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FerrariFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, searchThis article is about the a utomobile manufacturer. For other uses, see  Ferrari(disambiguation).

Coordinates:  44°31′57″N 10°51′51″E / 44.532447°N 10.864137°E / 44.532447; 10.864137

Ferrari S.p.A.

Type Società per azioni

Industry Automotive

Founded 1947 (historical 1929)

Founder(s) Enzo Ferrari

Headquarters Maranello, Italy

Key people

Luca di Montezemolo

Chairman

Piero Ferrari

Vice Chairman

Amedeo Felisa

CEO

Products Sports cars

Production output 6,573 units (2010)[1]

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Revenue € 1,919 million (2010)[1]

Owner(s) Fiat S.p.A. 90%[1]

Employees 2,721 (2010)[1]

Parent Fiat S.p.A .

Website Ferrari.com

Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian sports car  manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded byEnzo Ferrari in 1929, as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored drivers and manufacturedrace cars before moving into production of street-legal vehicles as Ferrari S.p.A. in 1947.

Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing,especially in Formula One, where it has had great success.

Contents[hide]

• 1 History

• 2 Motorsport

○ 2.1 Scuderia Ferrari

○ 2.2 Race cars for other teams

• 3 Road cars

○ 3.1 Current models

○ 3.2 Supercars

○ 3.3 Concept cars andspecials

○ 3.4 Bio-fuel and hybridcars

○

3.5 Naming conventions• 4 Identity

○ 4.1 Colour 

• 5 Corporate affairs

○ 5.1 Technical partnerships

○ 5.2 Sales history

• 6 See also

• 7 Notes

•

8 References• 9 External links

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HistoryMain article: History of Ferrari

Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari (literally"Ferrari Stable", and usually used to mean "Team Ferrari", it is correctly pronounced [ skude

ˈriːa ]) in 1928 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared,and successfully raced, various drivers in Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was hired byAlfa Romeo to head their motor racing department.

In 1941, Alfa Romeo was confiscated by the fascist government of Benito Mussolini as partof the Axis Powers' war effort. Enzo Ferrari's division was small enough to be unaffected bythis. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for four years, the Scuderia briefly

 became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraftaccessories. Also known as SEFAC (Scuderia Enzo Ferrari Auto Corse), Ferrari did in fact

 produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period. It was the first actualFerrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to World War II it saw littlecompetition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed by the Allies in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946, after the war ended,and included a works for road car production. Until Il Commendatore 's death, this wouldremain little more than a source of funding for his racing operations.

166MM Barchetta 212/225

The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo Ferrarireluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund Scuderia Ferrari.[2]

In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversaw the launch of the Ferrari F40, the last new Ferrari to belaunched before his death later that year, and arguably one of the most famous supercars ever made. From 2002 to 2004, Ferrari introduced the Enzo, its fastest model at the time, in honor of the company's founder: Enzo Ferrari. It was restricted to only the most wealthy automobileenthusiasts, however, as each one cost $1.8 million apiece.

On 17 May 2009 in Maranello, Italy, a 1957 250 Testa Rossa (TR) was auctioned, by RMAuctions and Sotheby's, for $12.1 million — a world record at that time for the mostexpensive car ever sold at an auction. That record is now held by a Bugatti Atlantic whichsold for over $28 million. [3]

Motorsport For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see  List of Ferrari competition cars.

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Ferrari 312T2 Formula One car driven by  Niki Lauda

Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in arange of categories including Formula One and sports car racing through its ScuderiaFerrari sporting division as well as supplying cars and engines to other teams and for onemake series.

The 1940 AAC 815 was the first racing car to be designed by Enzo Ferrari, although itwas not badged as a Ferrari model.

Scuderia Ferrari

Main article: Scuderia Ferrari

Scuderia Ferrari has participated in a number of classes of motorsport, though it iscurrently only involved in Formula One. It is the only team to have competed in theFormula One World Championship continuously since its inception in 1950. José FroilánGonzález gave the team its first F1 victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix.

Scuderia Ferrari won a Formula One driver's title in 2007, with Kimi Räikkönen.

Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is theoldest team in the championship, and the most successful: the team holds nearly everyFormula One record. As of 2008[update]  , the team's records include 15 World DriversChampionship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001,2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007) 16 World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964,

1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007 and2008), 209 Grand Prix victories, 4925.27 points, 622 podium finishes, 203 pole positions,and 218 fastest laps in 776 Grands Prix contested.

