flat panel displays: 1. introduction
TRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint PresentationCollege of Optics & Photonics University
of Central Florida
Email: [email protected] Office: CREOL 280
Phone: 407-823-4763
College of Optics & Photonics CREOL & FPCE Photonics & Display Group UCF
2
Tentative Class Schedules 05/19: Introduction 05/21: LC materials 05/26: LCD I 05/28: LCD II 06/02: Lab I 06/04: Lab II 06/09: TR-LCD I 06/11: TR-LCD II 06/16: TFT I 06/18: TFT II 06/23: Special topic 06/30: Midterm 07/02: Special topic 07/07: Projection 07/09: e-Paper
07/14: LED I 07/16: LED II 07/21: OLED I 07/23: OLED II 07/28: PDP 07/30: FED 08/04: Final 08/06: Final
3
Homework: 30% Midterm: 30% Final: 40%
Reference: JH Lee, DN Liu, and ST Wu, Introduction to Flat Panel Displays (Wiley, 2008)
4
Main Objectives
Training for Ph.D. students: 1. Create new knowledge 2. Disseminate results
(written) 3. Communicate results (oral) 4. Defend your thoughts 5. Team approach
Team Assignment
Midterm: Team DebateMidterm: Team Debate
If you were a company CEO:If you were a company CEO:
1. Should you produce wideview NB computers? Team 1: Yes, & Team 2: No.
2.Which wide view LCD TV technology should you focus? Team 3: IPS, & Team 4: MVA.
3. Should you develop transflective or transmissive LCDs for cell phones/PDAs? Team 5: TRLCD, & Team 6: TLCD.
4. LED BLU is the technology trend for NB and TVs. Should you go for white LED or RGB LED approaches? Team 7: White LED, & Team 8: RGB.
7
Final Presentations: 8/4 & 8/6Final Presentations: 8/4 & 8/6
1.What is your favorite FPD technology? Justify. Each student will have 1520 minutes to present All students will score you based on the 5 presentation principles My score only counts for 50%.
5 presentation principles: 1. Impressive, 2. Exciting, 3. Entertaining 4. Informative, 5. Persuasive
8
Society award criteria 1. Research excellence 2. Presentation prowess 3. Leadership 4. Recommendation
Society Awards
IEEE/LEOS fellowship: 12 top students OSA NFB award: Top 7 students SPIE: Very generous
9
Research ExcellenceResearch Excellence
1. Select good research topics 2. Publish a few good papers 3. Quality vs. quantity 4. Book chapter? 5. Presentations: invited talks
10
present papers before you graduate
3. Invited talks carry more weight
Presentation Prowess
5 presentation principles: 1. Impressive, 2. Exciting, 3. Entertaining 4. Informative, 5. Persuasive
11
LeadershipLeadership
1st year: High GPA, Pass qualify; Join societies (LEOS, OSA, SPIE, SID etc) as a student member
2nd year: Serve as a student officer; Interact with eminent scholars; Publish 1-2 papers
3rd year: Take leadership; Apply for SPIE scholarship; Publish few more papers; Attend conferences
4th year: Compete for all awards
12
Nomination/RecommendationNomination/Recommendation 1. Select an eminent advisor who cares
for your future success. 2. Let your advisor know you more
than just your work! 3. Select your committee members 4. If you are really good, ask for
nomination!! Reputation takes time to build up.
