FUNCTİON

Blood carries the following to the body tissues:

• Nourishment.• Electrolytes.• Hormones.• Vitamins.• Antibodies.• Heat• Oxygen.

FUNCTİON

Blood carries the following away from the body tissues:

Waste matter.

Carbon dioxide

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

Components Functions

Water (90%) Solvent for other substances

Ions ( calcium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate)

Osmotic balance,pH buffereing (7.4) ,Maintaining ion concentration of interstitial fluid.

Plasma proteins;FibrinogenImmunoglobulins Albumin

Osmotic balance and pH bufferingClottingDefenseMakes the blood viscous

PLASMA (55%)

Cellular elements (45%)Cell type Number

per L (mm3) of blood)Functions

Transport of O2 and some CO2

5–6 million

Red blood cells(erythrocytes)

White blood cells(leukocytes)

5,000–10,000 Defenseand immunity

Platelets 250,000–400,000

Blood clotting

BasophilsEosinophils

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils Monocytes

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTROCYTES)

Increase surface area; allows more oxygen to diffuse in and out of the cells.

Red blood cells do NOT have a nucleus; allows more room within the cells for hemoglobin.

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)

WHİTE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)

5 major types;

FUNCTİONS

Function inside and outside the circulatory system and fight infections and cancer.

They can be put into two main groups:1. phagocytes or macrophages

2. lymphocytes

PHAGOCYTES

Phagocytes move through the body’s tissues destroying pathogens and their toxins.

ingest and absorb the pathogens or toxins release an enzyme to destroy them.

LYMPHOCYTES

Carry antibodies that can recognise particular types of pathogen.

SYNTHETİC EPO INJECTİON

Cyclist Lance Armstrong National and world

champion cyclist. Two time Olympian,

and at one stage 7-time winner of Le Tour de France.

Armstrong then admitted to taking performance-enhancing drugs Erythropoietin (EPO)

DANGERS

ANEMİA

Anemia can be caused by low amounts of Hemoglobin or Red blood cells. Excessive blood loss Vitamin and mineral deficiencies Certain forms of cancer Iron deficiency

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Anemic person feels tired due to oxygen deficiency in tissues.

PLATELETS

 Round biconvex cell fragments that do not have a distinct nucleus.

First response to body injury is construction of that blood vessel;

To decrease blood loss, To allow time for repearing. Then clotting.

BLOOD CLOTTİNG

Figure 23.14A_s3

321 Platelets adhere and release chemicals.

A platelet plugforms.Fibrinogen Fibrin

A fibrin clotforms.

Epithelium

Connectivetissue

Platelet

Plateletplug

Fibrin clot

Within an hour after a fibrin clot forms; The platelets contract, Pull the torn edges closer together, Reducing size of repearing area.

Platelets release chemicalsto situmulate cell division in smooth muscle for healing process.

DANGERS İN BLOOD CLOTTING

Hemophilia

Paralysis or inner bleeding in organs.

Asprin, heparin and warfarin are anticoagulant drugs which are used to prevent undesirable clotting in patients at risk for heart attack or stroke.

STEM CELL

Multipotent stem cell Unspecialized cells which have ability to formmultiple types of blood cells.

Figure 23.15

Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Myeloidstem cells

Platelets

Erythrocytes

Lymphoidstem cells

Multipotentstem cells(in bone marrow)

LEUKEMİA

Extra white blood cells do not mature normally. They tend to live well beyond their normal life

span. These leukemia cells are unable to fight

infection the way normal white blood cells do. They interfere with vital organ functions,

including the production of healthy blood cells. May be treated by the replacement of cancerous

bone marrow with healthy bone marrow.

IS İT ETHIC?

Is it acceptable to have a child to provide bone marrow donation to a child with leukemia? Why or why not?