 Notable Ferrari drivers include José Froilán González, Tazio Nuvolari, Marcin ZatorskiJuan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Wolfgang von Trips, Phil Hill,Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins, Giancarlo Baghetti, John Surtees,Lorenzo Bandini, Ludovico Scarfiotti, Jacky Ickx, Mario Andretti, Clay Regazzoni, NikiLauda, Carlos Reutemann, Jody Scheckter , Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Patrick Tambay, René Arnoux, Michele Alboreto, Gerhard Berger , Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost,Jean Alesi, Eddie Irvine, Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher , Kimi Räikkönen,Felipe Massa, and Fernando Alonso.

At the end of the 2006 season, the team courted controversy by continuing to allowMarlboro to sponsor them after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise to

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end sponsorship deals with tobacco manufacturers. A five year deal was agreed andalthough this is not due to end until 2011, in April 2008 Marlboro dropped their on-car 

 branding on Ferrari.

The drivers competing for 2009 were Felipe Massa and defending champion KimiRäikkönen. As of 2010 Fernando Alonso has started racing for Ferrari after racing for 

Renault, Minardi and Mclaren, filling Kimi Räikkönen's former seat.

A 312PB (driven by Jacky Ickx) during the team's final year in the World Sportscar Championship.

In addition to Formula One, Ferrari also entered cars in sportscar racing, the two programs existing in parallel for many years.

In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a 166 M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, the 24 Hoursof Le Mans. Ferrari went on to dominate the early years of the World Sportscar Championship which was created in 1953, winning the title seven out of its first nineyears.

When the championship format changed in 1962, Ferrari earned titles in at least one class

each year through to 1965 and then again in 1967. Ferrari would win one final title, the1972 World Championship of Makes before Enzo decided to leave sports car racing after 1973 and allow Scuderia Ferrari to concentrate solely on Formula One.

During Ferrari's seasons of the World Sportscars Championship, they also gained morewins at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the factory team earning their first in 1954.Another win would come in 1958, followed by five consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964. Luigi Chinetti's North American Racing Team (NART) would take Ferrari's final victoryat Le Mans in 1965.

Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they haveoccasionally built various successful sports cars for  privateers. These include the BB 512LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won the IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s, and

currently the F430 GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning championships in their respective classes.

Race cars for other teams

Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from itsown works Scuderia Ferrari team.

In the 1950s and 60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private entrantsand other teams. One famous example was Tony Vandervell's team, which raced theThinwall Special modified Ferraris before building their own Vanwall cars. The  NorthAmerican Racing Team's entries in the final three rounds of the 1969 season were the lastoccasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered a World ChampionshipGrand Prix with a Ferrari car.[4]

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Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the2008-09 season.[5] The car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the2004 Ferrari Formula one car.

The 599 GTB Fiorano and F430 GT are used in GT racing series. The Ferrari Challenge is a one make racing series for the Ferrari F430. Ferrari's latest supercar, the 2006 FXX is

not road legal, and is therefore only used for track events.

Road cars For a complete list, including future and concept car models, see  List of Ferrari road cars.

Ferrari 166 Inter Coupe Touring

Current models

California 458 Italia 599 GTB Fiorano FF

• Grand

tourer • V8 engine

• Sports car 

• Mid engineV8

• Grand

tourer • V12 engine

• Grand tourer 

• 4WD V12shooting- brake

Ferrari's first vehicle was the 125 S sports/racing model. In 1949, the Ferrari 166Inter , the company's first move into the grand touring market, which continues to

make up the bulk of Ferrari sales to the present day.

Several early cars featured bodywork customised by a number of coachbuilders suchas Pininfarina, Zagato and Bertone.

The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used inmost Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although theylooked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial wereclosely related to the 308 GTB.

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current612 Scaglietti and California.

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Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973.The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.

Supercars

Enzo Ferrari

The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market. The 1962 250 GTO may be considered the first in the line of Ferrari supercars, which extends to therecent Enzo Ferrari and FXX models.

Concept cars and specials

Ferrari P4/5

Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as the Ferrari Mythos. Whilesome of these were quite radical (such as the Ferrari Modulo) and never intended for 

 production, others such as the Ferrari Mythos have shown styling elements whichwere later incorporated into production models.

The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the 2010Ferrari Millechili.

A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced,some of which have been commissioned by wealthy owners. One of the examples is

the Ferrari P4/5.

