FIRST AID

First Aid – the immediate, temporary First Aid – the immediate, temporary care given to a person who has care given to a person who has become sick or who has been become sick or who has been injured.injured.

EMERGENCY FIRST AID

If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 911. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

The following slides will provide specific information from The American Safety & Health Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.

CHECK THE SCENE AND THE VICTIM

Assess the situation and the immediate environment for possible danger to you and the victim

Tap victim on shoulder to see if conscious

If unconscious-have someone call 911 If by yourself position person on

his/her side and make the call yourselfCheck for breathing and pulse; if no

signs of breathing/pulse care for these conditions

GIVE CARE

Monitor the person’s condition – watch for changes in breathing and consciousness

Do NOT move the person unless there are nearby dangers, such as fire, poisonous gases, or downed power lines

Help the person rest comfortablyKeep the person from getting

overheated or chilled

BLEEDINGApply direct pressure to

the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used)

Elevate (do not further harm)

Pressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.

CARE FOR SHOCK Keep the victim laying

down (if possible). Elevate legs 10-12 inches…

unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones.

Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.

Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.

If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side.

Call 911.

BONES, JOINTS AND MUSCLE INJURIES

Usually not life-threatening Fractures – a break or crack in a

bone Closed fracture – bone doesn’t push

through skin Open fracture – bone pierces the

skin

CARE FOR FRACTURE

Fracture open – stop the bleeding. Using a dressing, apply pressure around the bone end that is piercing the skin.

DO NOT put pressure directly on the bone

DO NOT attempt to push the bone back through the skin

Immobilize the injured area Do not move the person unless it is

essential

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS

I-C-E

I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin.

C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight.

E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

I-A-C-T I - Immobilize area. Use pillows,

jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area.

A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), call 911.

C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide.

T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

WOUNDS

Four steps in apply first aid to wounds

1. Stop bleeding2. Protect wound from infection3. Treat victim for shock4. Seek medical care

WOUND TYPES

Five different types of wounds1. Abrasion – damage outer layers of skin2. Incision – may result in heavy bleeding

caused by knife or broken glass; can damage muscular and nerve tissue

3. Laceration – jagged, irregular tearing of skin; may have heavy bleeding; risk of infection and inner tissue damage

WOUND TYPES

4. Puncture – pin, splinter, or other pointed object pierces skin; external bleeding may be minimal; internal bleeding occurs

5. Avulsion – when tissue is separated form victim’s body

POISONING

Assess the scene for clues and safety.

Poisons can be swallowed, inhaled, injected or absorbed through the skin.

Get victim away from poison if necessary.

Provide care for any life threatening conditions.

POISONING Oral poisoning – Call a

poison control center or 911 Inhalation poisoning – Protect your safety first Remove the victim from

the area Victim is unconscious, tilt

the head back and check for breathing and pulse – give CPR

Victim is conscious, loosen clothing around neck and waist-watch victims breathing

POISONING

Contact poisoning Remove contaminated

clothing Flush the affected area

with large amounts of water

If rash develops apply calamine lotion

Contact doctor in cases of severe irritation, inflammation and pain

BURNS

Classified according to the degree of damage

First degree are surface burns –outer layer of skin is reddened and painful

Second degree extend through the outer layer of the skin, causing blisters and reddening

Third degree damages all the layers of the skin and the tissues underneath

BURN CARE

Three steps of Burn Care Stop the burning Cool the burn Cover the burn to prevent infection

RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES

Use CPR--for breathing failure, heart attacks and strokes [next slides]

Choking – if person can speak or cough, encourage them to keep coughing.

If person cannot cough or speak then perform the Heimlich maneuver

Heimlich maneuver is a techniquethat uses abdominal thrusts

to dislodge the object blocking the person airway

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR ABC’s

AIRWAY - Open the airway with the tilt-chin method.

Breath - give two breaths.

Check circulation.

If there is no pulse or breathing…..(next slide)

CPR Continued

… Perform chest compressions. 15 compressions and two breaths.

Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&15 Call 911.

RESCUE BREATHING

11 breath every breath every 55 seconds - 12 per seconds - 12 per minute.minute.

Compressions : ventilations = 15:2Compressions : ventilations = 15:2

REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:

The routine use of The routine use of appropriate appropriate barrier precautionsbarrier precautions to prevent to prevent skin and mucous membrane skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is individual may occur or is anticipated.anticipated.

Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions apply to apply to blood and to all other body fluids blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any with potential for spreading any infections.infections.

THE END

Division of Youth CorrectionsOffice of Quality Assurance