BULLETIN 242

PENNSYLVANIA

FLOWER GROWERS

AUGUST, 1971

Henry Bass, representing The New York Florists' Club, presents certificates tofloriculture students following an awards luncheon on the campus. Left to right—Dr. J. K. Pasto, Associate Dean. Resident Education; Robert Keiter, Downing-town, who received a $150 scholarship for the greatest service contribution tothe Department of Horticulture as a junior; Henry Bass; Walter Nelson fromMcMurray, who received a $100 scholarship for the greatest service contributionto the Department of Horticulture as a senior; and Kerry Pctusky, senior fromCamp Hill, who received a $200 scholarship for the highest scholastic averagein Floriculture.

OBSERVATIONS ON ECONOMICPROBLEMS FROM NEW ENGLAND

PENNSYLVANIA GROWERS FACE

SIMILAR PROBLEMS1. The major economic problem for

the growers are the shipped-inflowers from low cost areas. Thesesupplies keep the flower prices atlevels that bring only modest returns to local growers' resources.As a consequence, in the long runresources tend to move out offlower production. Growers withno alternative choices continue toaccept low returns for their laborand capital.

2. There seems to exist a certain

limited demand for fresh, highquality local flowers at premiumprices guaranteeing relativelycompetitive returns to efficientlocal growers with managerialtalent in production and marketing—and continued flower production in or near high-cost suburban locations.

3. Recent sharp increases in fuel oilcost, and new antipollution regulations combined with rapidly increasing wage levels and relatively

New Publication

lagging flower prices have aggravated the economic problems oflocal flower producers.

4. In search for lowering cost offlower production, less expensivegreenhouse construction materialsand structures such as fiberglass,plastic and Dutch type (Venlotype) greenhouses are being used.

5. Mechanization and automation ofgreenhouse work operations andmaterials handling may offer further opportunities to moderate rising costs of production, particularly in new greenhouses.

6. Some economies of size are evident in greenhouse and outdoorflower production, favoring thetrend toward larger firms, particularly in combination with increased market power.

7. Problems and opportunities existin flower distribution, vertical integration ("direct sales" and location of wholesale florist firms.)Reprinted from MFGA Mayflower

Your Business, Your Son and YouA book that analyses all the prac

tical and psychological ramificationsof a son entering his father's businessand advises how the situation shouldbe evaluated to insure successful parental and business relationship hasjust been published by B. Klein Publications, Inc. of Rye, New York.

"Your Business, Your Son And You"was written by Jack H. McQuaig, anindustrial psychologist with long experience in career counselling and inadvising executives.

Mr. McQuaig points out all thedelicate psychological elements existent in a father-son relationship. Whatare the father's real motives and attitudes? Is this the right business forhis son? Can they both accept thestatus alteration of this new relationship?

Once the decision is made, the au

thor goes further to help themthrough their initial adjustment period in the new relationship. He outlines the techniques available for theson's personal and managerial development. The father learns how toface the changes that have occurredin business conditions and prepareshim for the newer methods his sonmay wish to introduce.

This book provides fathers and sonswith professional psychological andpractical directions for the self-appraisals that must be made beforethey decide whether or not the sonshould enter his father's business.

"Your Business, Your Son and You"sells for $10 and is available directlyfrom the publishers, B. Klein Publications Inc., 11 Third St., Rye NewYork 10580.

Take Time

To Plan Your

Production

1. Do you have a planned program?2. Do you know what job or jobs will

be done at a given time?3. What changes are you anticipat

ing?4. Do you have a physical map of

your greenhouse benches or beds?5. Are various crops scheduled for

each square foot of bench spacefor the entire year?

6. Was your profit as great as youhad planned or anticipated?

7. Can you pin-point the reasons forthe change in your financial picture?

These questions and similar onesmust be asked and answered by eachgrower. Such self-analyzing questionsand answers fall into the realm of efficient management. As individualmanagers of sizeable businesses, youmust take the time to evaluate yourprogram.

Too often I hear the lament thatyou are too busy to do this self-analysis. Personally I cannot see howyou can afford not to take the timeto determine your own destiny.

Set aside a few minutes each day toconsider questions similar to thosesuggested. Such program planningwill prove most profitable to you bothin time and money.

PENNSYLVANIA

FLOWER GROWERS

BULLETIN 242

AUGUST, 1971

OFFICERS

PRESIDENT MARTIN P. GOHNGohn's Greenhouses

Willow Grove, Pa. 19090V. PRESIDENT ... J. ROBERT OGLEVEE

Oglevee Floral Co.Connellsvillc, Pa.

