final report- betterment of ehs conditions- daniyal

Betterment of EHS conditions, a case study of Pharmaceutical Industrial Project.

By

Muhammad Daniyal

A term paper submitted in the

fulfillment of the course requirement of

EM 502 Accounting and Financial Management

for the degree of

Masters in Engineering Management

specialization in

Construction Management

November 2015

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

KARACHI, PAKISTAN

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ABSTRACT

Construction sector through linkages affects about 40 building material industries, support investment and growth climate. According to the Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Construction Sector employs 4.1 million and ranked 5th in the number of employees but, ranked 3rd in most injury prone industry with alarmingly high injury rate of 14.1%. That means approximately 1 in 12 employed person is prone to injuries/diseases in construction industry.

Objective of this study includes studying effects of provision of safety equipment and training sessions on EHS condition of site, finding a relation between expenditure and training and suggesting a strategy and tentative budgets of future projects of similar magnitude. The project under study is under construction on a green field measuring 12.5 Acres with total construction area of about 1.5 million sq.ft. in Korangi, Karachi. The study was conducted during the period of eight months, from January, 2015 till August, 2015.

The primary data related to the expenditure, budget and trainings was gathered through the EHS Department of Contractor and Project Managers. Further, a survey was designed and conducted targeted towards labor. This survey highlights the outcomes of training sessions conducted by EHS Department.

The total planned manpower of contractor was 450 at peak and total expenditure done on provision of PPEs was PKR 384,500. Contractor's EHS team included 4 personnel at peak who works under the guidance of Project Manager’s EHS Department that forms the holistic EHS Plan for complete project. They conducted a total of 279 meeting during the study period in order to create awareness among workforce.

In order to measure the level of effectiveness of safety implementation measures Key Performance Indicators were selected and a Risk Priority Number Analysis was performed on the KPIs to calculate site safety index was calculated which ranges from 2 to 36 during study period with 0 being ideal.

From the graphical relation it was observed that since PPEs were routinely provided to the labor, the number of trainings and strength of EHS team was found directly proportional to site safety index, for further reinforcement of findings a survey was conducted with sample size of 30 which found that overall awareness of Site EHS Policy is up to satisfaction.

During the study period, combined cost of PPEs and Site Safety Equipment reached 2% of the total billed amount to adequately meet the requirements of safety standards. Therefore, it is recommended that for future projects of similar nature EHS Budget to be set between 2-3% of total project cost.

As a strategy for future projects it is also suggested to develop a strong EHS Monitoring team which must be enhanced with the enhancement of workforce and a system of trainings for creating awareness should be developed, the trainings should be planned in three phases as follows:

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Induction Training in order to brief new inductees on EHS procedures

Regular Trainings / Tool Box Talks in order to reinforce the concepts presented in induction trainings

Specialized Trainings on individual concepts of General Safety, Fire Hazards, Electrical Hazzard, Working at height and Working in confined space.

Further, general as well as job specific PPEs should be provided in timely manner and display signs should be installed for creating awareness.

Periodic safety survey of work force should also be conducted and specific trainings should be arranged in order to encounter deficiencies in training plans.

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INDEX1. INTRODUCTION 5

1.1. General 51.2. Scope 51.3. Objective 51.4. Methodology 6

2. BACKGROUND 72.1. Construction Sector of Pakistan 72.2. EHS Scenario in Pakistan 8

3. EHS IMPLEMENTATION AT PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT 83.1. Pharmaceutical Project 83.2. EHS Goals and Objectives 93.3. Personal Protective Equipment 93.4. Safety Awareness, Trainings and Meetings 103.5. Contractor’s EHS Team 113.6. Health & Safety Key Performance Indicators 113.7. Relation between Means and Awareness 14

4. SURVEY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SITE SAFETY AWARENESS 154.1. Survey Design 154.2. Survey Administration 154.3. Survey Analysis 16

5. COCNLUSION 175.1. Strategy 175.2. Budget 18

6. REFERNCES 19

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1. NTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERALThe safety of an ordinary construction worker is not considered on an absolute prime by majority of construction contractors in Pakistan. For several decades, Pakistani construction workers have been struggling to attain their basic right of health and safety on job and many of them lost their lives or sustained serious injuries due to unsafe conditions which could have been avoided by implementing basic safe work practices. The main problem in implementing safety standards is lack of regulations, budget and awareness.

