonds

alkene – has a double bondalkene – has a double bond

alkyne – has a triple bondalkyne – has a triple bond

More functional groupsMore functional groupsClass Attached Functional

Group

Alcohol

Aldehyde

Amine

Carboxylic acid

Ester

Ether

Ketone