FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPROVEMENT IN INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AMONG HIGH-RISK POPULATION GROUPS IN INDIAAkash Porwal1, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra1, Narender Kande2, Niranjan Saggurti1

1Population Council, New Delhi; 2Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

20th International AIDS Society ConferenceMelbourne, Australia (20–25 July 2014)

Community mobilization intervention in Avahan

• Mapping• Outreach• Health clinics• Drop-in centers• Committees

• Crisis response• Entitlements• Advocacy

• Capacity-building activities• CBO development

HRG interventions

Structural interventions

Organizational development

Participation & engagement in…

Community-based organizations’ (CBOs) capacity building

• Leadership• Organizational Management• Networking• Fund raising• Project management

Measurement of CBO performance

• Program monitoring data on performance parameters is documented starting April 2012

Leadership Governance

Project Manageme

nt

Community

Mobilization

Organization

development

Resource Mobilizatio

n

Savings , loans &

insuranceAdvocacy

for HIV services

Entitlements

Crisis response system

Measurement of CBO performance: Data collection

103 CBOs

2 million estimated key populations

covered

• Quarterly collection across 4 states of India

• 25 indicators across 6 domains

• Performance of CBO is assessed by assigning weights (score) to each indicator

Measurement of CBO performance

Score for different indicators was calculated as follows:• Indicators which were

related to achievement in terms of CBO member numbers or estimated population; target was calculated by dividing achievement with estimated population

• For remaining indicators, targets were decided a priori. A score of “1” was assigned if target is achieved; otherwise “0” was assigned to the indicator

Maximum scores of different domains of community mobilization

DomainWeigh

t%

Maximum

weighted score

Organizational development

25 5.1

Resource mobilization

25 5.3

Savings, loan, and insurance

15 3.2

Advocacy for HIV services

10 2.1

Entitlement 15 3.2

Crisis response system

10 2.1

Total 100 21.0

Research hypotheses

• Progress in organizational development over time is likely dependent on:– Duration of CBOs registration (<5 years, 5+

years)– Size of CBO membership (<1500, 1500+

members)– Location of CBO (Rural/urban)– Implementing any targeted intervention

program (Yes/No)

Overall progress and performance of CBOs

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

4.86.2

9.4 10.08.6

10.2 11.1

21.00

Score achieved Maxmim score

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

5.30

1.11.6

2.6 2.7

1.4

2.53.0

Resource mobilization

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5

3.20

Savings, loan & insurance

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

0.81.0

1.7 1.7 1.71.8

1.8

2.10

Advocacy for HIV services

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

1.0 1.21.6

1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2

3.20

Entitlements

Domain wise overall performance of CBOs

Resources mobilized by CBOs83%

in Q1 2014

24% in Q2 2012†

Increasing numbers of CBOs are raising

funds from external

resources

Around 91 CBOs in 4 Indian states raised project funds

of

INR 35 million‡

+INR 700,000

generated in membership/user fees

5.5*

2011–12

13.5*2012–13

16.8*2013–14

†n=104; *Figures in million INR. ‡USD 1=INR 58.

Source for figures: Population Council and Praxis, unpublished. Avahan MIS data. New Delhi, India.

Performance of CBOs based on size

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

5.6 5.8

8.1 8.3 7.97.1

8.46.07.3

9.510.7

9.6 9.3

11.2

Membership less than 1500 Membership 1500+

P=0.001

Performance of CBOs based on location

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

4.45.8

8.4

9.38.5 8.5 9.2

6.16.3

8.58.8 8.3 7.4

8.3

Rural Urban

P=0.003

Performance of CBOs based on duration of registration

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

6.37.2

9.310.5

9.18.3

9.3

5.4 5.7

8.1 8.2 8.0 7.6 8.1

More than 5 years Less than 5 years

Performance of CBOs based on implementation of TI

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

4.85.5

7.6 8.1 7.77.0 7.2

7.1 7.2

9.210.2

9.2 8.710.3

Not implementing any TI Implementing TI

Summary

• Systematic capacity building of CBOs have shown results in improved performance of CBOs.

• Larger CBOs perform better compared to smaller CBOs.

• However, the duration of the CBO’s existence has no association with the performance.

• Moreover, resource mobilization is key to the success of a CBO.

Acknowledgements

Avahan, the India AIDS initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

For more information: Akash Porwal,

aporwal@popcouncil.org THANK YOU!

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