TREASURER AND EXECUTIVESERCRETARY . HOWARD G. KRUPP

P.O. Box 247, Chalfont, Pa. 18914EDITOR JOHN W. MASTALERZ

907 Glenn Circle SouthState College, Pa. 16801

THE RESPONSE OF MID-CENTURY

HYBRID LILIES TO QUEL

A NEW GROWTH REGULATING CHEMICAL

Mass market outlets probably willincrease the volume of colored hybridlily plants sold at Easter and in thespring. Enchantment, a DeGraaff hybrid, can be held in storage up to 9months and forced in 65 to 70 days.Bulbs could be planted in early February for a Mother's Day crop. Thesmaller size bulbs could be grown in4- and 5-inch pots and spaced almostpot-to-pot for a high potential netreturn.

The hybrid lilies were developedprimarily for the home garden andfor cut flowers. Thus, one of the major problems in growing them aspotted plants is height reduction.Until recently the only effectivemeans of reducing height was towithhold water and fertilization.However, this method of height reduction did not always keep theplants short enough and smaller sizedleaves and flowers often accompaniedthe shorter stems.

Several types of growth retardantshave been tested on lilies but noneadequately reduced height withoutadverse effects. This year a new

1 Quel is Elanco Products Company (adivision of Eli Lily and Company) trademark for a-cyclopropyl-a-(4 methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethal. The common(generic) name proposed for the compound is "ancymidol". Quel was previously known as E1531. Pure Quel is awhite crystalline solid which melts at 110to 111°C. The solubility in water is 650ppm at 25 °C and is unaffected by moderate changes in pH. Laboratory leachingstudies show that Quel moves through

/ soil.•Jm^, 2 The hybrid lilies were donated by Jan de

Graaff, Oregon Bulb Farms, Greshani,Oregon.

John W. White

The Pennsylvania State University

growth retardant was made availablefor experimental use.

Methods

Sixteen cultivars of DeGraaff lilieswere received October 10, 1971. One-half of the 12 bulbs of each of thecultivars Enchantment, Cinnabar.Harmony, Joan Evans, Prosperity,Rainbow, and Harlequin were grownwith each of two schedules: 1) Pot in5-inch standard clay pots and hold at63°F from October 15 to November10, hold at 45° from November 11 toDecember 28, and force at 60°F onDecember 28; 2) Hold in moist peatmoss at 35°F from October to January 14, pot and force at 60°F on January 14. All 3 of the bulbs of each ofthe cultivars Golden Chalice, Paprika,Amber Gold, Sonata, Imperial Crimson, Imperial Gold, Imperial Silver,Pink Glory, and Jamboree weregrown with the second schedule.

Three height control treatmentswere used: 1) no growth retardant, 2)0.25 mg/pot of Quel, and 3) 0.50 mg/pot of Quel. Quel was applied as asingle drench application when theemerging shoots were approximately6 inches tall, unless otherwise noted.Two bulbs of each of the first groupof cultivars and one bulb of each ofthe second group of cultivars receivedeach height control treatment.

Results

The effects of the two schedulesand three growth retardant treatmentson the date of flowering, days toflower at 60°F, total number offlowers and stems for 1 or 2 bulbs and

— 3 —

mean total height for the 16 cultivarsare presented in Tables 1 and 2.

Enchantment (Fig. 1)—In scheduleone, the date of flowering was delayed 7 to 12 days as the concentration of Quel was increased fromnone to 0.25 to 0.5 mg/pot. Inschedule two, there was no difference in date of flowering betweenthe Quel treatments and the check.The height from soil to tip of tallest flower was reduced by about25 to 30% by concentrations of 0.25and 0.5 mg/pot of Quel.

Cinnabar — In schedule one, thedate of flowering was hastened 9 to12 days with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/potof Quel. In schedule two, theflowers of the check treatmentaborted. The number of days toflower for schedule two was lessthan for schedule one, because theschedule two plants reached an-thesis on the same dates but were

potted 17 days later. In scheduleone, height reduction was about 25to 30%.

Harmony — There were no significant differences in flowering datesbetween the Quel treatments foreither schedule. Schedule twoplants flowered in fewer days thanschedule one plants. There wasabout 20 to 25% reduction in heightin schedule one, but only 12% inschedule two.