5. Do not be depressed if you are not nominated. Everyone has different talents. Be self confident!
13
CoCo--authorshipauthorship
collaborators 3. Train your management
skills 4. Big difference between 1st
author and co-authors 5. 1st author gets major credit
TV Market Forecast
2009: LCD/PDP/CRT~73/15/12
15
A. Emissive Displays 1. Plasma Display Panel (PDP) 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3. Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) 4. Field Emission Display (FED)
B. Non-emissive Displays 1. Liquid crystal display 2. Electrophoretic Display (EPD) 3. Interferometric Modulation (iMOD)
C. Projection Displays 1. Transmissive/reflective LCDs 2. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3. Grating Light Valve
Plasma Display Panel (PDP)Plasma Display Panel (PDP)
16 Gas discharge→ UV → Phosphors →RGB lights
PN junction→ ElectronHole Recombination →Light emission
Wide applications: Displays and Lighting
18
Schematic of a 2layer OLED: 1. Cathode (−), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive Layer, 5. Anode (+)
19
(Flat CRT)
20
A. Emissive Displays 1. Plasma Display Panel (PDP) 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3. Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) 4. Field Emission Display (FED)
B. Non-emissive Displays 1. Liquid crystal display 2. Electrophoretic Display (EPD) 3. Interferometric Modulation (iMOD)
C. Projection Displays 1. Transmissive/reflective LCDs 2. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3. Grating Light Valve
Transmissive TFT-LCD
80 µm
240 µm
ElectrophoreticElectrophoretic Display (EPD)Display (EPD)
Positively charged white pigments and negatively charged black pigments in dielectric clear fluid are moved by applied electric field.
Ereader
24
A. Emissive Displays 1. Plasma Display Panel (PDP) 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3. Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) 4. Field Emission Display (FED)
B. Non-emissive Displays 1. Liquid crystal display 2. Electro-Phoretic Display (EPD) 3. Interferometric Modulation (iMOD)
C. Projection Displays 1. Transmissive/reflective LCDs 2. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3. Grating Light Valve
Transmissive/Reflective LCD ProjectorsTransmissive/Reflective LCD Projectors
25
TI DLP Projection Displays
Pico Projector
Grating Light Valve (1)
30
31
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Brightness: High (shadow mask CRT) to very high (PTV-CRT)
Contrast: Dark ambient: Excellent Bright ambient: Poor (Reflection: shadow mask) Resolution: Medium to high Long Life: >30,000 hours Low Cost: <$10/inch Bulky & heavy
Monochrome CRTMonochrome CRT
Shadow Mask CRTShadow Mask CRT
33
s3 electron beams
phosphor patternphosphor pattern
shadow maskshadow mask
s3 electron beams
Shadow Mask CRT and Beam LandingShadow Mask CRT and Beam Landing
34
35
36
Integrated gun
37
G2
38
39
Electron Beam Deflection (1) A static charge q in an electric field E
Electric Force FE= qE =ma (2) A moving charge q in a magnetic field B
Magnetic force FM = q v×B
(3) If q is moving through a region pervaded by both E and B, forces FE and FM on q occur concurrently.
F= qE + q v×B Mass spectrometer
Deflection CoilsDeflection Coils
41
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SEM picture of shadow mask for CRTSEM picture of shadow mask for CRT
42
43
adot
ah
av
Hexagonal
MASK
Phosphor Triad or Triplet Phosphor Triad or Triplet
Doubly curved shadow mask for 32Doubly curved shadow mask for 32”” 16:9 CPT16:9 CPT
44
Diaphragm
45
46
matrix
Panel
47
Secondary electrons
Phosphor grains
Electron beam
Aluminum mirror
Spectral Emission of CRT P22 PhosphorsSpectral Emission of CRT P22 Phosphors
48 Red: Y2O2S:Eu+Fe2O3; Green: ZnS:Cu,Al ; Blue: ZnS:Ag+CoonAl2O3
49 Typical color gamut: ~72% NTSC
52
1. EM radiation: Keep a proper viewing distance >85 cm
2. Ionizing Radiation Could generate Xray after ebeam bombardment of the shadow mask & phosphors
3. Toxicity: CRTs may contain toxic phosphors within the glass envelope. The glass envelopes of modern CRTs may be made from heavily leaded glass, which represent an environmental hazard.