However, this scenario is rapidly changing. With the introduction of mega projects, well-educated management and funding agencies along with allocation of separate budgets for EHS in projects of repute, the EHS conditions are deemed to be improved in the industry.

The essence of safe working lies with the change in mindsets of construction workers in light of working culture by constant training and provision of proper personal and site safety equipment to the workforce which should be well suited to the working conditions.

This study asses a relation between expenditure done by contracting firm on provision of personal and site safety equipment in contrast to the hours put in to the training and awareness session of workforce which resulted in better health and safety conditions of ongoing construction project of a Pharmaceutical Plant. The relation will help in preparing the strategy for better implementation of EHS practices and allocation of appropriate budgets for future projects.

1.2 SCOPEThe scope of this term paper is limited to the study of EHS conditions, implementation methods and provisions of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) on a Pharmaceutical Project under construction in Korangi, Karachi.

The study was conducted during the period of eight months, from January, 2015 till August, 2015 and all data stated corresponds to the same time period obtained through EHS department of respective Contractor and Project Managers except labor satisfaction survey which was formulated and conducted exclusively for this paper.

1.3 OBJECTIVESThe objective of this term paper is as follows:

Studying effects of provision of safety equipment and training sessions on EHS condition of site both mutually and exclusively.

Finding a relation between expenditure and training in betterment of EHS conditions. Suggesting a strategy and tentative budgets of future projects of similar magnitude.

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1.4 METHODOLOGYTwo types of sources were utilized to gather the information in order to substantiate the opinions as follows:

Primary Source: The primary data related to the expenditure, budget and trainings was gathered through the EHS Department of Contractor and Project Managers.

Further, a survey was designed and conducted targeted towards labor. This survey highlights the outcomes of training sessions conducted by EHS Departments through assessing the awareness level of safe working conditions, use of PPEs and obstacles in conducting best working practices.

Secondary Source: The secondary data was gathered by studying the prior research in the areas of EHS implementation in Pakistani Construction Industry and OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) US Department of Labor standards for construction industry. The information obtained from these sources will guide the direction of research and formulation of study.

2. BACKGROUND

2.1 CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF PAKISTANBy construction we mean realizing a structure in physical form utilizing materials with the help of machinery and manpower (Hassan, 2012). Generally the construction sector can be divided in to two categories, first is the residential construction (Housing) which involves individual private housing and the second is commercial construction which comprises of commercial plazas, industries, housing schemes etc.

In Pakistan mostly traditional approach of Design-Bid-Build system is adopted for private commercial projects. The design being done by architects/engineers and construction handled by Contractors with Project Managers managing the complete project some of the times.

The housing and construction sector provides substantial employment opportunities as it contributes through a higher multiplier effect with a host of beneficial forward and backward linkage in the economy. The sector through linkages affects about 40 building material industries, support investment and growth climate and helps reduce poverty by generating income opportunities for poor household (Raza, 2008).

According to the Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Construction Sector employs 4.1 million of total 56.25 million work force in the country.

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Table 1Employed – Distribution by Major Industry Division

*Others (includes mining & quarrying, electricity, gas & water, financing, insurance, real estate & business services and extraterritorial organizations and bodies), Source Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

2.2 EHS SCENARIO IN PAKISTANConstruction in developing countries, such as Pakistan and India, is more labor intensive than that in the developed areas of the globe, involving 2.5-10 times as many workers per activity (Farooqi et al, 2008) and the trade is ranked third among the most hazardous industries in Pakistan with high injuries, occupational diseases and fatality rates (Sci Int, 2014).

The advancement in technology had adversely affected the construction safety of developing countries. (Hafeez et al, 2015). If we look in to the data of Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Construction Industry ranked 5th in the number of employees but ranked 3rd in most injury prone industry with alarmingly high injury rate i.e. 14.1% of total workforce of 2.41 million, which reported some kind of injury at work. That means approximately 1 in 12 employed person is prone to injuries/diseases in construction industry.

