final workshop of the pilot study on agricultural policy … · 2019-11-05 · 2-3 october 2019...
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2-3 October 2019Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Final Workshop of the Pilot Study on Agricultural Policy Monitoring in six post-Soviet Countries
Agricultural policy monitoring and policy trends at global level
Signe Nelgen
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• Introduction: Building on experience
• Objective of agricultural policy monitoring at global level
• The Ag Incentives Consortium
• Global agricultural policy trends
• Conclusion
• Global agricultural policy monitoring in the future
Road Map
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- FAO in the 1970s: First systematic attempt at monitoring agricultural policies.
- OECD since 1987: Regular publication of the Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents.
Introduction: Building on experience
➢ Important input for dialogue on agricultural policy in OECD member countries
➢ FAO partnered with OECD to develop the methodology implemented by MAFAP at FAO
Source: OECD; 2019
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A country can be affected by:
own-country price-distorting policies
Large countries’ policies
Rest of world’s policies
What is the objective to estimate and compare agricultural policy indicators at global level?
Provide a methodology and tool to help analyzing political economy causes, and economic and welfare effects, of past policies & prospective alternatives
Objective of agricultural policy monitoring at global level
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Calculation of indicators that measure price and market distortions that affect the agricultural sector.
➢Comparable set of indicators for multiple countries and products.
➢Indicators can be aggregated, e.g. according to trade status, region, the agricultural sector, etc. (weighted or unweighted by production measures).
Objective of agricultural policy monitoring at global level
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Slide 74
When calculating the NRPs and NRAs, there are three possible outcomes:
Zero, resulting when producers or wholesalers receive a price equal
to the reference price.
Positive, resulting when producers or wholesalers receive a price higher
than the reference price.
Negative, resulting when producers or wholesalers receive a price lower
than the reference price.
=
+
-
Objective of agricultural policy monitoring at global level
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Members of the International Organisations Consortium for Measuring the Policy Environment for Agriculture:
• IDB
• IFPRI
• FAO
• OECD
• Word Bank
The Ag Incentives Consortium
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Country Coverage by the Ag-Incentives Consortium
Source: Ag-Incentives, 2019.
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The Ag Incentives Consortium (World Bank)
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Source: OECD; 2019
http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/topics/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation/
The Ag Incentives Consortium (OECD)
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Source: OECD; 2019
The Ag Incentives Consortium (OECD)
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Source: OECD; 2019
http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/topics/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation/
The Ag Incentives Consortium (OECD)
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Source: MAFAP, 2019.
The Ag Incentives Consortium (MAFAP)
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•Provide a system to monitor and analyze policies and their effects.
•Provide a forum for discussion aimed at raising the quality and coverage of the available measures.
•Implemented by partners in collaboration with national teams.
The Ag Incentives Consortium
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• Ensure data quality and agree on methodology
• Provide data and calculate indicators
• Identify data problems and inconsistencies and
propose steps to be taken to resolve them
• User friendly presentation of data on the website
Source: Ag-Incentives, 2019.
The Ag Incentives Consortium
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http://www.ag-incentives.org
Source: Ag-Incentives, 2019.
The Ag Incentives Consortium
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Clearly defined common indicators
Focus on price incentives
Expanding country coverage
Expanding product coverage
Coverage of a long time period
Improving methodology
Expanding set of indicators
Tool for policy analysis (SR and LR causes and effects)
The Objectives of the AgIncentives Consortium
The Ag Incentives Consortium
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Nominal Rate of Protection/Assistance, weighted averages, 1990-2015
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
nra world bank
nrp consortium
Sources: Author’s calculations based on Anderson and Nelgen (2013) and Ag-Incentives (2017).
The global agricultural policy environment
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Nominal Rate of Protection/Assistance, HIC and LIC, weighted averages, 1990-2015
Sources: Author’s calculations based on Anderson and Nelgen (2013) and Ag-Incentives (2017).
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
LIC WB
HIC WB
HIC Consortium
LIC Consortium
The global agricultural policy environment
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Nominal Rate of Protection/Assistance, by country, weighted averages, 2010-2015
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Arg
en
tin
aA
ust
ralia
Be
lize
Be
nin
Bra
zil
Bu
rkin
a Fa
soB
uru
nd
iC
anad
aC
hile
Ch
ina
Co
lom
bia
Co
sta
Ric
aD
om
inic
an R
epu
blic
Ecu
ado
rEl
Sal
vad
or
Eth
iop
iaEu
rop
ean
Un
ion
Gh
ana
Gu
ate
mal
aG
uya
na
Hai
tiH
on
du
ras
Ice
lan
dIn
dia
Ind
on
esi
aIs
rael
Jam
aica
Jap
anK
azak
hst
anK
en
yaK
ore
a, R
epu
blic
of
Mal
awi
Mal
iM
exi
coM
oza
mb
iqu
eN
ew Z
eala
nd
Nic
arag
ua
No
rway
Pak
ista
nP
arag
uay
Pe
ruP
hili
pp
ines
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tio
nR
wan
da
Sen
egal
Sou
th A
fric
aSr
i Lan
kaSu
rin
ame
Swit
zerl
and
Tan
zan
ia, U
nit
ed R
ep
ub
lic o
fTu
rke
yU
gan
da
Ukr
ain
eU
nit
ed
Sta
tes
of
Am
eri
caU
rugu
ayV
iet
Nam
Source: Author’s calculations based on Ag-Incentives (2017).
The global agricultural policy environment
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Nominal Rate of Protection/Assistance, Grains, HIC and LIC, weighted averages, 2005-2015
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
HIC Grains
LIC Grains
Source: Author’s calculations based on Ag-Incentives (2017).
The global agricultural policy environment
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Nominal Rate of Protection/Assistance, by product categories, weighted averages, 2010-2015
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
An
imal
Pro
du
cts
Fru
its
and
Veg
etab
les
Gra
ins
Oils
eed
s an
d P
rod
uct
s
Oth
er
HIC MIC LIC
Source: Author’s calculations based on Ag-Incentives (2017).
The global agricultural policy environment
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Nominal Rate of Protection/Assistance, by countries, 2006-2016
Source: Author’s calculations based on pilot study dataset (2019).
The global agricultural policy environment
Country 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Armenia na na 41 36 18 29 31 19 23 29 21
Azerbaijan 19 24 43 80 69 44 55 39 54 47 -4
Belarus na na 0 -13 -14 -26 -5 -18 -7 -8 -10
Georgia 44 7 13 44 9 8 12 6 22 13 13
Kyrgyzstan na na na na 48 39 44 24 48 59 53
Moldova -5 -16 -13 -14 -18 -19 -7 -23 -14 -11 -14
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
NR
P (
%)
Armenia Azerbaijan
Belarus Georgia
Kyrgyzstan Republic of Moldova
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
NR
P (
%)
Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus
Georgia Kyrgyzstan Republic of Moldova
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Wide cross-country dispersion within both high-income and developing country groups
Wide cross-product dispersion of NRPs within each country’s agric sector
Tendency of governments to react to international price fluctuations
Conclusion
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Continuously updated information/ database ◦ Comprehensive information for policy makers
◦ Valuable data source for researchers
Expansion of the information to include other indicators (e.g. NRA and ERP)
Research based on global datasets (e.g. using simple statistics, econometrics and PE/CGE modeling)
Global agricultural policy monitoring in the future
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Thank you for your attention!