food and crop research activities kennedy space center, fl · crop research at nasa-ksc - - -...
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rCrop Research at NASA's Kennedy Space Center
Food and Crop Research Activities Kennedy Space Center, FL
June 2005
Ray Wheeler
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120000008 2020-01-10T22:00:05+00:00Z
Gas Exch. /
MIR Wheat
I Peanut (Ti
Potato (Wisconsin)
Soybean (NC State) STS731J ___________________________ Potato New Jersey
N-Nutrition (UC Davis) Leaves NSCORT
Lettuce (Purdue) Purdue ALS NSCORT NSCORT
Algae Closed Systems Salad MachineISS Wheat
KSC Large, Closed System NFT Lighting Waste Recycling Salad spp.
ARC
rPlant and Algae Testing for Life Support
1960 1980 2000
US Air Force
USSR Air Forcè
Inst for Biomedical Problems (Moscow)
Inst. of Biophysics (Krasnpyarsk, Siberia)
NASA NASACELSS) NASA ALS)
Nati. Aerospace Lab (Japan) Inst. Env. Sc (CEEF)
Cadarache(France) MELISSA/ESA
Guelph/CSA
University Studies (US, Europe, Japan, Canada)
NA SA Testing with Plants for Life Support
1980 1990 2000
roaram
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Solid Media Pressure Human I Integration
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
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Biomass Production Chamber Studies 6
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC -
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Crop testing in smaller growth chambers7
Historical Time/me of Advanced Life Support Research at Kennedy Space Center __
External Reviews /Advisory Panels 5 AIBS Pane/s (3 ZeroBase NRC Panel STWG
wheat /
Lettuce Peanut Sp.nacll Rice
/ Nutrlent\ Soybean Potato Rattles Tetnato Beet Bean
Crop Tests (Lab Scan) porous Tubes -
0 5 20 mt
QPSHIesYb HPSIttOI LEDottsto)
SoySee t. I wte
at V Jat Potato
Breadboard I soyseanV SoybeanhF
Integrated Lenuce Lettuce Tnrrtato Tomato PeenninaryProc Potato WOe at Testing in BPC Radish
Tests 20 (uteday)
no°rep
ruepta tespitatton
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utopia F PlantsAqusoulture Crop Testing / Btoneaotor Effluent
Effluent Tolerance
Resource cellulase Ptesneele Yeast SodiuniRouyckngwtvnp)antu
Recovery rncttoetent,e stoenass
(Lab Scale)Combng
Lab CSTR5 Leaching Studies Anaerebic System Fixed Film Reactors Broreactors' Intermediate
wheat en Soybean NFT
' ./LCCwF: IflCaCd/COOI Wide Flc J05 ic em Del system
Processing, CornbeinO cunrartlCrop Des Excnacgn Tests _.-.. Otttntent Surtaotams
gpruuFecolu, 8 cnoi-crme CD OdPe fl, hots000F Erlueni Recychet J Ic addttO,r to ao,ruol ATOP and Pioeam Reinnwc
Crop Research at NASA-KSC - - -
Current Crop Research Activities:
- ALS Technology Development Proposal I Technical Task Agreements
• Environmental Responses of ALS Crops • Cultivar Comparison I Selection • Mixed vs. Monoculture
- NRA Grants • PESTO I ISS Flight Experiment (Gary Stutte) • RASTA I VOCA (Gary Stutte) • WONDER Flight Experiment (Howard Levine)
- National Research Council (Hyeon-Hye Kim) • Plant Growth Under LED lighting
- Graduate Student Research Program • Cornell, Univ. Florida, Univ. Arkansas, Texas Tech.
Crop Research at NASA-KSC
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TTA Progress:
Environmental Response Tests*
Light: pmol rn-2 s-1): 150, 300, 450
CO2 (ppm): 400, 1200, 4000
Temp. (°C): 22, , 28
Target Crops: 1)Lettuce, Radish, Onion 2) Tomato, Pepper 3)Strawberry
/ 2
* Underlined values indicate conditions typical for open chambers in space cabin 10
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
TTA Progress: Environmental Response Tests
RADISH 25°C
. 12 10ION10N
,i:i::
120' -
100
801
50 400 ppm
401 1200 ppm
20: -•- 4000 ppm
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
PPF (mol rn-2 day)
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
TTA Progress Cultivar comparisons:
Lettuce: Waldmanns' Green, Ostinata,
f(gria, (Red Sails, Eruption, Outredgeous)
Onion. Kinka, Kruncho, Choho, Cnoetsu Guardsman. Pacific Pearl, Evergreen Hardy White, Deep Purple
Radish: Cabernet, Fireball, Cherriette, Giant White Glove, Cherry Belle, Sora, Cherry Bomb II, Vintage
Tomato: Microlirta, Florida Petile Red Robin
Pepper Triton Hanging Fruit Basket
False Alarm
(underkrred indicates the cifltivar ctiosen for further testing)
Crop Research atNASAKSC
TTA Progress: - r Mixed vs. Monocultures
.