Table 2Occupational Injuries/Diseases – Distribution of Employed Person by Major Industry Division

Currently, there is no independent regulation for occupational health and safety in Pakistan, The clause 7 of Labor Policy of 2010 dictates that:

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Major Industry Division 2013-2014 RankTotal Male Fe-MaleTotal 100 100 100Agriculture/Forestry/hunting & Fishing 43.5 34.2 74.0 1Manufacturing 14.2 14.7 12.3 3Construction 7.3 9.5 0.3 5Wholesale & Retail Trade 14.6 18.5 1.6 2Transport/Storage & Communication 5.5 7.1 0.2 6Community/Social & Personal Service 13.1 13.7 11.5 4Others 1.8 2.3 0.1 7

Major Industry Division 2013-2014 RankTotal Male Fe-MaleTotal 100 100 100Agriculture/Forestry/hunting & Fishing 51.2 46.5 86.4 1Mining & Quarrying 0.3 0.3 - -Manufacturing 14.2 14.9 9.2 2Electricity, Gas & Water 0.3 0.4 - -Construction 14.1 15.9 0.6 3Wholesale & Retail Trade 8.6 9.5 1.1 4Transport/Storage & Communication 7.5 8.4 0.2 5Financial, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services 0.1 0.1 - -

Community/Social & Personal Service 3.7 4.0 2.5 6

“The Labor Laws are quite complex, over-lapping, anomalous, and at times render the subject matter difficult to understand, besides creating confusion for those who deal with them. Further, the penalties prescribed for offences and non-compliance are very low, since some of these laws were framed during pre-independence period. The Labor Laws will be consolidated and rationalized into five core laws, viz;

i) Laws relating to industrial relations.ii) Laws relating to employment and service conditions.iii) Laws relating to occupational safety and health.iv) Laws relating to human resource development.v) Laws relating to labor welfare and social security. ”

Further, under clause 25 (Construction Labor) it is mentioned that since the construction sector is witnessing rapid expansion, health, safety and occupational hazards in this industry are likely to pose new challenges and problems. Therefore to guard the employed in this vital sector of the economy, the Government shall enact suitable legislation to ensure health and safety of construction workers and clause 31 (Health and Safety) substantiate the setup of A Tripartite Council on Health and Safety in order to identify health and safety hazards for workers of all economic sectors and to make recommendations for safety measures on a continuous basis which is yet to be materialized.

In the absence of measures as mentioned above the main law, which governs these issues, is the Chapter 3 of Factories Act, 1934 and The Hazardous Occupations Rules, 1963 under the authority of Factories Act. These rules specify some hazardous occupations and authorize the Chief Inspector of Factories to declare any other process as hazardous.

The major provisions in this act relates to operational hazards in manufacturing and mining industry which are not specifically tailored to construction industry.

3. EHS IMPLEMENTATION AT PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT

3.1 PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECTThe Pharmaceutical Project understudy is in construction stage located at Korangi Industrial Area, Karachi, on a green field measuring 12.5 Acres with total construction area of about 1.5 million sq.ft. The project is designed to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Drug Authority (FDA-USA) keeping environment, health and safety conditions on top priority.

The project consist of 3 Production Blocks, 1 Warehouse, 1 Utility Building along with Grid Station and Infrastructure works. The high level work break down structure of the project is as follows:

Figure 1High Level Work Break Down Structure of Pharmaceutical Project

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The scope of this study is limited to Package 1.1.1 Civil Works of Production Block A and Warehouse with construction area of about 0.56 million sq.ft.

The planned manpower of contractor at peak is 450 persons. The chart below shows average manpower of contractor at site for the period of study taken from daily manpower record supplied by the contractor.

Figure 2Average Manpower at Site

3.2 EHS GOALS AND OBJECTIVESThe companies associated with this project aims it to be a best example in effective initiation and implementation of safety, health and environmental programs on construction projects.