4. Flicker: 6080 Hz 5. High Voltage Vacuum Tube 6. High power consumption
TV Market Forecast
Major FPD Technologies
Field Emission Display (FED)
Braun’s CRT: 1897
Principle of Deflecting e-Beam
Mask and Screen Structures
Principle of Beam Landing
Spectral Emission of CRT P22 Phosphors
Color Gamut of CRT (MNT)
CRT Projection
Email: [email protected] Office: CREOL 280
Phone: 407-823-4763
College of Optics & Photonics CREOL & FPCE Photonics & Display Group UCF
2
Tentative Class Schedules 05/19: Introduction 05/21: LC materials 05/26: LCD I 05/28: LCD II 06/02: Lab I 06/04: Lab II 06/09: TR-LCD I 06/11: TR-LCD II 06/16: TFT I 06/18: TFT II 06/23: Special topic 06/30: Midterm 07/02: Special topic 07/07: Projection 07/09: e-Paper
07/14: LED I 07/16: LED II 07/21: OLED I 07/23: OLED II 07/28: PDP 07/30: FED 08/04: Final 08/06: Final
3
Homework: 30% Midterm: 30% Final: 40%
Reference: JH Lee, DN Liu, and ST Wu, Introduction to Flat Panel Displays (Wiley, 2008)
4
Main Objectives
Training for Ph.D. students: 1. Create new knowledge 2. Disseminate results
(written) 3. Communicate results (oral) 4. Defend your thoughts 5. Team approach
Team Assignment
Midterm: Team DebateMidterm: Team Debate
If you were a company CEO:If you were a company CEO:
1. Should you produce wideview NB computers? Team 1: Yes, & Team 2: No.
2.Which wide view LCD TV technology should you focus? Team 3: IPS, & Team 4: MVA.
3. Should you develop transflective or transmissive LCDs for cell phones/PDAs? Team 5: TRLCD, & Team 6: TLCD.
4. LED BLU is the technology trend for NB and TVs. Should you go for white LED or RGB LED approaches? Team 7: White LED, & Team 8: RGB.
7
Final Presentations: 8/4 & 8/6Final Presentations: 8/4 & 8/6
1.What is your favorite FPD technology? Justify. Each student will have 1520 minutes to present All students will score you based on the 5 presentation principles My score only counts for 50%.
5 presentation principles: 1. Impressive, 2. Exciting, 3. Entertaining 4. Informative, 5. Persuasive
8
Society award criteria 1. Research excellence 2. Presentation prowess 3. Leadership 4. Recommendation
Society Awards
IEEE/LEOS fellowship: 12 top students OSA NFB award: Top 7 students SPIE: Very generous
9
Research ExcellenceResearch Excellence
1. Select good research topics 2. Publish a few good papers 3. Quality vs. quantity 4. Book chapter? 5. Presentations: invited talks
10
present papers before you graduate
3. Invited talks carry more weight
Presentation Prowess
5 presentation principles: 1. Impressive, 2. Exciting, 3. Entertaining 4. Informative, 5. Persuasive
11
LeadershipLeadership
1st year: High GPA, Pass qualify; Join societies (LEOS, OSA, SPIE, SID etc) as a student member
2nd year: Serve as a student officer; Interact with eminent scholars; Publish 1-2 papers
3rd year: Take leadership; Apply for SPIE scholarship; Publish few more papers; Attend conferences
4th year: Compete for all awards
12
Nomination/RecommendationNomination/Recommendation 1. Select an eminent advisor who cares
for your future success. 2. Let your advisor know you more
than just your work! 3. Select your committee members 4. If you are really good, ask for
nomination!! Reputation takes time to build up.