/ ' - •,• :.. .: - Allelopathy - Nutrient Competition
1 > Canopy Competition ø
I..
Mixed Plantings -
noted to date ______
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
RASTA I VOCA Project:
• Team: Gary Stutte (P1), lgnacio Eraso, Sylvia Anderson
• Originally a flight experiment to study effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in closed flight chambers on plant growth (RASTA).
• Transitioned to a Ground - Based project to study volatile organic compounds produced in closed systems, and their effects on plants growth (VOCA)
Development of a "SMAC" scale for plants
•
________ - Ir
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
RASTA I VOCA...Exposure and Collection Chambers
Exposure Chambers
A
Target VOCs:
\ Ethylene(10sMAc) 1.2 • _______ Ethanol (10-2 SMAC)
Methanol (10.1 SMAC) 06 Toluene (>0 SMAC)
2 Acetone (>0 SMAC)
1.5 15 150 1500 1oIo.ne (ppm)
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
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¶1LADA Microbial Risk Assessment
Jay Garland , co-Investigator (Gail Bingham, Principal Investigator)
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Crop Research at NASAKSC
Food Analysis and Testing
- Proximate Composition
• Protein, Fat, CHO, Ash, (Dietary Fiber)
- Elemental Composition
- Antinutrients • Nitrate, Phytic Acid, Oxalic Acid
- Antioxidants
• Vit. E and C, Anthocyanins, Lycopene, Polyphenols
- Sensory Evaluations
• Taste Test Panels at JSC
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VI
Crop Research at NASA-KSC ------
Crop Production Activities (existing in black and proposed in red) • Environmental Testing with
• Continue Lettuce, Radish, Onion, Tomato, and Pepper
• Initiate Strawberry Testing
• Initiate Pressure Response Testing at Univ. of Guelph
• Cultivar Selection
• Complete strawberry testing
• Initiate GMO Strategy and Development
• Mixed I Monoculture
• Continue Lettuce-Onion-Radish! Tomato-Pepper
• Initiate Long-Duration Sustained Production Trials
• Continue LED Testing
• Design and Develop Solar Light Capture / Delivery Systems
• Continue Food Quality and Sensory
• Continue VOC Response Testing I Plant SMAC
• Initiate VPU Development
• Support Psychological Response Studies (Human/Plant)
• Terrestrial Analogues, e.g., McMurdo Station, Antarctica
• Initiate Crop Radiation Response Studies
• Initiate Integrated Crop, Wastewater, Solid Waste Testing
• Initiate Planetary Surface Chamber Design and Development19
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Crop Research at NASA-KSC
Meetings I Presentations for 2004:
• Intl. Conference on Environmental Systems
• Habitation Society
• Plant Growth Regulator Society of America
• American Society for Horticultural Science
• Intl. Controlled Environment Working Group (NCR-1O1)
• mt. Society of Horticultural Science
• Agronomy Society of America
• Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
• International ALS Working Group
• American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology
rCrop Research at NASAKSC.
Crop Pubhcationo with KSC Aothors for 2004/2005:
5. Berlcovinh, VU.k. AN. Erokflin, 5,0. Snwiianina, 4.4. Prenger, and 0.0. LeVinn. 2004. Development and testing oVa cylindroul LED lighting unit lot a conueyer.type salad prodontlunsyslern. SAP Tech Paper 2004.01-2434.
2. Bucklin. 0.4,. P.4. Fowler. V.bR qalou. nM, Wheeler. V. Mu. L, Hublltz. and E.G. Wilkerson. 2004. Greenhouse design for the Mars enorronrnent: 050elopnrnnt n/a prolotype depluyaflln doom Acta rdorticullurae 950:127.555.