Joan Evans (Fig. 2) — There wereno significant differences in flowering dates between Quel treatmentsfor either schedule. Schedule twoplants flowered in the same number

Table 1. Growth Response of Seven Hybrid Lily Cultivars to Two Schedules and Two Concentrations (0.25 and 0.50 mg/pot) of Quel Plus a No-Quel Check.

M •an Total Mean

Sche

QuelTreat

Flow ering Number of(lowers (stems)

total(Bull) Days at height

Cnltivar size) dule ment Date 60°F. for 2 bulbs (cm)

Enchantment (6/7) 1 1 2/26 60 32(4) 532 3/5 67 22(2) 393 3/10 72 30 (2) 38

2 1 3/23 69 22(3) 582 3/23 69 25(2) 45

3 3/23 69 20(2) 31

Cinnabar (6/7) 1 1 3/22 84 2(2) 452 3/10 72 12(2) 34

3 3/13 75 10(2) 32

2 1 none — Aborted —

2 3/10 56 8(2) 40

3 3/13 59 12(2) 31

Harmony (6/7) 1 1 3/10 72 8(2) 42

2 3/7 69 14(2) 39

3 3/10 72 19(3) 32

2 1 3/16 62 19(2) 48

2 3/17 63 18(2) 42

3 3/16 62 21(2) 47

Joan Evans (6/7) 1 1 3/10 72 19(5) 49

2 3/10 72 22(4) 39

3 3/11 73 16(4) 32

2 1 3/28 74 21(4) 55

2 3/27 73 13(4) 40

3 3/26 72 16(4) 37

Prosperity (6/7) 1 1 3/13 75 2(2) 33

2 3/19 81 9(3) 36

3 3/15 77 6(3) 30

2 1 3/26 72 24(3) 452 3/25 71 31(4) 42

3 3/28 74 31(4) 33

Rainbow Hybrid (6/7) 1 1 2/28 62 21(3) 50

2 2/28 62 16(2) 44

3 3/1 63 13(2) 37

2 1 3/5 51 20(3) 652 3/7 52 15(2) 50

3 3/3 49 19(3) 41

Harlequin Hybrid (6/7) 1 1 3/10 72 17(2) 892 3/11 73 15(2) 68

3 none — Aborted —

2 1 4/1 77 32 (2) 1232 3/18 64 10(2) 49

3 3/23 69 8(2) 40

of clays from potting as scheduleone plants. There was about 20 to33% reduction in height in scheduleone and 27 to 33% in schedule two.

Prosperity — There were no significant differences in flowering datesbetween the Quel treatments foreither schedule. Schedule twoplants flowered in a few days lessthan schedule one plants. Therewere no significant differences inheights in schedule one plants.There was about 7 to 27% reductionin height in schedule two.

Rainbow Hybrid — There were no

significant differences in floweringdates within either schedule one ortwo. However, schedule two plantsflowered about 10 days quickerfrom potting than schedule oneplants. There was about 12 to 26%reduction in height in schedule oneand about 23 to 39% in schedule

two.

Harlequin Hybrid (Fig. 3)—Therewas no significant difference inflowering dates between the Queltreatments in schedule one. Plants

in schedule two treated with Quelat 0.25 to 0.5 mg/pot flowered 14

— 4 —

Figure 1. Lily Hybrid 'Enchantment'.Quel treatments, L. to R. — Check,Check, 0.25 mg/pot, 0.50 mg/pot.

or 9 days earlier than the non-Queltreated plants. There were no significant differences between num

ber of days to flower betweenschedule one or two. There was

about 12% reduction in height between no Quel and 0.25 mg/pot inschedule one and about 60 to 67%reduction between no Quel and0.25 or 0.5 mg/pot in schedule two.

There were no significant differences between flowering dates between the Quel treatments or theno Quel check for the cultivarsGolden Chalice, Paprika, Sonata,Amber Gold, Pink Glory, ImperialCrimson, Imperial Gold, ImperialSilver, or Jamboree. The numberof days from potting to flowering at60°F varied from 50 to 135. The

cultivars are listed above in order

of days to flower from the fewest(Golden Chalice) to the most (Jamboree).

Increasing the concentrations ofQuel from none to 0.25 to 0.50 mg/pot proportionally reduced theheight of the cultivars in the orderlisted above and in Table 2 as fol

lows: 1) 25 to 27%, 2) check plantflowers aborted, 3) 48 to 55%, 4) 50to 61%, 5) 29 to 32%, 6) 32 to 37%,7) 30 to 39%, 8) 24 to 28%, and 9) 30to 40%.