5. Do not be depressed if you are not nominated. Everyone has different talents. Be self confident!
13
CoCo--authorshipauthorship
collaborators 3. Train your management
skills 4. Big difference between 1st
author and co-authors 5. 1st author gets major credit
TV Market Forecast
2009: LCD/PDP/CRT~73/15/12
15
A. Emissive Displays 1. Plasma Display Panel (PDP) 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3. Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) 4. Field Emission Display (FED)
B. Non-emissive Displays 1. Liquid crystal display 2. Electrophoretic Display (EPD) 3. Interferometric Modulation (iMOD)
C. Projection Displays 1. Transmissive/reflective LCDs 2. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3. Grating Light Valve
Plasma Display Panel (PDP)Plasma Display Panel (PDP)
16 Gas discharge→ UV → Phosphors →RGB lights
PN junction→ ElectronHole Recombination →Light emission
Wide applications: Displays and Lighting
18
Schematic of a 2layer OLED: 1. Cathode (−), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive Layer, 5. Anode (+)
19
(Flat CRT)
20
A. Emissive Displays 1. Plasma Display Panel (PDP) 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3. Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) 4. Field Emission Display (FED)
B. Non-emissive Displays 1. Liquid crystal display 2. Electrophoretic Display (EPD) 3. Interferometric Modulation (iMOD)
C. Projection Displays 1. Transmissive/reflective LCDs 2. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3. Grating Light Valve
Transmissive TFT-LCD
80 µm
240 µm
ElectrophoreticElectrophoretic Display (EPD)Display (EPD)
Positively charged white pigments and negatively charged black pigments in dielectric clear fluid are moved by applied electric field.
Ereader
24
A. Emissive Displays 1. Plasma Display Panel (PDP) 2. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 3. Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED) 4. Field Emission Display (FED)
B. Non-emissive Displays 1. Liquid crystal display 2. Electro-Phoretic Display (EPD) 3. Interferometric Modulation (iMOD)
C. Projection Displays 1. Transmissive/reflective LCDs 2. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3. Grating Light Valve
Transmissive/Reflective LCD ProjectorsTransmissive/Reflective LCD Projectors
25
TI DLP Projection Displays
Pico Projector
Grating Light Valve (1)
30
31
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Brightness: High (shadow mask CRT) to very high (PTV-CRT)
Contrast: Dark ambient: Excellent Bright ambient: Poor (Reflection: shadow mask) Resolution: Medium to high Long Life: >30,000 hours Low Cost: <$10/inch Bulky & heavy
Monochrome CRTMonochrome CRT
Shadow Mask CRTShadow Mask CRT
33
s3 electron beams
phosphor patternphosphor pattern
shadow maskshadow mask
s3 electron beams
Shadow Mask CRT and Beam LandingShadow Mask CRT and Beam Landing
34
35
36
Integrated gun
37
G2
38
39
Electron Beam Deflection (1) A static charge q in an electric field E
Electric Force FE= qE =ma (2) A moving charge q in a magnetic field B
Magnetic force FM = q v×B
(3) If q is moving through a region pervaded by both E and B, forces FE and FM on q occur concurrently.
F= qE + q v×B Mass spectrometer
Deflection CoilsDeflection Coils
41
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SEM picture of shadow mask for CRTSEM picture of shadow mask for CRT
42
43
adot
ah
av
Hexagonal
MASK
Phosphor Triad or Triplet Phosphor Triad or Triplet
Doubly curved shadow mask for 32Doubly curved shadow mask for 32”” 16:9 CPT16:9 CPT
44
Diaphragm
45
46
matrix
Panel
47
Secondary electrons
Phosphor grains
Electron beam
Aluminum mirror
Spectral Emission of CRT P22 PhosphorsSpectral Emission of CRT P22 Phosphors
48 Red: Y2O2S:Eu+Fe2O3; Green: ZnS:Cu,Al ; Blue: ZnS:Ag+CoonAl2O3
49 Typical color gamut: ~72% NTSC
52
1. EM radiation: Keep a proper viewing distance >85 cm
2. Ionizing Radiation Could generate Xray after ebeam bombardment of the shadow mask & phosphors
3. Toxicity: CRTs may contain toxic phosphors within the glass envelope. The glass envelopes of modern CRTs may be made from heavily leaded glass, which represent an environmental hazard.
4. Flicker: 6080 Hz 5. High Voltage Vacuum Tube 6. High power consumption
TV Market Forecast
Major FPD Technologies
Field Emission Display (FED)
Braun’s CRT: 1897
Principle of Deflecting e-Beam
Mask and Screen Structures
Principle of Beam Landing
Spectral Emission of CRT P22 Phosphors
Color Gamut of CRT (MNT)
CRT Projection