Food WasteFood WasteSunny LeeSunny Lee

Why Should We Pay Why Should We Pay Attention to Food Waste?Attention to Food Waste?

Increasing global Increasing global urban population urban population

(GUP)(GUP)

Increasing global Increasing global urban population urban population

(GUP)(GUP)

Increase of urban Increase of urban food waste (UFW)food waste (UFW)Increase of urban Increase of urban food waste (UFW)food waste (UFW)

*From 1950 -*From 1950 -2000, the GUP 2000, the GUP has increased has increased from 0.8 billion from 0.8 billion to 2.9, and will to 2.9, and will reach 5 bullion reach 5 bullion

by 2030by 2030

adds pressure to adds pressure to already over-already over-

loaded landfill sites loaded landfill sites

adds pressure to adds pressure to already over-already over-

loaded landfill sites loaded landfill sites

The Waste in Korea...The Waste in Korea...

30% of Korea’s urban garbage is composed of 30% of Korea’s urban garbage is composed of food wastefood waste

Korea creates 11,397 tons of food residual, Korea creates 11,397 tons of food residual, which is equivalent to 2849 of 4 ton trucks. which is equivalent to 2849 of 4 ton trucks.

Composition: Vegetable(46%) > Grain (22%) Composition: Vegetable(46%) > Grain (22%) Meat & Fish(16%) > Fruits (16%)Meat & Fish(16%) > Fruits (16%)

Source: Source: households(53%) > restaurants (47%)

Problems of Burying Problems of Burying WasteWaste

WastWastee

WastWastee

LandfilLandfillsls

LandfilLandfillsls

IncineratioIncinerationn

IncineratioIncinerationn

*Hard to find the right *Hard to find the right landland

*Expensive to take care *Expensive to take care of it afterwardsof it afterwards

*Produces large amounts *Produces large amounts of of

methane and carbon methane and carbon dioxidedioxide

*Hard to find the right *Hard to find the right landland

*Expensive to take care *Expensive to take care of it afterwardsof it afterwards

*Produces large amounts *Produces large amounts of of

methane and carbon methane and carbon dioxidedioxide

*S*Since most food wastes are soggy,

they decrease incineration efficiency

*S*Since most food wastes are soggy,

they decrease incineration efficiency

Especially Methane is greenhouse Especially Methane is greenhouse gas with 100 years of global gas with 100 years of global

warming potentialwarming potential

Solution?Solution?

Food contains a high degree of organic matters Food contains a high degree of organic matters and nutrients. and nutrients.

Thus, food waste can be reused as organic Thus, food waste can be reused as organic resources in the forms of animal feed and resources in the forms of animal feed and compostcompost

Simply reduce food leftoversSimply reduce food leftovers

Nutrient Content of Nutrient Content of Food WastesFood Wastes

Methods of RecyclingMethods of Recycling

Wet FodderWet Fodder

Dry FodderDry Fodder

CompostingComposting

Rubredoxin IncinerationRubredoxin Incineration

Use of worms and mushroomsUse of worms and mushrooms

Comparison of MethodsComparison of Methods

Obstacles of Recycling Obstacles of Recycling Food Waste in KoreaFood Waste in Korea

There is a high salt contentThere is a high salt content

High Price: The average price of commercial compost in High Price: The average price of commercial compost in Korea is about US$2.00 for a 20-kg package, which is 20 Korea is about US$2.00 for a 20-kg package, which is 20 times higher than that of chemical fertilizer. times higher than that of chemical fertilizer.

There is a general perception that all trash go to There is a general perception that all trash go to incinerators or landfillsincinerators or landfills

Farms have refused to accept recycled fertilizers and feed Farms have refused to accept recycled fertilizers and feed materials, even though the government provides these materials, even though the government provides these items to farmers for free. items to farmers for free.

Consequently, many of the recycled fertilizers and feed Consequently, many of the recycled fertilizers and feed materials end up in landfills.materials end up in landfills.

Reduces the mass and volume transported to the Reduces the mass and volume transported to the landfill, and increases its lifelandfill, and increases its life

Composting has been a trend since mid 1980s Composting has been a trend since mid 1980s and food and restuarant waste composting is and food and restuarant waste composting is increasingincreasing

Composting of food waste in city itself reduces Composting of food waste in city itself reduces the transportation cost of MSW managementthe transportation cost of MSW management

Largely windrow-based technologies, in-Largely windrow-based technologies, in-vessel technologies are being usedvessel technologies are being used

Composting in GeneralComposting in General

CompostingComposting

Heat + Carbon Heat + Carbon Dioxide + Water Dioxide + Water

Vapor into airVapor into air

Heat + Carbon Heat + Carbon Dioxide + Water Dioxide + Water

Vapor into airVapor into air

Minerals and Minerals and organic organic

MaterialsMaterials

Minerals and Minerals and organic organic

MaterialsMaterials

at the same time...at the same time...

reusable soil reusable soil amendmentamendmentreusable soil reusable soil amendmentamendment

**

*Main Factors: moisture, temperature, *Main Factors: moisture, temperature, pH, intitial recipe C/N (carbon to pH, intitial recipe C/N (carbon to nitrogen ratio) ration and oxygennitrogen ratio) ration and oxygen

More about in-vessel More about in-vessel technologytechnology

ProcessProcess Can be fully controlledCan be fully controlled

OdorOdorcan be collected and treated can be collected and treated

before discharging in to before discharging in to atmosphereatmosphere

Bulking AgentsBulking Agents wood chips, saw dust, peat wood chips, saw dust, peat mossmoss

