f. gmp sustain life cycle 2009

7/28/2019 F. GMP Sustain Life Cycle 2009

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5. Sustainabil ity and Life Cycle study ofLighting systems

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

BCA Academy (GMP) ProgrammeModule: Efficient Eco-lighting systems(indoor & Outdoor)

Recommended office lighting level = 500 lux

Our eye is used to = 100,000 luxLighting level and energy consumption

ec r ca oa or s um nance = a s m

Average space per of fice s taf f = 8 m2

So, the Lighting load per staff = 80 Watts

For 10 hrs per day, energy consumed = 80 x 10 WHr = 0.80 Kw Hr

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

. , .How much does a cup of coffee cost ?

How many cups would we drink everyday?


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How our Brain takes Light

1.retina2.optic nerve3.visual cortex4.RetinoHypothalamicTract (RHT)

melatoninsecretion

12

36

4

5

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

.

6.pineal gland (melatonin secretion)7.spinal cord

8.superior cervical ganglion(sympathic nervous system)

78

visual pathway

photobiologicalpathway

Lighting and Productivity

Productivity and

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

500 2000 Lux


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Errors and

Lighting and Errors

as

Illuminance

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

500 2000

Lux

Lighting and Fatigue

Fatigue and

Task

um nance

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

500 2000

Lux


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Illuminance Area of Activity

Recommended Illuminance

For various Areas and Activities

100

300

500

750

Circulation Areas, Simple Orientation

Visually Simple Tasks

Offices, Average Tasks in Industries

Visually demanding Tasks, Electronic and

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

1000

30,000

rec s on n us ry, rawng o ces

Graphic Reproduction

Task Lighting in Operating Theatre (example)

How the Brain takes Light

1.retina2.optic nerve3.visual cortex4.RetinoHypothalamicTract (RHT)

melatoninsecretion

12

36

4

5

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

.

6.pineal gland (melatonin secretion)7.spinal cord8.superior cervical ganglion

(sympathic nervous system)

78

visual pathway

photobiologicalpathway


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mood

Photo biological Effects

performance

well being

biological clock

immune system

communication

performance

comfort

safety

+vision

=

direct stimulation

therapies

Located in the SCN

The Body Clock and Light

ntrane y g t t roug t e eye

Controls body rhythms

- ultradian (min./hour cycles)

- circadian (daily)

- circalunar (monthly)

- circannual (seasonal)


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Mood, performance, alertness

Body temperature

Circadian Rythms

Hormone production by pineal gland (melatonin,seratonin)

Hormone production by pituitary gland (prolactine, growthhormone)

Hormone production by adrenaline cortex (cortisol)

Structure of EEG

Urination and composition

Sleep/wake pattern

Relationship between Lamp and EnergyConsumption!

Lamp Ba astLoss

TotalWatts

Life Energyconsumed

Bulb 75W

TLD 36W

Nil

9W

75W

45W

1000 hrs

14000 hrs

75 kW Hrs

630 kW Hrs

Cost oEnergy @SS$0.25

kWHr

r ce oLamp(approx)

$ 1.00

$ 3.50

$ 18. 75

$ 157.50

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

A Lamp consumes about 15-45 times more Energy thanits own price !


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CFL replacing the GLS incandescent lamp (retro-fit)

Masterline 35W Halogen replacing standard 50W Halogen

Energy saving the Sense & Simplicity

(retro-fit)

CDM lamp replacing the Halogen lamp itself(new points)

Super 80 replacing the Cool Daylight tube (retro-fit)

Use of TL5 super 80 tubes for new installations (new points)

Electronic Ballast replacing Magnetic ballast (new points)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lighting Control & Daylight-linking (new points)

LED White light for special applications (new points)

Integrated CFL

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009


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Equivalent CFL for GLS

(example)

CFL 11W = GLS 60W

CFL 15W = GLS 75W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Load reduction per point (60W - 11W) = 49W

Savings with CFL Energy-saver

Saving for 8000hrs life= 8000 x 49 Watt Hrs

= 392 kw Hrs

At S$ 0.25 / kW Hr, money saved = $ 98.0

Avoiding 8 X GLS lamps @$ 1.0 each = $ 8.0

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Total savings by each Lamp = $ 106.0

CFL price = ?


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1) A 100W bulb consumes for 1000 hours =100 Kwhrs

2) CFL 20W consumes for 1000 hours = 20 Kwhrs

CFL Environmental Benefit

3) Energy saved per year = 80 Kwhrs

4) Energy saved for 1 Mln CFL 20W = 80 Mln Kwhrs !

5) CO2 Reduction = 33, 600 Tonnes!

One KWHr of energy is known to produce 0.50 Kg of CO2 in thermal generation

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

ome coun res ave announce pans o p ase ou eIncandescent lamp from 2010. But some caution is

advisable !

Halogen Technology with Masterline 35W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Traditional Double ended support


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Load reduction per point(50W - 35W) = 15W

Energy Saving with Masterline 35W Halogen

Saving for 5000hrs life= 5000 x 15 Watt Hrs

= 75 kw Hrs

At S$ 0.25 / kW Hr, money saved = $ 18.75

Avoiding 2 X Std Halogen lamp = $ 6.00

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

.

Masterline Halogen price = $ 5.00

Energy Saving with Masterline Halogen

Air Con load saving

Less Heat in Interior and more comfort

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Benefit to User : Happier Customers & Staff


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High beam intensities,high light output

CDM Lamp

Choice in 3000-4200K

Long life

Colour stability

High CRI

UV-block

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Best substitute for halogen !