Discussion

The new growth retardant Queloffers the commercial grower a newtool for height control of hybrid lilies.Because of this new retardant, it appears that some hybrid lily cultivars

Table 2. Growth Response of Nine Hybrid Lily Cultivars to Two Concentrations (0.25 and0.50 mg/pot) of Quel Plus a No-Quel Check.

(BulbCultivar size)

Schedule

QuelTreat

ment

Mean

Flowering

Date

Days at60° F.

TotalNumber of

(lowers (stems)for 2 bulbs

Mean

totalheight(cm)

Golden Chalice (6/7 )

Paprika (5/6)

Sonata (6/7)

Amber Gold (6/7)

Pink Glory (7/8)

Imperial Crimson (7/8]

Imperial Gold (7/8)

Imperial Silver (7/8)

Jamboree (7/8)

1 3/52 3/33 3/4

51

49

50

71

70

83

86

85

92

94

92

102

105

106

122

125

128

129

126

134

130

139

135

132

137

136

3(1)6(1)5(1)

Aborted

2(2)1(1)

14(1)12(1)10(1)

6(1)7(1)6(1)2(1)3(1)4(1)

3(1)2(1)3(1)

KD3(1)2(1)

2(1)2(1)1 (1)

4(1)6(1)4(1)

60

45

44

25

25

115

60

52

90

4535

85

60

58

90

61

57

88

62

54

92

70

66

12084

72

none

3/253/24

4/64/9

4/8

4/154/174/15

4/26

4/284/29

5/15

5/185/21

5/22

5/195/27

5/23

6/15/28

1 5/25

2 5/30

3 5/29

could be grown as potted plants. Aheight of 40 to 50 cm appeared to bebest for the 4- to 5-inch pots, althoughsome customers might prefer plantsshorter or taller than this. Enchantment, Cinnabar, Harmony, Joan Evans, Prosperity, and Rainbow Hybridplants were within this height rangewithout the use of Quel. Harlequinhybrid, Golden Chalice, and Amber

Figure 2. Lily Hybrid 'Joan Evans'.Quel treatment, L. to R.—Check, 0.25mg/pot, 0.50 mg/pot.

Gold plants were within this heightrange when treated with Quel. Paprika plants were too short and Sonata,Pink Glory, Imperial Crimson, Imperial Gold, Imperial Silver, and Jamboree were too tall when treated with

0.25 or 0.50 mg/pot of Quel.Higher concentrations or an earlier

time of application might have furtherreduced the height of the too tall cultivars. However, all of these cultivarsexcept Sonata also required more than90 days to flower and had relativelyfew but large flowers. These cultivarsdid not have growth characteristicswhich were well suited to pottedplant production.

Narrow and short leaves are com

mon characteristics of" many of the hybrid lilies used in this study. Heightreduction helps counterbalance thethin appearance created by theseshort and narrow leaves. However,the effects of placing several bulbs inone pot should be studied.

The hybrid lily is certainly a likelycandidate for increased use as a potplant with the increasing emphasis on

— 5 —

Figure 3. Lily Hybrid 'Harlequin'.Quel treatments, L. to R.—Check.0.25 mg/pot middle two plants, 0.50mg/pot.

mass market sales and on offering awider range of plant types and colors.We would like to see more growersusing this crop on a trial basis.

Recommended Culture for Forcing

1. Precooling — no precooling isnecessary. All bulbs are properly pre-cooled, when shipped, for immediateforcing. If it is not desirable to startforcing upon arrival, additional precooling will not be harmful — bulbsshould be stored at 34°-40° Fahrenheit.

2. Soil — must be loose and porous. Use this procedure: An inch ofgravel in the bottom of the pot; fillthe pot half full of soil mix (2 partssandy loam, 2 parts leafmold or peat;and 1 part sand); place bulb; then finish filling with soil mix.

3. Water thoroughly.4. Rooting period — most varieties

do not require any special rootingperiod after potting and can be placeddirectly in forcing temperatures. Prosperity is an exception. Place this variety in 40°-50° Farenheit until rootaction is good before forcing at highertemperature.

5. Recommended Temperature:

(Continued on pane 13)

AREA MARKETING AGENT COMMENTS

ON PRICES AND PROFITS

You are just completing one of yourmost profitable seasons in your greenhouse operation or are you?

Mr. Larry Rubright, Area Marketing Agent, is offering some thoughtprovoking comments on this subject.Granted the bedding plant season isbehind us, but now is the time to plannext year's program.