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Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-150

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

68 68

171

267

344368

274

424

The goals and objectives set in the project EHS Plan are as follows:

1. To achieve a Zero Injury rate for Injuries both ON and OFF the jobsite, for all personnel.2. To achieve Zero Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs)3. To achieve Zero traffic citations such as, unsafe driving practice warnings, speeding, etc.4. To maintain record for followings:

a. Loss Time Injury Frequency (LTI)b. Weekly HSSE Audits report.c. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition report.d. Emergency Drills conducted at site.e. Vehicle Accident record.f. Environmental Issue Record.g. Tool box Talk Record.

3.3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE & SAFETY EQUIPMENTAs per the record provided by the contractor, the total purchases made and issued to workforce till date on account of personal protective and site safety equipment is as follows:

Table 3Stock Sheet for Contractor’s Personal Protective Equipment

Description Purchased Issued BalanceUnit Rate

(PKR)

Qty. Amount Qty. Amount (PKR)

Qty. Amount (PKR)

1. Personal Protect EquipmentSafety Helmet Piece 220 340 74,800 190 41,800 150 33,000Safety Shoes Pair 850 395 335,750 245 208,250 150 127,500LEP-Light Eye Piece 175 300 52,500 150 26,250 150 26,250Earplug Packet 1,200 7 8,400 1 1,200 6 7,200Cotton Gloves Pair 20 3,000 60,000 2,200 44,000 800 16,000Welding Helmet Piece 1,240 35 43,400 25 31,000 10 12,400Dust Mask Packet 210 160 33,600 110 23,100 50 10,500Face Shield Piece 480 21 10,080 16 7,680 5 2,400Welding Gloves Pair 610 10 6,100 2 1,220 8 4,880Total 624,630 384,500 240,130

Table 4Month wise expenditure summary of Contractor’s Personal Protective Equipment

Table 5Expenditure summary of

Contractor’s Site Safety Equipment

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Month Expenditure Expenditure/Labor

Cumulative Total

(PKR) (PKR) (PRK)Jan-15 52,390 770 52,390Feb-15 15,390 997 67,780Mar-15 115,260 1,070 183,040Apr-15 52,630 883 235,670May-15 40,010 801 275,680

Jun-15 23,585 813 299,265Jul-15 21,110 1,169 320,375Aug-15 64,125 907 384,500Total 384,500 384,500

Description Unit Rate PurchasedUnits Amount

1. Site Safety EquipmentBarricading Tape Piece 300 17 5,100Fire Extinguisher (6kg-DCP) Piece 3,000 4 12,000Fire Extinguisher (6Kg-Co2) Piece 5,900 2 11,800First Aid Box Box 3,500 1 3,500Safety Signs (12” x 16”) Piece 120 19 2,280Total 34,680

3.4 SAFETY AWARENESS, TRAININGS AND MEETINGSSafety meetings on a construction project are an essential tool in continued development of a mutual understanding of safety objectives and programs. They provide an environment in which individual commitment, effort and ideas can be continuously correlated toward improvement in safety programs and achievements. There are three types of training and meetings which are mentioned in the safety plan of the project namely Induction Meetings, Tool Box Meetings and Specific Training Meetings.

Induction Meetings are the orientation meetings conducted by EHS representative in which groups of new employees are trained on the site safety rules and regulations, Tool Box Meetings are short sessions conducted with labor crews on daily basis in which general practices regarding safe and unsafe condition of works are briefed while Specific Trainings Meetings are conducted periodically with supervisory staff in which specific area of site safety protocol is highlighted and sufficient training is given regarding the selected topic as per the training plan.

The number of each of these training sessions held during the reporting period are as follows:

Table 6Summary of Safety Meetings and Trainings

Month Induction Meetings

Tool Box Meetings

Specific Training Meeting

Total

Jan-15 4 27 0 31Feb-15 0 24 0 24Mar-15 6 26 7 39Apr-15 10 26 7 43May-15 6 26 4 36Jun-15 4 26 6 36Jul-15 6 24 0 30Aug-15 6 26 8 40Total 42 205 32 279

3.5 CONTRACTOR’S EHS TEAM

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The contractor’s EHS Department consist of EHS In-charge and EHS Supervisors which directly report to him. The contractor’s EHS Department works under the guidance of Project Manager’s EHS Department which forms the holistic EHS Plan for complete project.