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The Special Projects program is a collaboration by Ferrari with Italian automobilecoachbuilders such as Fioravanti, Pininfarina, and Zagato to build custom cars usingselected Ferrari models as a structural base. The first car under this program is theSP1, commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second is the P540Superfast Aperta, commissioned by an American enthusiast.

Bio-fuel and hybrid cars

Ferrari has considered making hybrids. A F430 Spider that runs on ethanol wasdisplayed at the 2008 Detroit Auto Show. Ferrari has announced that a hybrid will bein production by 2015. At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Ferrari unveiled a hybridversion of their flagship 599. Called the "HY-KERS Concept", Ferrari's hybridsystem adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano's 612 HP.[6]

Naming conventions

Until the early 1980s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based onengine displacement:

•

V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first twodigits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6 powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8, although, for the F355, the lastdigit refers to 5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the 360 Modena, thedigits for V8 models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer onlyto total engine displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name hascarried on to the current V8 model, the F430. The F430's replacement, however,is the 458 Italia, which uses the same naming as the 206 and 348.

• V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder.Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4390 cc V12. However, some newer V12-engined Ferraris, such as the 599, have three-number designations that refer 

only to total engine displacement.• Flat 12 (boxer) models used the displacement in litres. Therefore, the BB 512 was

five litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the originalBerlinetta Boxer was the 365 GT4 BB, which was named in a similar manner tothe V12 models.

• Halo Car F followed by the anniversary in years, such as the F40 and F50. TheEnzo skipped this rule, but it will return in the upcoming F70.

• Some models, such as the 1980 Mondial and the 1984 Testarossa did not follow athree-number naming scheme.

612 Scaglietti Sessanta Edition

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Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general,the following conventions were used:

• M ("Modificata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modifiedversion of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see F512 M and 575 MMaranello).

• GTB ("Gran Turismo Berlinetta") models are closed Berlinettas, or coupes.

• GTS ("Gran Turismo Spyder") in older models, are open Spyders (spelt "y"), or convertibles (see 365 GTS/4); however, in more recent models, this suffix is usedfor  targa top models (see Dino 246 GTS, and F355 GTS; the exception being the348 TS, which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models nowuse the suffix "Spider" (spelt "i") (see F355 Spider , and 360 Spider ).

• GTO ("Gran Turismo Omologata"), placed at the end of a model's number,denotes a modified version of its predecessor. Indeed, those three lettersdesignate a model which has been designed and improved for racetrack use whilestill being a street-legal model. Only three models bear those three letters; the 250

GTO of 1962, the 288 GTO of 1984 and the 599 GTO of 2010.

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used thesame engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (likeDaytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factorynames. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in the February1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330 P4.[7] Only in the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a365 GTB/4 model run by NART (who raced Ferrari's in America) ran second, behinda Porsche 911.[8]

The various Dino models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and weremarketed as Dinos by Ferrari and sold at Ferrari dealers—for all intents and purposes

they are Ferraris.In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a

 practice abandoned after the F512 M and F355, but adopted again with the F430).

Identity

Count Francesco Baracca

The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is the Cavallino Rampante ("prancinghorse") black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian nationalcolors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood (see pictureabove), and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings,

close to the door.

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On 17 June 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where hemet the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italianair force and national hero of World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that itwould bring him good luck. The original "prancing horse" on Baracca's airplane was

 painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow  background as this is thecolor of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very

 beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the mostnoticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward.

Ferrari has used the cavallino rampante on official company stationery since 1929.Since the Spa 24 Hours of 9 July 1932, the cavallino rampante has been used on AlfaRomeos raced by Scuderia Ferrari.

The motif of a prancing horse is old, it can be found on ancient coins. A similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart, home of Mercedes-Benz and the design bureau of Porsche, both being main competitors of Alfa and Ferrari in the 1930s. The city's name derives from Stutengarten, an ancientform of the German word Gestüt , which translates into English as stud farm and intoItalian as scuderia. Porsche also includes the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo,centred in the emblem of the state of Württemberg. Stuttgart's Rössle has both rear legs firmly planted on the soil, like Baracca's horse, but unlike Ferrari's cavallino.

Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati motorbikes, as Taglioniwas born at Lugo di Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilotduring WWI (although not part of Baracca's squadron, as is sometimes mistakenlyreported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a

 private agreement between the two companies.