Take the time to read and digestMr. Rubrights comments on this veryimportant Price-Profit subject, whichfollows:

Management of any retailing activity that sells bedding plants, potplants, market packs, etc. has decisions to make. Some of these decisions are likely to be based uponproven procedures and are relativelyroutine. Others have a more immediate bearing on profits. Non-the-less,both types are made and managersmust take the responsibility seriously.

One of the most common decisions

to be made is, setting the Retail Priceand adjusting it as need seems to dictate. It is a perplexing decision because each firm has its own uniquehistory, philosophy of operation, profit plan and image. Price, obviouslyhas a major impact on your businessbecause it has a direct effect on profits .

1. How does your firm arrive at aprice for products and servicesyou sell?

2. Are you concerned about competition to the point that youchange price patterns whenthey do?

3. Are your price changes maderationally or are they madewithout regard for the effect increases or decreases will haveon the volume of sales and theprofitability of the business?

It is normal thinking to associate aprice decrease with resulting increase,in units sold and visa versa.

But what really happens to grossprofit when such a change is made?How will it be affected by your de

cision to change price? This is a bigquestion mark. Top of the head managing tells you that if decreasing theprice yields increased sales that morethan compensate for the reduced margin per unit, then gross profits willincrease. Fortunately, top of the headmanaging is being replaced these dayswith decisions based on factual evi

dence of the relationship betweenprice and gross profit. It is the purpose of this article to provide factualevidence for these decisions.

Suppose an item you are selling ismedium size (standard) chrysanthemum blooms. Your retail price forthem is 21 cents. Wholesale cost is

160. If you reduce the retail pricefrom 210 to 200, what does it do togross profit? How many more bloomsshould you sell at 200 to equal thegross profit you had at 210? It's a 5%change (.21 to .20 = 10 (1 -i- .21 =- .0467 or - .05 X 100 = - 5%),Gross profit defined is total sales revenue less total cost of goods sold.Hence, if the retail sale of medium-size chrysanthemums is 210 and thecost to produce or buy it is 160, grossprofit is 50.

NET PROFIT is defined as grossprofit less operating costs (variablecosts) and overhead (fixed costs). Ifin the above example, variable costsare 20 and fixed costs are 10, then netprofit would be 20 (or 50 less 20 -j-10)

GROSS MARGIN is defined as:

Retail-Wholesale price per unit X 100Retail Price per unit

In our example, 21-16 X 100 = 23.8%21

Don't confuse this with Mark-upwhich is:

Retail-Wholesale price per unit X 100

Wholesale price per unitwhich in this case is 31.25%

Continuing with the illustration, ifyou sell medium size chrysanthemums

— 6 —

at a rate of 100 for a period of time,gross profit for that period of time is$5.00. Now, if retail changes to 200per bloom, then gross profit per bloomequals 40 (200 - 160). In order toequal the same $5.00 gross, 125 mustbe sold in the same period of time.If you increase retail 10, what happens to gross? (210 to 220 = a 10change or -f- 5%). Gross profit in thiscase is 60. So, you only need to average 83 & % sales to equal the samegross. Now, suppose the competitorwho affects your business the mostdrops price 30. Should you followsuit? That would be a — 14.3% pricechange. You need to sell 250 bloomsin the same period of time to equalthe original $5.00 gross. Are there thatmany potential sales in your tradearea?

If you do it, can you keep costs(variable & fixed) from rising so thatnet profit is not adversely affected?How are you going to get customersinto your store instead of into yourcompetitiors store? Would you needto hire more labor to sell 2% timesmore product. If not, why aren't youselling more now? You would nodoubt need to spend more for advertising, so ad costs would increase.

Very likely, if you expand salesmuch, you will have to figure on apercentage increase in gross profit inorder to pay associated increases invariable costs if not fixed costs.Should your gross profit be increased5-10-15-20 or 25% in order to paythese increases? I have percentagecharts or tables that you can read theincreased number of sales it wouldtake to give you the needed grossprofit. If you are interested, drop anote or call Allen and we will see thatyou get these tables. They will permit you to look at a percentagechange you want to make in price andtell you the percentage increase ordecrease in sales necessary to accomplish it.

relative significance of particular terminal market operations.

j Respondents estimations and sec-k^r ondary data are used to discuss fu

ture developments in consumer demand, current crop production andprospective crops.

Marketing Relationships BetweenRetail and Wholesale Florists.