The EHS teams are responsible for monitoring daily site activities and record keeping in relation to the EHS Plan. The strength of contractor’s EHS team with respect to time are as follows:

Table 7Strength of Contractor’s EHS Team

Month EHS Personnel

Jan-15 2Feb-15 2Mar-15 2Apr-15 3May-15 4Jun-15 4Jul-15 4Aug-15 4

3.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Key indicators of safety performance (KPIs) are characterized as consisting of a set of selected measures that describe the level of effectiveness of the safety process. Leading indicators measure the building blocks of the safety culture of a project or company. When one or more of these measures suggests that any aspect of safety process is weak or weakening, intervention can be implemented to improve the safety process and thereby positively impact the safety process before any negative occurrences (injuries) are sustained (Rehan et al, 2014).

The key safety performance indicators considered during this study are:

1. First Aid Cases (which includes minor hand injuries, fever, abdomen pain, headache, loose motion, eye irritation etc.)

2. Major Injuries (which require hospitalization)3. Safety Warning Notices (incase the point of conflict is not resolved with the issuance of

unsafe condition notice)4. Work Stoppage Notices (issued when work is stopped due to unsafe conditions or

violation of safety rules)5. Near Misses (Incidents in which if care was not taken may result in greater loss).6. Unsafe Condition Notices

The record of occurrence of KPIs during the study period is as follows:

Table 8

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Record of KPIs

Month First Aid Case

s

Major Injurie

s

Safety Warnin

g Notices

Work Stoppag

e Notices

Near Misse

s

Unsafe Condition Notices

Total

Jan-15 0 0 0 0 0 4 4Feb-15 0 0 7 4 8 12 31Mar-15 15 0 18 12 3 4 52Apr-15 7 0 2 3 2 0 14May-15 5 0 6 2 0 1 14Jun-15 22 0 3 1 0 2 28Jul-15 16 0 0 0 0 0 16Aug-15 36 0 3 1 0 3 43Total 101 0 39 23 13 26 202

To arrive at a general site safety index in order to co-relate it with the means (PPEs) and awareness (safety meetings and trainings) a Risk Priority Number Analysis is performed on the above mentioned KPIs. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) methodology is a technique for analyzing the risk associated with potential problems. Past experience and engineering judgment of EHS team was utilized to rate each potential problem according to three rating scales:

1. Severity, which rates the severity of the potential effect of the occurrence. 2. Occurrence, which rates the likelihood that the failure will occur. 3. Detection, which rates the likelihood that the problem will be detected before it reaches

the conclusion.

A rating scale of 1 to 5 was adopted for RPN analysis, where 5 indicates that the failure is very likely to occur and is worse than 1, which indicates that the failure is very unlikely to occur. The specific rating criteria selected is as follows:

Table 9Rating criteria for RPN Analysis

Rating Description Criteria

1 Very Low or None Minor nuisance

2 Low or Minor Operations can be continued with reduced performance

3 Moderate or Significant

Gradual performance degradation

4 High Loss of function

5 Very High or Catastrophic

Safety related catastrophic failure

After the rating have been assigned RPN of each issue is calculated by the following formula:

RPN = Severity x Occurrence x Detection

Following are the RPN obtained after performing the analysis on KPIs.

Table 10

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RPN of KPIs

KPI Severity Occurrence Detection RPN

First-Aid Cases 3 3 3 18Major Injuries 5 1 4 20Safety Warning Notices 2 3 2 12Work Stoppage Notices 3 2 2 12Near Misses 3 1 4 12Un safe Condition Notices 2 4 1 8

The RPN of individual KPI thus obtained is utilized as nominator factor against maximum RPN for calculating weighted site safety index in relation to KPI with maximum RPN then multiplying by number of occurrences by the following modified form of formula original of which was used by Priyadarshani et al 2013:

Site Safety Index=RPN KPI 1

20No . of occurence of KPI 1 +

RPN KPI 2

20No .of occurence of KPI 2+

RPN KPIn

20No .of occurence of KPIn

This site safety index thus calculated for each month are as follows, It is to be noted that the site safety index is inversely proportional to EHS condition at site, more index is near to 0 better are the site safety conditions, where 0 is the absolute index which means desired site safety conditions.

