Types of Electrolytes

Chapter 5 part 1

Types of Electrolytes

1) Non electrolytes

2) Weak electrolytes

3) Strong electrolytes

Types of Electrolytes

Non electrolyte: do not dissociate (break apart) into ionsInsoluble ionic compoundsGases, Solids, and Liquids

Types of Electrolytes

Weak electrolyte: undergo partial dissociation; equilibrium exists Weak acids (acetic - CH3CO2H)

Weak bases (ammonia - NH3)

CH3CO2H← CH3CO2-+ H+

Strong Electrolytes

These compounds are made of ions that become “free” in an aqueous solution to carry a current

Strong electrolytes

Completely break apart into free ions (dissociate)

3 Types

1) Strong acids (H-A)2) Strong bases (B-OH) 3) Soluble ionic compounds (M-Nm)

Strong AcidsGrp 17: HCl, HBr, HI HNO3, HClO4

H2SO4 (first H+ only)

HNO3 + H2O-->

Acids increase the amount of H+/H3O+ in solution

H3O+ + NO3-

Strong Bases

Alkali metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH)

NaOH -->Na+ + OH-

Bases increasethe amount of OH- in solution

Soluble Ionic Compound

NaCl (s) --> Na+ + Cl-

How do you determine if an ionic compound is soluble?

Solubility RulesSolubility Rules

Yes you must Memorize!!!

1. All compounds containing Group 1 cations and NH4

+ ion are soluble.

“GOOD guys”

Solubility RulesSolubility Rules

2. All compounds containing NO3-,

ClO4-, ClO3

-, and C2H3O2- anions

are soluble.“GOOD guys”

Solubility RulesSolubility Rules

3. Compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble

(EXCEPT those containing: Pb+2, Ag+1, Hg2+2)

Solubility RulesSolubility Rules

4. Compounds containing SO42- sulfates

are soluble (EXCEPT those containing: Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Pb+2, Ag+1, Hg2

+2)

Solubility RulesSolubility Rules

5. Compounds containing ions of CO3

2-, PO43-, S2-, SO3

2- are insoluble (EXCEPT for rule 1)

“BAD guys”

Solubility RulesSolubility Rules

6. Compounds containing OH- are soluble

(EXCEPT: for rule 1 and Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+)

Soluble or Insoluble? Write all the free ions if soluble1) SrCl2

2) CaSO4

3) AgBr4) Na2CO3

5) Pb(OH)2

6) AlPO4

7) (NH4)2SO3

8) Pb(NO3)2