3. (on. O.n., 0.0. Corns. R.M Whenler, and I CSeger. 2004. Stonratal of lenuce gro per order or eupesed to different light qualities. Agnele of Boeamry 94:501497. 4. (per, H-h.. (ti Wfleeier. 4.0 Sager, and S.D. Coins. 2004. A comparison of growth and pflctosynthetic cheractenstics of lettuce grown under red
and blue LED5 wIth and erlmflout supplemental green LE gs Ada hnrticuiturae 659:497 76, 5. (en, H-H. 5.0 Wheeler, IC sager. N.E. 70110. and 0.0, Coins. 2005. Lighting emIttIng diodes as an illunntnat,00 source toe plento: A renieont
researchaitennedy Space Cenmrn Habitation 1O(2):7n.70. 6. (en, HO., P.M. Wheeler. IC. Sager, and 4.0. Norikane. 2006. Photosynthesis of A stone e gpnsed IndIfferent shut, teen light qdaiities. Enooronsnest Contrul in uioiogy lie 7. Knsflcanranhan:, C., L II. Leuine. C. Zfloc, and P.W. Pare. 2004. In nitro fla000-3.ol goidation medialed byes ring flydrogylattor pattern. Chem.ges. 100/5.71 rV.nso.uoit, 9. Owns, S.D., S.0 Von:o. and Rn. Wheeler. 2004. Irfuence or nitrogen nutrition rne geOenrenr or biumass partoiun,ng and nitrogen u geetficlency Pr flydropcnically.grnwr potalo. 4. Airier. Soc. Hon. Sni. 529:104-14g. 6. Norikane,J.H SO. Jones, S.L. Sleinberg, HG. Leoine. and DOn. In press. Pnreos media inatr,c potential and water content measuremonteduneg
parabolIc flighi. y0554/00.lg(2l:117.126. 10. Paul. AL.. HG. Leuioe. W McLamb. K. Nnrwood, C. Stutte, 0. Reed and RI. Pert. In pesos. Plant molecular biology in the spane ssation ate:
utduatoo ot (SC fieelon Pubes with RNAIater. Ache Asrrcnadticp. 11, Preener. 4.4., h.L. Steinberg, C. Haddock, In. Nuukarle. and 0.0. Leone. 2004. Accuranpot a poInt source ttremral soil moisture sensor ton space
fight nutrient delloery systems. SAE Tech. Pacer 2004.01.2456. 12. Prengen. 1.4., 9.-h, (inn. 1.7. RIchards. 0. Monte. no. Leoine. N. boric, 0. Stone. 0. Wheeler. and 4. Sager. In press. Crop peoduchon lean
eotraterresteiel )nontr011ed.enoirormant. nunrograuityl ennlrnrmenI I Awrihuhural Meteorol. 90(51:356490. 12. Prenger, 4.1.. S.L. SteInberg. 0, Haddock, 4.0. ticnkane. and HG. Leo,ne. 2004. Accuracy Ore point source thermal soil moisture sensor toe spece
flight nutrient delioery systems. SAC Tech. Paper 2004.01.2404. nit. Richards. IT.. S.C. berm. S.L. Euney. C.E. hunker, and OW, Stone, 2004. Enaluating growth characlenstins and total anthecycanin content In three cuitloars Ot red romaioe.type leftdhe ILactuca hernia L.l in response to three lighting intensities, Proc Planr Growth Ree Son. 3,: (In press) 15. Richards. IT., S. Edrep, NC. nor,o, SW. Siorne. 5.0. Wheeler, 0.0. COins, N, Cranston. 2004. Effects of lighting irtensoy and supplenrental CO 1 on yield cI pnlent:al salad cmnps ten ISS SitE Tech Paper No. 2004.Ot.2299. 16. Rlddke,C,I., OP. SlaSh, M.d., flutter, P.M Welch, R.W Larghans, L.S. Albnlghl, S.F. Combs, Jr., unit R.M. Wheeler. 2004, Sioenailaabildy otiror teem
spinach using an in vito: numan cacc-2 Cell bioassay onodel. biyhflgli 3O0 10)11:7-ru. 17. 9 geIgy . n.h., PA. Fouler, 0,0. Wheeler. and (A, Bunklin 200u. Water nynle and Os maragenoent ron plan, habitals at reduced pressures,
10) 1):46 .00. 18. Sohuergel, AC., 0.4. Capelir, 4.4, Di Benedelto. C. Mac, CM. Thai. MO. Euans, IT, Rinhards, TA. Blank. and E.C. Stryjeleski, 2004. Curnparlsor of
hen hyperspectral Imaging and Ion laser-Induced fluorcscerce Instrumnets ron the detection Ot Zion stress and ohlotophyll n000en petion In Bahia Ieaspalomnotatum Fluggel. herrsote Sensin g 01 Enoirosmeot 64:572486. 19, Sldne, SW.. I Erase. S. AnderSon, and 0. can Den Ende. 2004. SersitInOy of 100155 to Colette organic oclrrpounds: Toluere, ethanol, and acetone.
Proc Plan G,nerh Reg Son. Or: (in press) 20. Slune, SW,,. Eraso. ard V.A. Foielee. 2004. Effects 01 conw000 lOS nolatile organic compounds or growth or radish. SAC Tech Peon, 2004.01.2257. 21. Wheels,, 0.9., (A. Corey, G.M. 001k, CL MaCkoenak. NC, hobo, and I.E. Sager. 2004, Soybean canopy ges eechange rates: Effects ot lightIng,
Eno-Engrnen,ins 16:220.21u. 22, Vflreelm, R.M. 2004. HoOlcusure toe Mars. Ante Hortiouhuree 642:201.216. 23. lrirreOlor. R.M.. 0.0. Peterson, and OW, Slugs 2004. Ethylene productior throughoct growth and deoelopmeet gt plants, l-kortSore000 39 )8):6.4.
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