Table 11Site Safety Indices

Month Site Safety Index

Jan-15 2Feb-15 16Mar-15 35Apr-15 11May-15 10Jun-15 23Jul-15 14Aug-15 36

3.7 RELATION BETWEEN MEANS AND AWARENESS

Since statistical co-relation techniques cannot be applied n such data therefore in order to assess the provisions which contributes towards better EHS conditions a relation is generated between means and awareness of EHS by plotting multiple axis graph. The expenditure per labor on personal protective equipment and the strength of EHS team constitute the means side as they both helps in implementing the EHS policy while the meetings and training

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sessions counts towards the awareness of EHS policy, Further an overall site safety index and manpower status provides the understanding of on ground condition of EHS policy based on key performance indicators.

From the graphical relation it is observed that since the PPEs are routinely provided to the labor, the number of trainings and strength of EHS team is directly proportional to site safety index as can be substantiated that in month of April-15 the site safety index was (11), number of trainings were (43) and

Figure 3Relation between Manpower, expenses on PPEs, EHS Team & Trainings

Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-150

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

68 68

171

267344 368

274

424

770

997 1,070

883

801 813

1,169

907 31

24

39

43

36 36

30

40

2

16

35

11 10

23

14

36

2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4

EHS team strength was increased to (3) which was (2) in previous months in comparison to the month of August-2015 where the site safety index was worst (36) of the whole study period, the number of safety trainings (40) provided was considerably less in comparison to the substantial increase in manpower (from 267 in April to 424 in August) which indicates that EHS team strength needs to be increased in months following August 2015 in order to achieve better site safety index.

4. SURVEY FOR ASSESMENT OF SITE SAFETY AWARENESS

4.1 SURVEY DESIGN

In order further reinforce the findings from data regarding the status of safety awareness. A survey was formulated to assess the understanding of EHS policy by the labor. The survey questionnaire was kept simple and designed in Urdu due to poor literacy rate of target population.

The questionnaire included 6 nominal questions related to safety awareness as follows:

1. Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working on sitea. Helmetb. Safety Shoes

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c. Both a & b (Correct)

2. Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working at heighta. Safety Harnessb. Helmet and Safety Shoesc. Both a & b (Correct)

3. What will happen in case of fire incident at site?a. A siren will be sounded (Correct)b. Your supervisor will tell you that there is a fire incidentc. You will not be informed

4. What will you do in case of fire incident at site?a. Try to fight the fireb. Do nothing and continue workingc. Reach the nearest assembly point (Correct)

5. What will you do in case you feel sick?a. Inform supervisor and continue workingb. Inform supervisor and seek medical help from EHS Office (Correct)c. Inform supervisor and leave the site

6. What will you do in case you find naked electrical wire on ground?a. Stop the work, inform supervisor and wait for instructions (Correct)b. Remove the wire from sitec. Do nothing and continue working

4.2 SURVEY ADMINSITRATION

With labor force of 400 personnel a sample of 30 was selected to conduct the survey, since the survey was administered in person therefore error percentage was kept at 5% which resulted in confidence interval of 7.5 with confidence level of 95%.