Goodrich, Jr., Dana C. andDaniel B. Whitaker, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.A study designed to establish the

nature of the business relationship between retail and wholesale florists

was conducted among 85 such merchants in two upstate New York mar-kests. Responses to personal interviewprovided information on procurement,selling, and other operating practiceswhich together comprised importantelements in the structure and conductof these markets.

Associations between size of business of the retailer and his: (a) frequency and extent of patronage ofavailable wholesalers, (b) nature ofprice negotiations with wholesalers,(c) level of trade payables for cutflowers and potted plants, and (d) re-

>W cent shifts in source of supply, weretraced.

The retailer remained largely dependent for perishables on successfuldealings with wholesale florists. Alternate sources such as local growersand distant shippers were utilizedbut were relatively unimportant.

Analysis of the Structure and Organization of Midwestern Terminal Wholesale Flower Markets.

Sullivan Glenn H. and Jerry L.Robertson, Purdue University,West Lafayette, Indiana.A survey of midwestern terminal

flower market wholesalers was completed to determine the structure andconduct of the wholesale market forcut flowers in the Midwest. A complete enumeration was made of the30 wholesalers on the four major midwest terminal wholesale flower mar

kets (St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit,Cleveland). All terminal marketwholesalers handling over 50 percentperishables and selling most of their

^ merchandise to retailers and other^t/ wholesalers were included in the

study.

Results indicated that the relativeimportance of terminal flower marketwholesalers has continued to decline.The influence of traditional terminalmarkets, located in the central city,have decreased in relative importance compared to decentralizedwholesaling firms. Supplies of cutflowers have continued to be shippedfrom concentrated areas of specialized production in increasingly largervolumes. Economic factors surveyedindicated that this trend will continue.

Economics of Grower-operatedWholesale Flower DeliveryRoutes.

Jarvesoo, Elmar and Dradford D.Crossmon, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Peter W.Larson, Cooperative ExtensionService, Walpole.

The study covered 20 deliveryroutes operated by 16 growers selling $10,000 to $344,000 a year perfirm on routes. Included were a variety of growers: crop specialists(roses, carnations, chrysanthemums)and diversified pot plant producers.Cost information on truck and routelabor expenses, and selected performance rates, such as number of customers served on route, miles driven,time spent on route run for drivingand service customers, and sales percustomer service stop were obtainedthrough personal interviews.

Total route costs, excluding overhead, ranged from about 4 to 21 percent of the value of route sales, averaging under 10 percent, well belowthe current commission rate of 20 percent in local wholesale houses. Actualcost data and performance rates were

used to develop break-even pointsfor route operations under differentroute density and sales-per-servicestop conditions.

HYBRID LILIES AND QUEL-(Continued from page 5)

55° Fahrenheit minimum, night. 60°Fahrenheit minimum, day.

6. Fertilizer: After growth hasstarted and roots are active feed withnitrogen — repeating application in10 days. Follow with a complete fertilizer after another 10 days. Continuethis feeding cycle until buds clear.

7. Watering: Uniform moisture isimportant. Excess water encouragesroot rot.

8. Pests: Botrytis and aphids arethe most serious pests. Prevention ismuch easier than curing, so start aregular control program as soon as thelilies emerge.

9. Bright sunlight after prolongeddull rays may cause sunburn or sun-scorch on the leaves. Shading willeliminate this.

YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO

DILLON RESEARCH FUND

SUPPORT

FLORICULTURE RESEARCH

at

PENN STATE

"GERMAN'S SEEDS GERMINATE'When you want your seeds in a hurryCall German's and you will never worry

— All Orders Shipped Return Mail —

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H. G.103 BANK STREET

— 13 —

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When you want the bestin seeds and service, call us . . .

A. Code 814 - 887-5567

PENNSYLVANIA FLOWER GROWERS

P.O. BOX 247

BULLETIN 242

AUGUST, 1971

CHALFONT, PA. 18914BULK RATE

U. S. POSTAGE

PAID

STATE COLLEGE. PA. 16801

PERMIT NO. 25

Thomas F. Cannon .Assoc.Prof.

Box 5216

North Carolina State University

Raiii:*h, N. C. 275J7

PENN STATE GERANIUM SCHOOLSWEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1971

HOLIDAY INN, WARRENDALE, PA.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1971

HOLIDAY INN, KING OF PRUSSIA, PA.PROGRAM DETAILS - NEXT ISSUE OF PFG BULLETIN

POT CHRYSANTHEMUM SCHOOL

OCTOBER 26-27, 1971

OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

WOOSTER, OHIO

TOUR AT YODER BROTHERS, OCTOBER 28

\-Tgj0