THE USE OF SLUDGE AND KENAF IN BRICK PRODUCTION WITH GREEN TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTPRESENTER:

KAMARUL ANUAR BIN NAZI 16DKA11F1016SHAHIDATUL SHAHIDAH BINTI NOR AHMAD 16DKA11F1024MOHAMMAD SYAUQI BIN MOHD EZMI 16DKA11F1115SUPERVISOR: EN MUHAMAD AIZAT BIN ZOLKOFLE

WHAT IS BRICK ?

BRICKBrick is a building material that is usually rectangular and made of inorganic materials that is hard and durable.

CLAY BRICKClay brick is one of the most hardy materials and have high durability.

PROBLEM STATETMENT

Produce sludge and kenaf brick with green technology concept.

Testing water absorption on sludge and kenaf brick.

Testing compressive strength on a sludge and kenaf brick.OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE OF STUDY Produce sludge and kenaf brick as an additive in size 215mm 100mm 65mm at Kilang Shin Tiong Lee Brick Industries Sdn. Bhd.MIXER MECHINEFROM MIXER TO COMPRESS

CUTTING MECHINEMOISTURE REMOVEOVEN PROCESSBRICK ALREADY

Work get sludge from Syarikat Air Darul Aman (SADA) and kenaf from Lembaga Kenaf Dan Tembakau Negara (LKTN).SLUDGEKENAF

Water absorption testing at Kilang Shin Tiong Lee Brick Industries. Sdn. Bhd. and compressive strength tests on each sample at PG & Concrete Soil Laboratory Sdn. Bhd.Water Absorption TestCompressive Strength Test

SLUDGESludge produced from the separation or sedimentation in water treatment, sludge consists of organic material and non-organic materials.

The physical characteristics of the sludge

Color - the new sludge is a liquid gray and cloudy while the old sludge somewhat brownish in color slightly.ii. Smell - it smells-like mud or clayiii. Temperature - sludge has a higher temperature than water.

WET SLUDGEDRY SLUDGE

CLAYThe most important of the properties for the clay to make clay brick is easy to formed and not experience a lot of shrinkage when heated or burned.

KENAFKenaf as green plants can help to preserve the environment as it is capable of absorbing carbon dioxide (CO ) is so high.

Kenaf fiber in the construction of brick used to give strength to the brick at the same make the brick more light.

Green Technology Green technology is the application of environmental science to conserve natural resources and to address the negative impact of human activities.

Green technology is a low-carbon technologies and more environmentally friendly than existing technologies.

When we use green technology, we use resources such as energy, water and so on minimally to produce a product .

Percentage of Material Used

MaterialWeight (kg)Percent (%)Sludge1.4160%Clay0.70530%Kenaf0.23510%

Water Absorption TestWater absorptive capacity may be specified by water absorption test. The high of brittleness that exists in brick also can affect the mechanical properties of brickwork especially in terms of strength. There are test was carried out:-

a) 5 hours boiling test

SAMPELDRY WEIGHT (kg)WET WEIGHT (kg)PERCENTAGE OF WATER ABSORPTION (%)1.2.32.67516.302.2.252.615.563.2.42.7514.584.2.4252.82516.495.2.42.816.676.2.42.816.677.2.452.92519.398.2.152.57519.779.2.3252.7515.4510.2.352.77518.09Total168.97Average16.90

Base on experiment, average rate of water absorption is 16.9%. Based on BS 3921 : 1974, there was no limit for water absorption for clay brick. So, the brick that we produce was pass for standard.

Compressive StrengthFor this compressive strengthexperimentwas based onBS 3921 : 1985.Equipment usedfor this experiment was plywoodas thick as3mmand TONIPACTmachine. Thisexperiment purposeto carried outcompressive strengthonsludge brick.

SAMPELDIMENSION (mm)MAXIMUM LOAD (KN)WEIGHT (kg)COMPACTION AREA (mm2)COMPACTION STRENGHT (N/mm2) LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT1215100651462.250208727.02215100651542.325208727.43215100651632.590208727.84215100651512.555208727.2TOTAL29.4AVERAGE7.35

Based on experiment, average of compressive strength was 7.35 N / mm. Based on BS 3921 : 1974, range of compressive strength for clay brick was 5 N / mm. so, that brick we produce pass standard.

Problems RelatingSampleUNFLATTEN SURFACE

There is a problem that occurs on brick samples that have produced the brick surface that looks ribbed or non smooth. This is because the content of kenaf fiber is used in the production of samples. It takes place during the cutting process is done where kenaf samples found in brick attached to a wire that is used to cut the sample. The smooth surface of the sample may be generated if replace kenaf fiber to kenaf core.

IRREGULAR BRICK HEIGHT

This is because the length of the existing wire cutter in Factory Shin Tiong Lee Brick Industry Sdn Bhd, which is not the same. Most likely this is the case because of lack of maintenance of cutting machines. Wire looks slack and not straight will cause brick thickness produced are different.

CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, all objective have been reached.

Where the first objective is produce sludge and kenaf brick with the green technology concept.

Then the second objective is testing water absorption on sludge and kenaf brick.

Lastly, testing compression strength on sludge and kenaf brick.

RECOMMENDATIONExpanding the use of sludge and kenaf

Extending the research

Conduct studies on the characteristics of the sludge

Conduct a studies of sludge and kenaf as a substitute

Replacing soil with sludge on decorative plants

Sludge as fertilizer for various plants

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