Problems of Composting Problems of Composting in Generalin General

The composting facilites should be compactThe composting facilites should be compact

The food waste needs to be mixed to a readily The food waste needs to be mixed to a readily available bulking agent to reduce its moisture available bulking agent to reduce its moisture content, but this bulking agent may not be content, but this bulking agent may not be readyready

Cooperation of the community is neededCooperation of the community is needed

The odors and leachate require special The odors and leachate require special attentionattention

Composting In KoreaComposting In Korea

113 places 113 places that recycle that recycle food waste food waste into fodderinto fodder

113 places 113 places that recycle that recycle food waste food waste into fodderinto fodder

96 places 96 places that that

compost compost food wastefood waste

96 places 96 places that that

compost compost food wastefood waste

90% of the 90% of the food waste is food waste is handled herehandled here

90% of the 90% of the food waste is food waste is handled herehandled here

89.7% of the waste 89.7% of the waste water created in the water created in the

process recycling process recycling food waste is food waste is created herecreated here

89.7% of the waste 89.7% of the waste water created in the water created in the

process recycling process recycling food waste is food waste is created herecreated here

More about Composting More about Composting - By-product Fertilizer- By-product Fertilizer

Raw MaterialRaw MaterialBy-products from fisheries, By-products from fisheries,

agriculture, food waste, and so agriculture, food waste, and so onon

Official Official StandardsStandards

Organic Matter: >20%Organic Matter: >20%Harmful Materials: below Harmful Materials: below

permitted levels of six kinds of permitted levels of six kinds of heavy materialheavy material

Moisture Moisture ContentContent 40-50%40-50%

MaturityMaturity Compost neededCompost needed

Worms!Worms!There are only three centers that raise worms for food wasteThere are only three centers that raise worms for food waste

only 0.42 of the waste water is created here, which is the only 0.42 of the waste water is created here, which is the least among all other places handling food wasteleast among all other places handling food waste

Since worms help natural decomposition and creation of Since worms help natural decomposition and creation of subsequent product (subsequent product ( 부변토부변토 ), this method is the most ), this method is the most nature-friendly.nature-friendly.

However, the study of the usage of worms is limited for nowHowever, the study of the usage of worms is limited for now

[[ 출처출처 ] ] 음식물쓰레기 재활용해야 인류가 산다음식물쓰레기 재활용해야 인류가 산다 -- 에코저널기고에코저널기고 --종합환경연구소 이승호종합환경연구소 이승호 || 작성자 이승호작성자 이승호

Food Waste Management in Food Waste Management in CanadaCanada

Western Canada Western Canada (BC-AB-SK-MB)(BC-AB-SK-MB)

98 facilities 98 facilities (43% of (43% of total)total)

867,761 tonnes 867,761 tonnes (22% of total)(22% of total)

OntarioOntario60 facilities 60 facilities

(26% of (26% of total)total)

681,089 tonnes 681,089 tonnes (17% of total)(17% of total)

QuebecQuebec29 facilities 29 facilities

(13% of (13% of total)total)

1,004,970 1,004,970 tonnes (26% of tonnes (26% of

total)total)

Atlantic Canada Atlantic Canada (NB-PE-NS-NF)(NB-PE-NS-NF)

40 facilities 40 facilities (18% of (18% of total)total)

1,393,363 1,393,363 tonnes (35% of tonnes (35% of

total)total)

FacilitiesFacilities

How is it in Canada?How is it in Canada?The Canadian composting industry is The Canadian composting industry is continuing to grow stronger. continuing to grow stronger.

There is a strong presence of residential There is a strong presence of residential backyard composting programs, and they are backyard composting programs, and they are proving their value for effective and efficient proving their value for effective and efficient management of organic residuals. management of organic residuals.

On a biannual basis, The Composting Council On a biannual basis, The Composting Council of Canada conducts a survey of centralized of Canada conducts a survey of centralized composting operations in Canada.composting operations in Canada.

providing a viable alternative to landfills for providing a viable alternative to landfills for organic materials as well as producing organic materials as well as producing products of value and interest to a variety of products of value and interest to a variety of markets. markets.

Worm Composting in Worm Composting in CanadaCanada

Worm composting is relatively new in Canada Worm composting is relatively new in Canada tootoo

http://www.wormcomposting.cahttp://www.wormcomposting.ca/ -> They / -> They currently sell Red Wiggler Worms (Eisenia currently sell Red Wiggler Worms (Eisenia fetida) for worm composting, fishing and live fetida) for worm composting, fishing and live food. food.

Canada is also recognizing the benefits of Canada is also recognizing the benefits of organic decomposition organic decomposition

So...So...

Food waste is causing great Food waste is causing great problems around the worldproblems around the world

Many countries are using Many countries are using composting nowadays composting nowadays

Still...reducing food waste is the Still...reducing food waste is the most effective way...so eat your most effective way...so eat your FOOD!FOOD!

CitationCitation

http://www.wormcomposting.cahttp://www.wormcomposting.ca//

http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/503/http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/503/

http://eng.me.go.kr/docs/common/common_viehttp://eng.me.go.kr/docs/common/common_view.html?idx=54&av_pg=1&mcode=10&classnow.html?idx=54&av_pg=1&mcode=10&classno=12=12

http://www.abanet.org/environ/committees/http://www.abanet.org/environ/committees/intenviron/newsletter/feb03/korea/intenviron/newsletter/feb03/korea/

http://blog.naver.com/shl1472?http://blog.naver.com/shl1472?Redirect=Log&logNo=130009241577Redirect=Log&logNo=130009241577