CDM-R

The CDM Family

CDM-T

-TC

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

CDM-TT

CDM-TD CDM-TP


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CDM Vs Halogen at a Department Store

New Number Total load Halogen Total Load Energy

Ballastloss

pointsreplaced

loadincludingGearloss

Due toCDM

4000 hrsper yearKW Hrs

CDM-R 35W

1500 67.5 KW 3000 180 KW 112.5 KW 450,000

CDM- 1000 80.0 KW 3500 210 KW 130.0 520 000

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

R70W

KW

2500 147.5 KW 6500 390 KW 242.5KW

970,000KW Hrs !

30 % increase in illuminance ( Lux) !

Energy Saving with Super 840instead of Cool Daylight tube

Visual satisfaction and Colour appreciation will

be superior

You can use 30 % less luminaires

Electrical reduction air-con reduction and

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

savings in capital and energy costs


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Advantages of TL5 28W

Instead of 36W tube

Longer life Environment-friendlyCompact luminaires

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

T12 - 40 W

Advantages of TL5 tube

T8 36W

T5 28W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

9 Fully recyclable fluorescent lamp (with no loss of quality)

9 Lowest mercury content in the market

9 Maximum of 10% light-output loss over entire lifespan

9 Useful life: 18,000 hours with electronic ballast


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Saves energy & running costEasy to dim for flexible lighting level

Why Electronic ballast ?

sua comor w ess eye- a gueCooler operation of lamp & ballastLess Air-conditioning loadLonger lamp life

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Also referred to as CELMA ratingPresent Status on the banning of Electromagnetic ballast:

Ballast Energy Efficiency

Phase 2b (


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Daylight l inking : a green tool

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

LED & White light

Blue Peak

Green Peak

Red Peak

Blue LED

Spectrum

PhosphorEmission

CombinedSpectrum

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

By mixing Red, Green and Blue(RGB) sources any colour light,including White, can be made

Blue emission is converted to yellow by thephosphor coating over the chip and reflector cup.

The mixture of blue and yellow light appears white

470 525 590 630 (nm) 470 525 590 630 (nm)

Above methods are quite expensive at present and individual lamppower is limited to 1-5 W only !


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No Type of usage Maximumlighting

SS 530: 2006 Power densities allowed

Watts/M2

1 Offices 15

2 Class rooms 15

3 Lecture theatres 15

4 Auditoriums / Concert halls 10

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

ops upermar e sDepartmental Stores (including

general, accent & display lighting6 Restaurants 15

No Type of usage Maximumlighting

SS 530: 2006 Power densities allowed(Continued)

power budgetWatts/M2

7 Lobbies / Atriums / Concourse 10

8 Stairs / Corridors 10

9 Car parks 5

10 Electronic manufacturin and fine 20

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

detail / Assembly industries

11 Medium and heavy industries 15

12 Warehouses / Storage areas 10


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Total Cost Of Ownership (TCOO)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

A Customers decision when based only onthe initial price, can lead to:

Why TCOO?

Long term high energy expenditure

Frequent lamp replacements &

Defects & Maintenance !

TCOO is one way of highlighting such costs tohelp understand the most economic and most

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

durable solution

Financial Decision-makers often prefer to knowwhat is the long term costs (=TCOO) !


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What is Total Cost-of-Ownership

= +

MAINTENANCE)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Total Cost-Of-OwnershipAnnualised Investment = Taken at 10% of ini tial

investment to create the Light points . Eg. forOffice lighting, the investment for each point wi llinclude the following:

A.Cost of Transformer,switch gear, Miniature Circuit

breakers and their installation

B.Cabling up to each luminaire point + installation

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

. um na re seUsually, (A+B) would be S$ 500 per point !

C. is usually about S$ 100 for 2x 36W TL fitting


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Annual Maintenance =

Total Cost-of-Ownership

9 Energy / yr = (Load KW x Burning hrs per year)

9 Lamp cost = Pro-rated for each year =

( No.of lamps x price per lamp x Burning hrs per year)

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

Lamp life in hours

9 cleaning charges

How to reduce other Maintenance costs?

Total Cost-of-Ownership

lamp with long life and low early failure rate

ballast with low loss & long life

luminaire with correct IP rating

luminaire which is easy to maintain

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

-- Group replacement of lamps


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Life Cycle study of same luminaire with

EM or EL ballast2 X EM ballast 1 X EL (Twin) ballast

1. No. of luminaires (say) 100 100

2. Price of Luminaire S$ 80 S$ 100

3. Luminaire cost S$ 8000 S$ 10000

4. 10% depreciation / yr S$ 800 S$ 1000

5. Two lamps load 72W 64W

6. Two lamps Ballast loss 18W 8W

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

7. Total luminaire load 90W 72W

8. Load for 100 lums 9.0 KW 7.2 KW

Life Cycle study of same luminaire withEM or EL ballast

2 X EM ballast 1 X EL (Twin) ballast

Energy for 4000 hrs / yr 36000 KW hrs 28800 KW hrs

@ 25 cents / KW hr S$ 9000 S$ 7200

Lamp life 12000 hrs 15000 hrs

Lamp replacements / yr 67 53

Price of spare lamp S$ 4 S$ 4

Lamp replacement cost S$ 268 S$212

BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

TCOO (4 +10 +14) S$ 10068 S$ 8412

Annual savings with EL --- S$ 1656

Initial Lums extra cost --- S$ 2000

Time to recover it --- 1Yr 2 Months !

f. gmp sustain life cycle 2009

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