Austrian Fuel Stations

The cavallino rampante is the visual symbol of Ferrari. Cavallino Magazine uses thename, but not the logo. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, anAustrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo

which is nearly identical to Ferrari's, as does Iron Horse Bicycles.Colour

Main article:  Rosso corsa

Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of  Alfa Romeo, Maserati and later Ferrari andAbarth were (and often still are) painted in "race red" ( Rosso Corsa). This was thecustomary national racing color of Italy, as recommended between the World Wars

 by the organizations that later would become the FIA. It refers to the nationality of the competing team, not that of the car manufacturer or driver. In that scheme,French-entered cars like Bugatti were blue, German like Benz and Mercedes white(since 1934 also bare sheet metal silver ), and British green such as the mid-1960s

Lotus and BRM, for instance.

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Curiously, Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees bycompeting the last two races in North America with cars painted in the US-Americanrace colors white and blue, as these were not entered by the Italian factorythemselves, but by the U.S.-based  North American Racing Team (NART) team. Thiswas done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing

Authorities regarding the homologation of a new mid-engined Ferrari race car.

Corporate affairsIn 1963, Enzo Ferrari was interested in selling to the Ford Motor Company. Fordspent millions of dollars to audit Ferrari's assets and legal negotiations only to haveFerrari unilaterally cut off talks at a late stage. If the deal went through Ferrari wouldnot be allowed to race at the Indianapolis 500. Henry Ford II, enraged, directed hisracing division to negotiate with Lotus, Lola, and Cooper to build a car capable of 

 beating Ferrari on the world endurance circuit. As a result, production of the FordGT40 started in 1964 and the car managed to beat Ferrari for 4 years in a row at the24 Hours of Le Mans, from 1966 to 1969.

In 1969, FIAT purchased controlling interests in Ferrari and Lancia and also made a buy back of 29% in Ferrari for $800m in 2006.

Ferrari also has an internally managed merchandising line that licenses many products bearing the Ferrari brand, including eyewear, pens, pencils, electronicgoods, perfume, cologne, clothing, high-tech bicycles, watches, cell phones, and evenlaptop computers.

Ferrari also runs a museum, the Galleria Ferrari in Maranello, which displays roadand race cars and other items from the company's history.

Technical partnerships

Ferrari has had a long standing relationship with Shell Oil. It is a technical partnership with Ferrari and Ducati to test as well as supply fuel and oils to theFormula One, MotoGP and World Superbike racing teams. For example, the Shell V-Power premium gasoline fuel has been developed with the many years of technicalexpertise between Shell and Ferrari. [9]

Ferrari have had agreements to supply Formula One engines to a number of other teams over the years, and currently supply Scuderia Toro Rosso and Sauber F1 Team.

Sales history

Year Sales to end customers (number of type-approved vehicles)

1 2 3 4 5 6 12

1999[10] 3,775

2000[11] 4,070

2001[12] 4,289

2002[13] 4,236

2003[14] 4,238

2004[15] 4,975

2005[16] 5,409

2006[17] 5,671

2007[18] 6,465

2008[19] 6,587

2009[20]

6,250   1929: Enzo Ferrari founds Società Anonima Scuderia Ferrari to buy and race

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  1940: Enzo Ferrari ends his association with Scuderia Ferrari and establishes

 Auto Avio Costruzione, which was initially involved in making aircraft engines.

  1947: The design and manufacture of Ferrari sports cars begins.

  1960: Company is restructured as a public company and incorporated under thename Società Esercizio Fabbriche Automobili e Corse Ferrari--SEFAC S.p.A.

Early 1960s:Ford agrees to purchase the company but the deal falls apart.

  1965: Company is renamed Ferrari S.p.A. Esercizio Fabbriche Automobili e

Corse.

  1969: Fiat purchases 50 percent interest in Ferrari and takes control of 

passenger car operation; Enzo Ferrari retains other 50 percent and maintains control

of motor racing operation.

  1988: Enzo Ferrari dies; Fiat increases its stake in Ferrari to 90 percent.

  1989: Company is renamed Ferrari S.p.A.

  1992: Luca Cordero di Montezemolo is hired to head Ferrari, and launches

massive overhaul.

  1997: Fiat sells 50 percent stake in Maserati to Ferrari, which gains management

control over Maserati.  1999: Ferrari gains full ownership of Maserati.

Read more: Ferrari S.p.A. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description,History, Background Information on Ferrari S.p.A. 

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