4.3 SURVEY ANALYSIS

The response received on the questionnaire are mentioned in the table below

Table 12Response of Questionnaire

Question Number of responses out of 30

%age of correct response

1.Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working on site a. Helmet 2

90%b. Safety Shoes 1c. Both a & b (Correct) 272.Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working at heighta. Safety Harness 3 73.34%

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b. Helmet and Safety Shoes 5c. Both a & b (Correct) 223. What will happen in case of fire incident at site?a. A siren will be sounded (Correct) 28

93.34%b. Your supervisor will tell you that there is a fire incident 2

c. You will not be informed 04. What will you do in case of fire incident at site?a. Try to fight the fire 6

80%b. Do nothing and continue working 0c. Reach the nearest assembly point (Correct) 245. What will you do in case you feel sick?a. Inform supervisor and continue working 4

80%b. Inform supervisor and seek medical help from EHS Office (Correct) 24

c. Inform supervisor and leave the site 26. What will you do in case you find naked electrical wire on ground?a. Stop the work, inform supervisor and wait for instructions 21

70%b. Remove the wire from site 6c. Do nothing and continue working 3

Overall %age of Correct Responses calculated by arithmetic mean 97.33%

From the response presented earlier with confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of 7.5 it was find out that the labor force is well aware of the EHS requirements for general working at site, fire incident and medical conditions as the percentages of correct responses is equal to or above 80% however more work is required in creating awareness for electrical hazards and working at height whose correct responses were below 80%. The overall awareness of Site EHS Policy is up to the satisfaction.

5. CONCLUSION

5.1 STRATEGY

According to the assessment of graphical relation, the betterment of safety conditions is mostly influenced by the strength of EHS monitoring team beside provision of PPEs and trainings based on which following strategy is suggested for future project.

Develop a strong EHS Monitoring team which needs to be retained for complete duration of project and must be enhanced with the enhancement of workforce.

Develop a system of trainings for creating awareness. The trainings should be planned in three phases as follows:

o Induction Training in order to brief new inductees on EHS procedureso Regular Trainings / Tool Box Talks in order to reinforce the concepts

presented in induction trainingso Specialized Trainings on individual concepts of General Safety, Fire Hazards,

Electrical Hazzard, Working at height and Working in confined space.

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Provide general as well as job specific PPEs in timely manner Install display signs creating awareness and motivating workforce for safe working

conditions. Conduct periodic safety survey of work force and arrange specific trainings to

encounter deficiencies in training plans.

5.2 BUDGET

During the study period a total of PKR 384,500 worth of PPEs and PKR 34,680 worth of Site Safety Equipment were utilized in the same period the total billing for works executed by contractor was PKR 23,909,680 making it 15.86% of total project cost. The combined cost of PPEs and Site Safety Equipment is 2% of total billed amount which is adequate to meet the requirements of safety standards set for this project. Therefore it is recommended for future projects of similar nature EHS Budget to be set between 2-3% of total project cost.

It is to be noted that this budget doesn’t include the cost of EHS monitoring team which will be on the parole of contractor’s management team.

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6. REFERNCES

Labor Force Survey 2013-14, Govt. of Pakistan, Bureau of Statistics

Labor Policy 2010, Govt. of Pakistan

Construction Safety Research in Pakistan: A Review and Future Research Direction, 7th International Civil Engineering Congress (ICEC-2015) “Sustainable Development through Advancements in Civil Engineering” June 12-13, 2015, Karachi, Pakistan. Hafiz Zahoor, Abert P.C. Chan, Rafiq M. Choudhry, Wahyudi P. Utama, Ran Gao.

Health, Safety and Environmental Practices in the Construction Sector of Pakistan, Syed Ahmed Hasan, 2012.

Investigation of Safety Performance Indicator on Construction Projects, Sci.Int. Rehan Masood, Babar Mujtaba, M. Ali Khan, Sajjad Mubin, Faizan Shafique, Hafiz Zahoor, 2014.

Role of Construction Sector in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy. First International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries ICCIDC–I) “Advancing and Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice” 2008, Raza Ali Khan.

Safety Performance in Construction Industry of Pakistan, First International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries ICCIDC–I) “Advancing and Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice” 2008, Rizwan U. Farooqi, Farukh Arif, S.F.A Rafeequi

Construction Safety Assessment Framework for Developing Countries: A Case Study of Sri Lanka, Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 18(1), 33–51, 2013, Kanchana Priyadarshani, Gayani Karunasena and Sajani Jayasuriya.

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final report- betterment of ehs conditions- daniyal

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